ObjectiveTo study on the different therapeutic effects and potential mechanisms of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma（RH） before and after steaming with wine on constipation model mice. MethodsFifty-four male ICR mice were randomly divided into control group， model group， lactulose group（1.5 mg·kg^-1）， high， medium and low dose groups of RH and RH steaming with wine（PRH）（8， 4， 1 g·kg^-1）. Except for the control group， the constipation model was replicated by gavage of loperamide hydrochloride（6 mg·kg^-1） in the other groups. After 2 weeks of modeling， each administration group was gavaged with the corresponding dose of drug solution， and the control and model groups were given an equal volume of normal saline， 1 time/d for 2 consecutive weeks. After administration， the feces were collected for 16S rRNA sequencing， the levels of gastrin（GAS）， motilin（MTL）， interleukin-6（IL-6）， γ-interferon（IFN-γ） in the colonic tissue were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA）， the histopathological changes of colon were observed by hematoxylin-eosin（HE） staining， flow cytometry was used to detect the proportion changes of CD4⁺， CD8⁺ and regulatory T cell（Treg） in peripheral blood. ResultsCompared with the control group， the model group showed significantly decrease in fecal number in 24 h， fecal quality and fecal water rate（P<0.01）， the colon was seen to have necrotic shedding of mucosal epithelium， localized intestinal glands in the lamina propria were degenerated， necrotic and atrophied， a few lymphocytes were seen to infiltrate in the necrotic area in a scattered manner， the contents of GAS and MTL， the proportions of CD4⁺， CD8⁺ and Treg were significantly reduced（P<0.01）， the contents of IL-6 and IFN-γ were significantly elevated（P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the fecal number in 24 h， fecal quality and fecal water rate of high-dose groups of RH and PRH were significantly increased（P<0.05， P<0.01）， the pathological damage of the colon was alleviated to varying degrees， the contents of GAS， MTL， IL-6 and IFN-γ were significantly regressed（P<0.05， P<0.01）， and the proportions of CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ were significantly increased（P<0.01）， although the proportion of Treg showed an upward trend， there was no significant difference. In addition， the results of intestinal flora showed that the number of amplicon sequence variant（ASV） and Alpha diversity were decreased in the model group compared with the control group， and there was a significant difference in Beta diversity， with a decrease in the relative abundance of Lactobacillus and an increase in the relative abundances of Bacillus and Helicobacter. Compared with the model group， the ASV number and Alpha diversity were increased in the high-dose groups of RH and PRH， and there was a trend of regression of Beta diversity to the control group， the relative abundance of Lactobacillus increased， and the relative abundances of Bacillus and Helicobacter decreased. ConclusionRH and PRH can improve dysbacteriosis， promote immune system activation， inhibit the release of inflammatory factors for enhancing the gastrointestinal function， which may be one of the potential mechanisms of their therapeutic effect on constipation.

Objective: To systematically evaluate the influencing factors for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in Chinese children, so as to provide the evidence for risk prediction and intervention of ASD. Methods: The publications pertaining to the influencing factors for ASD in Chinese children were retrieved from CNKI, Wanfang Data, VIP, PubMed and Embase database from inception to August 2024. A meta-analysis was performed using R package version 4.4.1. Sensitivity analysis was performed using the "leave-one-out" evaluation procedure. Publication bias was assessed using Egger regression test. Results: A total of 38 high-quality articles out of 9 015 articles were finally included, covering 149 607 individuals, with 5 974 cases of ASD. The meta-analysis showed that demographic factors including family history of related diseases (OR=14.958), maternal age of ≥35 years (OR=2.287) and parental history of hazardous occupations (OR=3.511); pregnancy-related factors including history of abortion (OR=5.832), no folate supplementation before and during pregnancy (OR=4.566), tobacco exposure before and during pregnancy (OR=2.596), history of other adverse exposures before and during pregnancy (OR=3.533), history of infectious diseases during pregnancy (OR=3.753), history of non-infectious diseases during pregnancy (OR=2.563), psychological problems during pregnancy (OR=3.864), history of medication during pregnancy (OR=6.651), adverse environmental exposures during pregnancy (OR=3.754), severe pregnancy reactions (OR=5.082), abnormal perinatal period (OR=2.987), cesarean delivery (OR=1.659), other perinatal adverse factors (OR=3.856), history of neonatal asphyxia (OR=2.792) and neonatal jaundice (OR=3.687); parenting factors including non-exclusive breastfeeding (OR=2.510), early/excessive screen exposure (OR=3.589) and feeding problems (OR=3.113); and individual factors including being male (OR=3.333) and history of convulsions/epilepsy (OR=7.035) were influencing factors for ASD in Chinese children. Conclusions The prevalence of ASD in Chinese children is primarily associated with 23 influencing factors, including family history of related diseases, history of abortion, no folate supplementation before and during pregnancy, medication during pregnancy, early/excessive screen exposure and history of convulsions/epilepsy.

