The gut microbiota regulates intestinal nutrient absorption, participates in modulating host glucolipid metabolism, and contributes to ameliorating glucolipid metabolism disorder. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota can compromise the integrity of the intestinal mucosal barrier, induce inflammatory responses, and exacerbate insulin resistance and abnormal lipid metabolism in the host. Dangua Humai Oral Liquid, a hospital-developed formulation for regulating glucolipid metabolism, has been granted a national invention patent and demonstrates significant clinical efficacy. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Dangua Humai Oral Liquid on gut microbiota and the intestinal mucosal barrier in a mouse model with glucolipid metabolism disorder. A glucolipid metabolism disorder model was established by feeding mice a high-glucose and high-fat diet. The mice were divided into a normal group, a model group, and a treatment group, with eight mice in each group. The treatment group received a daily gavage of Dangua Humai Oral Liquid(20 g·kg~(-1)), while the normal group and model group were given an equivalent volume of sterile water. After 15 weeks of intervention, glucolipid metabolism, intestinal mucosal barrier function, and inflammatory responses were evaluated. Metagenomics and untargeted metabolomics were employed to analyze changes in gut microbiota and associated metabolic pathways. Significant differences were observed between the indicators of the normal group and the model group. Compared with the model group, the treatment group exhibited marked improvements in glucolipid metabolism disorder, alleviated pathological damage in the liver and small intestine tissue, elevated expression of recombinant claudin 1(CLDN1), occluding(OCLN), and zonula occludens 1(ZO-1) in the small intestine tissue, and reduced serum levels of inflammatory factors lipopolysaccharides(LPS), lipopolysaccharide-binding protein(LBP), interleukin-6(IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α). At the phylum level, the relative abundance of Bacteroidota decreased, while that of Firmicutes increased. Lipid-related metabolic pathways were significantly altered. In conclusion, based on the successful establishment of the mouse model of glucolipid metabolism disorder, this study confirmed that Dangua Humai Oral Liquid effectively modulates gut microbiota and mucosal barrier function, reduces serum inflammatory factor levels, and regulates lipid-related metabolic pathways, thereby ameliorating glucolipid metabolism disorder.
Animals ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects* ; Mice ; Intestinal Mucosa/microbiology* ; Male ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/administration & dosage* ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Humans ; Glycolipids/metabolism* ; Lipid Metabolism/drug effects* ; Administration, Oral ; Disease Models, Animal

Objective:To explore the application effectiveness of the large language model DeepSeek in the cultivation of clinical thinking skills for medical laboratory technology students.Methods:A non-randomized controlled study was conducted. In the 2024-2025 academic year, two classes of second-year medical laboratory technology students from Hubei University of Chinese Medicine were selected and divided into a DeepSeek-assisted teaching group (Class A, n=53) and a traditional teaching control group (Class B, n=53), totaling 106 students. Both groups followed a 20-week problem-based learning (PBL) framework with identical teaching content, instructors, and class hours. Class A utilized DeepSeek via the"Learning Pass AI"platform for case diagnosis reasoning, prompt construction training, test plan formulation, and result analysis, while Class B received traditional PBL instruction. Paired t-tests were used to compare pre-and post-teaching scores in clinical thinking skills, AI interaction literacy, and prompt construction in Class A. Independent samples t-tests and chi-square ( χ2) tests were used to evaluate differences in case reasoning scores, etiology analysis accuracy, and teaching satisfaction between groups. Structured questionnaires supplemented the evaluation of model-assisted teaching processes. Results:The comparison of pre-and post-teaching scores in Class A showed that post-teaching scores significantly improved in clinical thinking skills[(4.02±0.45) points vs. (3.09±0.50) points, t=2.23)] and AI interaction literacy [(4.62±0.41) points vs. (3.27±0.54) points, t=2.18]. Compared to Class B, Class A demonstrated superior performance in case reasoning scores [(81.1±3.8) points vs.