[摘 要] 目的：探讨环磷腺苷效应元件结合蛋白（CREB）对前列腺癌细胞恶性生物学行为的影响。方法：常规培养前列腺癌细胞PC3，用转染试剂将过表达对照质粒，CREB过表达质粒（CREB-oe)、敲减对照序列（si-NC）和si-CREB序列转染至PC3细胞，分为vector，CREB-oe、si-NC和si-CREB组。用划痕愈合实验、Transwell小室实验和流式细胞术分别检测各组细胞的迁移、侵袭能力和细胞周期情况。用CRISPR/cas9技术构建CREB敲除的PC3细胞，用PC3细胞移植瘤实验检测CREB敲除对移植瘤生长的影响。结果：在PC3细胞中成功地敲减或过表达了CREB（均P < 0.01），过表达或敲减CREB均可明显促进或抑制PC3细胞的迁移、侵袭能力（均P < 0.01），过表达CREB可促使PC3细胞进入S期，而敲减CREB表达则使PC3细胞阻滞于G1期（均P < 0.01）。成功地构建了CREB敲除PC3细胞，敲除CREB可明显抑制PC3细胞移植瘤的生长（P < 0.01）。结论：敲减或敲除CREB能够抑制PC3细胞的迁移和侵袭，并使其阻滞于G1期，进而抑制移植瘤的生长。

Objective To evaluate the radiation impact of a self-developed digital miniature CT on the human body and the environment under simulated scanning conditions, and verify its safety and regulatory compliance. Methods Under typical head scanning conditions with the digital miniature CT (70 kV/10 mA), the equivalent doses received at the body surface sites corresponding to the thyroid, breast, stomach, liver, kidney, and gonads of the phantom were measured without protection and with 0.5 mmPb equivalent protection using LiF (Mg, Cu, P) thermoluminescent dosimeters. The ambient dose equivalent rates at the bed level inside the CT room at different directions and distances from the scanning center were measured using a model AT1121 X/γ dosimeter. The equivalent doses of organs on both sides of the phantom and the ambient equivalent dose rates on the left and right sides of the longitudinal axis of the bed in the CT room were compared. The Mann-Whitney test was used at a significance level of P < 0.05. Results During a single scan of the head with the digital miniature CT, the equivalent doses at the body surface sites corresponding to the thyroid, breast, stomach, liver, kidney, and gonads without protection were 1.04, 0.95, 0.55, 0.57, 0.40, and 0.12 mSv, respectively, which were only 0.84% to 8.24% of the doses inside the irradiation field. With 0.5 mm Pb equivalent protection, the equivalent dose of the thyroid decreased from 8.24 mSv to 3.27 mSv with a reduction of 60.3%, and the doses of the other organs were reduced to 1.5-11.5 μSv with the maximum reduction of 14 times. In the longitudinal axis direction of the CT bed, the ambient dose equivalent rate at a distance of 2 m from the scanning center was reduced to 0.066 mSv/h, which was only 9.6% of the ambient equivalent dose rate at a distance of 50 cm from the scanning center. Conclusion The digital miniature CT has advantages in ensuring patient safety, optimizing imaging quality, and promoting technological development, demonstrating promising application potential. However, the radiation protection of personal and CT room should not be ignored.

Objective To investigate the association between lifestyle and risk of heart disease and diabetes in the elderly population in Xi'an City. Methods From January 2021 to January 2024, a staged cluster sampling method was used to investigate the lifestyle and the occurrence of heart disease and diabetes in elderly population aged 60 years and above in the communities of Xi'an. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between lifestyle and the risk of heart disease and diabetes. Results A total of 413 elderly people were investigated, of which 31.96% had heart disease, 27.12% had diabetes, and 10.90% had diabetes with heart disease. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that age, BMI, family history, sweet food preference, smoking, and sitting and lying for a long time were risk factors for diabetes in the elderly population (P<0.05). Age, BMI, family history, history of diabetes, preference for salted products, smoking, drinking, and sitting and lying for a long time were risk factors for heart disease in the elderly population (P<0.05). Conclusion The incidence rates of heart disease and diabetes are high in the elderly population in Xi'an City. The risk of diabetes is related to unhealthy lifestyles such as sweet food preference, smoking, and sitting and lying for a long time, while heart disease is related to unhealthy lifestyles such as preference for salted products, smoking, drinking, and sitting and lying for a long time.