(74.3±4.2) points, t=8.97], etiology analysis accuracy [94.3% (50/53) vs. 81.1% (43/53), χ2=4.29], and teaching satisfaction [(95.6±3.2)points vs. (82.6±4.8) points, t=11.86] ( P<0.05). The results of questionnaires indicated that during model application, the prompt construction improved in logic [(2.85±0.58) points to (4.25±0.50) points, t=14.23, P<0.01] and innovation [(2.60±0.53) points to (4.05±0.46) points, t=11.57, P<0.05], but question clarity (77.4%, 41/53) and medical terminology accuracy (43.4%, 23/53) remained primary shortcomings. Conclusion:Integrating large language models into AI-teacher collaborative learning pathways can effectively promote students′ autonomous inquiry and clinical reasoning skills, thereby enhancing medical laboratory technology students′ clinical thinking skills.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the mechanism of action of Quzhuo Tongbi Granules(QZTB)in reducing uric acid and anti-inflammation in mice with hyperuricemia(HUA).METHODS The components of QZTB were identified by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS).Sixty-four C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into control group,model group,benzbromarone group,QZTB low-dose group,QZTB medium-dose group,QZTB high-dose group,MCC950 group,and MCC950+QZTB medium-dose group,with 8 mice in each group.Adenine(100 mg·kg-1)and potassium oxonate(500 mg·kg-1)were used to establish the HUA mouse model.Except for the control group,all other groups underwent 2 weeks of modeling followed by 4 weeks of treatment.After 2 weeks of modeling,blood was collected from the orbital venous plexus to measure serum uric acid(SUA)levels as the criterion for successful model induction.Mice were sacrificed after 4 weeks of continuous treatment for sample collection.An automatic biochemical analyzer was used to measure serum levels of SUA,urea nitrogen(BUN),and creatinine(Cr).Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was employed to detect serum levels of interleukin-1β(IL-1β),interleukin-6(IL-6),interleukin-18(IL-18),and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α).The qPCR was used to assess mRNA expression of urate transporter 1(URAT1),ATP-binding cassette transporter G2(ABCG2),glucose transporter 9(GLUT9),and PDZ domain-contai-ning protein kinase 1(PDZK1)in kidney tissue.Western blot was performed to measure protein expression of urate transporters(URAT1,ABCG2,GLUT9,PDZK1),nuclear transcription factor κB(NF-κB)total protein,phosphorylated NF-κB(p-NF-κB),Nod-like receptor protein 3(NLRP3),Cleaved Caspase-1 and Pro-Caspase-1 proteins in kidney tissue.Immunohistochemistry was used to determine the expression levels of urate transporters(URAT1,ABCG2,PDZK1,GLUT9)in kidney tissue.RESULTS A to-tal of 9 representative active ingredients were identified in QZTB.Two weeks after modeling,SUA in the model group was significantly increased compared with that in the control group(P<0.000 1).Four weeks after administration,serum SUA,BUN and Cr in the model group were significantly increased(P<0.000 1),IL-1β,IL-6,IL-18 and TNF-α levels were increased(P<0.01,P<0.001),the expression of ABCG2 and PDZK1 proteins in renal tissue was decreased(P<0.01,P<0.001,P<0.000 1),and the ex-pression of URAT1,GLUT9,NLRP3,p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65 and Cleaved Caspase-1/Pro-Caspase-1 proteins was significantly increased(P<0.01,P<0.001,P<0.000 1).Compared with the model group,SUA,BUN and Cr in the benzbromarone group and the low-,medium-and high-dose QZTB intervention groups were reduced to varying degrees(P<0.001,P<0.000 1).QZTB could ef-fectively reduce the levels of serum inflammatory factors IL-1β,IL-6,IL-18 and TNF-α(P<0.05,P<0.01),increase the expres-sion of ABCG2 and PDZK1 proteins in renal tissue(P<0.05,P<0.01,P<0.000 1),and downregulate the expression of URAT1,GLUT9,NLRP3,p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65 and Cleaved Caspase-1/Pro-Caspase-1 proteins(P<0.05,P<0.01,P<0.001,P<0.000 1).Compared with the model group,the MCC950 group downregulated the protein expressions of NLRP3,p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65,and Cleaved Caspase-1/Pro-Caspase-1(P<0.01).Compared with the MCC950 group or the QZTB group,the MCC950+QZTB group downregulated the protein expressions of NLRP3,p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65,and Cleaved Caspase-1/Pro-Caspase-1(P<0.05,P<0.01,P<0.000 1).CONCLUSION QZTB can promote uric acid excretion by inhibiting the NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway,thereby improving the symptoms of HUA.

Aim To study the possibility of luteolin(LUT)as a new drug of traditional Chinese medicine and its improving effect on glucose and lipid metabo-lism and liver oxidative stress injury in db/db mice,and to explore the possible mechanism.Methods AI was used to predict the drug toxicity,evaluate the phys-ical and chemical properties and segment the molecular structure of LUT.Molecular docking was used to verify the binding ability of LUT with Nrf2 and HMOX1;db/m mice were divided into the group C,and db/db mice were randomly divided into the T,L,M,H and P groups.The body weight and FBG changes were ob-served within 12 weeks of intervention.The expres-sions of FBG,HbA1c,Fins,TC,TG,HDL-C,LDL-C were detected.The pathomorphological changes and steatosis of mouse liver were observed by HE and oil red O staining.The expression of MDA,SOD and GSH-Px in liver was detected by Kit.The protein and mRNA expressions of Nrf2 and HMOX1 were detected by immunohistochemistry,WB and qPCR.Results AI algorithm predicted the safety and easy synthesis of LUT.LUT intervention had no significant effect on the body weight of db/db mice.After 12 weeks,compared with the group C,the livers of mice in group T showed disordered structure of hepatic lobules,irregular ar-rangement of hepatocytes,and a large number of fat vacuoles and lipid droplets in the cytoplasm.Compared with the group T,LUT intervention could improve the pathological changes of liver,reduce the expression of FBG,HbA1c,fins,TC,TG,LDL-C,MDA,improve the level of HOMA-IR,and upregulate the activities of SOD and GSH-Px.Molecular docking results showed LUT had strong binding with Nrf2 and HMOX1,and could increase the expression of Nrf2 and HMOX1.Conclu-sion LUT can correct the disorder of glucose and lip-id metabolism in db/db mice,and improve the level of oxidative stress in liver of mice through Nrf2/HMOX1 pathway,which has the development prospect as a new Chinese medicine for the treatment of T2DM.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the mechanism of action of Quzhuo Tongbi Granules(QZTB)in reducing uric acid and anti-inflammation in mice with hyperuricemia(HUA).METHODS The components of QZTB were identified by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS).Sixty-four C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into control group,model group,benzbromarone group,QZTB low-dose group,QZTB medium-dose group,QZTB high-dose group,MCC950 group,and MCC950+QZTB medium-dose group,with 8 mice in each group.Adenine(100 mg·kg-1)and potassium oxonate(500 mg·kg-1)were used to establish the HUA mouse model.Except for the control group,all other groups underwent 2 weeks of modeling followed by 4 weeks of treatment.After 2 weeks of modeling,blood was collected from the orbital venous plexus to measure serum uric acid(SUA)levels as the criterion for successful model induction.Mice were sacrificed after 4 weeks of continuous treatment for sample collection.An automatic biochemical analyzer was used to measure serum levels of SUA,urea nitrogen(BUN),and creatinine(Cr).Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was employed to detect serum levels of interleukin-1β(IL-1β),interleukin-6(IL-6),interleukin-18(IL-18),and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α).The qPCR was used to assess mRNA expression of urate transporter 1(URAT1),ATP-binding cassette transporter G2(ABCG2),glucose transporter 9(GLUT9),and PDZ domain-contai-ning protein kinase 1(PDZK1)in kidney tissue.Western blot was performed to measure protein expression of urate transporters(URAT1,ABCG2,GLUT9,PDZK1),nuclear transcription factor κB(NF-κB)total protein,phosphorylated NF-κB(p-NF-κB),Nod-like receptor protein 3(NLRP3),Cleaved Caspase-1 and Pro-Caspase-1 proteins in kidney tissue.Immunohistochemistry was used to determine the expression levels of urate