Objective: To investigate the distribution of IgM anti-A/B titers among group O whole blood donors in Jiangsu, establish a low-titer threshold, and analyze the demographic characteristics of low-titer donors, so as to provide data for recruiting low-titer group O whole blood (LTOWB) donors. Methods: Plasma samples from 1 009 group O whole blood donors were tested for IgM anti-A and anti-B titers using the microplate technique. The distribution of antibody titers was analyzed to establish a low-titer threshold. The distribution trends of titers across different demographic groups were also analyzed. Results: The peak titer for anti-A, anti-B were 64 (31.5%), 4 (23.8%), respectively, The proportion of donors with both anti-A and anti-B titers below 64 was 97.3% (982/1 009). The mean anti-A titer was higher than anti-B titer. Anti-A titers were higher in female donors than in male donors (P<0.05). The anti-A titers differed significantly among different age groups (P<0.05). However, no significant difference in titers was observed based on the number of donations (P>0.05). Conclusion: A titer of 64 can be used as the reference threshold of LTOWB in Jiangsu. Male donors of appropriate age are more suitable than female donors for establishing an emergency panel of LTOWB mobile donors.

[摘 要] 目的：探究甘露糖结合凝集素2（LMAN2）在激素受体（HR）阳性乳腺癌组织中的表达水平与乳腺癌患者预后的关系及其对MCF-7 细胞增殖和迁移的影响。方法：通过TCGA、Bc-GenExMiner、GEPIA和Kaplan-Meier Plotter数据库分析LMAN2在乳腺癌组织和正常乳腺组织中的差异性表达及其与患者预后的关系。采用小RNA干扰技术将si-LMAN2#1、si-LMAN2#2及si-NC转染至MCF-7细胞，将过表达LMAN载体（pc-LMAN）及空载体pcDNA3.1阴性对照（pc-NC）转染至MCF-7细胞，实验分为si-LMAN2#1、si-LMAN2#2、si-NC、pc-LMAN2和pc-NC组。通过qPCR和WB实验检测各组细胞中LMAN2 mRNA和蛋白的表达水平，CCK-8、克隆形成、Transwell迁移、WB等实验检测敲低和过表达LMAN 2对MCF-7细胞增殖、克隆形成、迁移及AKT信号通路相关蛋白表达的影响。结果：LMAN2在乳腺癌组织中的表达水平显著高于正常乳腺组织（P<0.001）。HR阳性乳腺癌组织中LMAN2表达水平显著高于HR阴性乳腺癌组织（P<0.001）；LMAN2高表达与HR阳性乳腺癌患者不良预后有关联。敲低LMAN2可显著降低MCF-7细胞的增殖和迁移能力（P<0.01或P<0.001），过表达LMAN2可显著提高MCF-7细胞的增殖和迁移能力（均P<0.001）。敲低LMAN2组MCF-7细胞中PTEN和P21蛋白表达水平均显著升高，p-AKT蛋白表达水平显著降低（均P<0.01）。结论：LMAN2在乳腺癌组织和HR阳性乳腺癌组织中高表达，且与不良预后有关联。LMAN2高表达与MCF-7细胞增殖和迁移有关联，其作用机制可能涉及AKT信号通路。

OBJECTIVE: To investigate a new noninvasive diagnostic model for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) based on features of tongue images. METHODS: Healthy controls and volunteers confirmed to have NAFLD by liver ultrasound were recruited from China-Japan Friendship Hospital between September 2018 and May 2019, then the anthropometric indexes and sampled tongue images were measured. The tongue images were labeled by features, based on a brief protocol, without knowing any other clinical data, after a series of corrections and data cleaning. The algorithm was trained on images using labels and several anthropometric indexes for inputs, utilizing machine learning technology. Finally, a logistic regression algorithm and a decision tree model were constructed as 2 diagnostic models for NAFLD. RESULTS: A total of 720 subjects were enrolled in this study, including 432 patients with NAFLD and 288 healthy volunteers. Of them, 482 were randomly allocated into the training set and 238 into the validation set. The diagnostic model based on logistic regression exhibited excellent performance: in validation set, it achieved an accuracy of 86.98%, sensitivity of 91.43%, and specificity of 80.61%; with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.93 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.68-0.98]. The decision tree model achieved an accuracy of 81.09%, sensitivity of 91.43%, and specificity of 66.33%; with an AUC of 0.89 (95% CI 0.66-0.92) in validation set. CONCLUSIONS The features of tongue images were associated with NAFLD. Both the 2 diagnostic models, which would be convenient, noninvasive, lightweight, rapid, and inexpensive technical references for early screening, can accurately distinguish NAFLD and are worth further study.
Humans ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/diagnostic imaging* ; Ultrasonography ; Anthropometry ; Algorithms ; China

Objective To analyze the pathogenic composition of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) cases and the antibody level of enterovirus 71 (EV-A71) in healthy people in Xi'an in 2022, so as to provide evidence for the prevention and control of HFMD. Methods Anal swabs or stool specimens of HFMD cases were collected. RT-PCR was used to detect enterovirus (EV) and serotype was identified. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect EV-A71 IgG antibody levels in healthy people. Results A total of 172 positive cases were detected from 274 HFMD clinical specimens with a total detection rate of 62.77%, including 1 case of EV-A71 (0.58%), 95 cases of CV-A16 (55.23%), 64 cases of CV-A6 (37.21%), and 1 case of CV-A10(0.58%). CV-A16 was the dominant pathogen in spring and summer, and CV-A6 was the dominant pathogen in autumn and winter（χ²= 64.376，P＜0.001）. The age of HFMD cases caused by CV-A16 was older than the cases caused by CV-A6（t = 2.709，P = 0.007）. The positive rate of EV-A71 IgG antibodies in healthy people was 36.92% (168/455). The positive rate of EV-A71 IgG antibodies in men (32.35%) was lower than that in women (43.72%), and the difference was statistically significant (χ²= 6.605 , P = 0.014). The positive rate of EV-A71 IgG antibodies in people of all ages ranged from 21.95% to 54.78%, and the difference was statistically significant (χ²= 27.623 , P<0.001). Conclusion The main pathogens of hand, foot and mouth disease in Xi'an in 2022 are CV-A16 and CV-A6 . The positive rate of EV-A71 IgG antibodies in children under 5 years old is low , and EV-A71 vaccination should be strengthened.

Objective: To investigate the impact of temperature changes between neighboring days (TCN) on the mortality risk of respiratory diseases, so as to provide the evidence for the study of deaths from respiratory diseases caused by climate change. Methods: The monitoring data of deaths from respiratory diseases in Zibo City from 2015 to 2019 were collected from Shandong Provincial Management Information System for Chronic Diseases and Cause of Death Surveillance. The meteorological and air pollutant data of the same period were collected from China Meteorological Data Website and ChinaHighAirPollutants dataset. The effect of TCN on the risk of deaths from respiratory diseases was examined using a generalized additive model combined with a distributed lag non-linear model, and subgroup analyses for gender and age were conducted. The disease burden attributed to TCN at different intervals was assessed by calculating attributable fraction. Results: Totally 11 767 deaths from respiratory diseases were reported in Zibo City from 2015 to 2019, including 6 648 males (56.50%) and 5 119 females (43.50%). There were 1 307 deaths aged <65 years (11.11%), and 10 460 deaths aged 65 years and older (88.89%). A monotonically increasing exposure-response relationship was observed between TCN and deaths from respiratory diseases in the general population, females, and the population aged 65 years and older. The 95th percentile of TCN (P95, 3.84 ℃) reached the peak at a cumulative lagged of day 11 (RR=2.063, 95%CI: 1.261-3.376). The results of subgroup analyses showed greater impacts on females and the population aged 65 years and older, with cumulative lagged effects peaking at day 12 (RR=3.119, 95%CI: 1.476-6.589) and day 11 (RR=2.107, 95%CI: 1.260-3.523). The results of attributional risk analysis showed that next-day warming might increase the attributable risk of deaths from respiratory diseases, and next-day cooling might decrease the attributable risk. Conclusion Next-day warming may increase the mortality risk of respiratory diseases, and has greater impacts on females and the population aged 65 years and older.