transporters(URAT1,ABCG2,PDZK1,GLUT9)in kidney tissue.RESULTS A to-tal of 9 representative active ingredients were identified in QZTB.Two weeks after modeling,SUA in the model group was significantly increased compared with that in the control group(P<0.000 1).Four weeks after administration,serum SUA,BUN and Cr in the model group were significantly increased(P<0.000 1),IL-1β,IL-6,IL-18 and TNF-α levels were increased(P<0.01,P<0.001),the expression of ABCG2 and PDZK1 proteins in renal tissue was decreased(P<0.01,P<0.001,P<0.000 1),and the ex-pression of URAT1,GLUT9,NLRP3,p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65 and Cleaved Caspase-1/Pro-Caspase-1 proteins was significantly increased(P<0.01,P<0.001,P<0.000 1).Compared with the model group,SUA,BUN and Cr in the benzbromarone group and the low-,medium-and high-dose QZTB intervention groups were reduced to varying degrees(P<0.001,P<0.000 1).QZTB could ef-fectively reduce the levels of serum inflammatory factors IL-1β,IL-6,IL-18 and TNF-α(P<0.05,P<0.01),increase the expres-sion of ABCG2 and PDZK1 proteins in renal tissue(P<0.05,P<0.01,P<0.000 1),and downregulate the expression of URAT1,GLUT9,NLRP3,p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65 and Cleaved Caspase-1/Pro-Caspase-1 proteins(P<0.05,P<0.01,P<0.001,P<0.000 1).Compared with the model group,the MCC950 group downregulated the protein expressions of NLRP3,p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65,and Cleaved Caspase-1/Pro-Caspase-1(P<0.01).Compared with the MCC950 group or the QZTB group,the MCC950+QZTB group downregulated the protein expressions of NLRP3,p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65,and Cleaved Caspase-1/Pro-Caspase-1(P<0.05,P<0.01,P<0.000 1).CONCLUSION QZTB can promote uric acid excretion by inhibiting the NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway,thereby improving the symptoms of HUA.

Aim To study the possibility of luteolin(LUT)as a new drug of traditional Chinese medicine and its improving effect on glucose and lipid metabo-lism and liver oxidative stress injury in db/db mice,and to explore the possible mechanism.Methods AI was used to predict the drug toxicity,evaluate the phys-ical and chemical properties and segment the molecular structure of LUT.Molecular docking was used to verify the binding ability of LUT with Nrf2 and HMOX1;db/m mice were divided into the group C,and db/db mice were randomly divided into the T,L,M,H and P groups.The body weight and FBG changes were ob-served within 12 weeks of intervention.The expres-sions of FBG,HbA1c,Fins,TC,TG,HDL-C,LDL-C were detected.The pathomorphological changes and steatosis of mouse liver were observed by HE and oil red O staining.The expression of MDA,SOD and GSH-Px in liver was detected by Kit.The protein and mRNA expressions of Nrf2 and HMOX1 were detected by immunohistochemistry,WB and qPCR.Results AI algorithm predicted the safety and easy synthesis of LUT.LUT intervention had no significant effect on the body weight of db/db mice.After 12 weeks,compared with the group C,the livers of mice in group T showed disordered structure of hepatic lobules,irregular ar-rangement of hepatocytes,and a large number of fat vacuoles and lipid droplets in the cytoplasm.Compared with the group T,LUT intervention could improve the pathological changes of liver,reduce the expression of FBG,HbA1c,fins,TC,TG,LDL-C,MDA,improve the level of HOMA-IR,and upregulate the activities of SOD and GSH-Px.Molecular docking results showed LUT had strong binding with Nrf2 and HMOX1,and could increase the expression of Nrf2 and HMOX1.Conclu-sion LUT can correct the disorder of glucose and lip-id metabolism in db/db mice,and improve the level of oxidative stress in liver of mice through Nrf2/HMOX1 pathway,which has the development prospect as a new Chinese medicine for the treatment of T2DM.

Objective:To explore the application effectiveness of the large language model DeepSeek in the cultivation of clinical thinking skills for medical laboratory technology students.Methods:A non-randomized controlled study was conducted. In the 2024-2025 academic year, two classes of second-year medical laboratory technology students from Hubei University of Chinese Medicine were selected and divided into a DeepSeek-assisted teaching group (Class A, n=53) and a traditional teaching control group (Class B, n=53), totaling 106 students. Both groups followed a 20-week problem-based learning (PBL) framework with identical teaching content, instructors, and class hours. Class A utilized DeepSeek via the"Learning Pass AI"platform for case diagnosis reasoning, prompt construction training, test plan formulation, and result analysis, while Class B received traditional PBL instruction. Paired t-tests were used to compare pre-and post-teaching scores in clinical thinking skills, AI interaction literacy, and prompt construction in Class A. Independent samples t-tests and chi-square ( χ2) tests were used to evaluate differences in case reasoning scores, etiology analysis accuracy, and teaching satisfaction between groups. Structured questionnaires supplemented the evaluation of model-assisted teaching processes. Results:The comparison of pre-and post-teaching scores in Class A showed that post-teaching scores significantly improved in clinical thinking skills[(4.02±0.45) points vs. (3.09±0.50) points, t=2.23)] and AI interaction literacy [(4.62±0.41) points vs. (3.27±0.54) points, t=2.18]. Compared to Class B, Class A demonstrated superior performance in case reasoning scores [(81.1±3.8) points vs.(74.3±4.2) points, t=8.97], etiology analysis accuracy [94.3% (50/53) vs. 81.1% (43/53), χ2=4.29], and teaching satisfaction [(95.6±3.2)points vs. (82.6±4.8) points, t=11.86] ( P<0.05). The results of questionnaires indicated that during model application, the prompt construction improved in logic [(2.85±0.58) points to (4.25±0.50) points, t=14.23, P<0.01] and innovation [(2.60±0.53) points to (4.05±0.46) points, t=11.57, P<0.05], but question clarity (77.4%, 41/53) and medical terminology accuracy (43.4%, 23/53) remained primary shortcomings. Conclusion:Integrating large language models into AI-teacher collaborative learning pathways can effectively promote students′ autonomous inquiry and clinical reasoning skills, thereby enhancing medical laboratory technology students′ clinical thinking skills.

BACKGROUND:Previous studies have confirmed that the new compound cottonrose hibiscus leaf gel plaster has a good effect in the treatment of acute soft tissue swelling. OBJECTIVE:To observe the clinical efficacy of compound cottonrose hibiscus leaf gel plaster in the treatment of synovitis of the knee joint. METHODS:Seventy-two patients with knee synovitis were selected from Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from December 2019 to May 2021.These patients were randomly divided into a trial group and a control group,with 36 cases in each group.The trial group was treated with compound cottonrose hibiscus leaf gel plaster,once a day,12 hours each time,while the control group was treated with Diclofenac Diethylamine Emulgel,twice a day.After 28 days of treatment,visual analog scale score,WOMAC Osteoarthritis Index score,quality of life score(SF-36),thickness of knee synovium and comprehensive curative effect were compared between the two groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Visual analog scale scores after treatment were lower than those before treatment(P<0.05).Visual analog scale scores in the trial group after 7,14 and 28 days of treatment were lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).The WOMAC Osteoarthritis Index scores of the two groups after treatment were lower than those before treatment(P<0.05),and the WOMAC Osteoarthritis Index scores in the trial group after 7,14 and 28 days of treatment were lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).(3)The SF-36 quality of life score in the two groups after 28 days of treatment was higher than that before treatment(P<0.05).SF-36 quality of life score in the trial group after 28 days of treatment was higher than that in the control group(P<0.05).(4)After 28 days of treatment,the thickness of knee synovium in the trial group was less than that in the control group(P<0.05),and the effective rate in the trial group was higher than that in the control group(P<0.05).(5)These findings indicate that compared with Diclofenac Diethylamine Emulgel,the compound cottonrose hibiscus leaf gel plaster can better relieve knee pain,enhance knee joint function,reduce synovial hyperplasia,and elevate the overall quality of life of patients.

Objective To construct a continuous nursing quality evaluation indicator system for inflam-matory bowel disease patients and provide a basis for the evaluation of continuous nursing quality.Methods On the basis of Donabedian's three-dimensional(structure,process,and outcome)quality structure,we employed liter-ature review,qualitative interview,Delphi method,and hierarchical analysis to determine the content and weights of indicators of continuous nursing quality for the patients with inflammatory bowel disease.Results A total of 15 experts completed 2 rounds of consultation,which had the questionnaire recovery rates of 100％,the expert authority coefficients of 0.930 and 0.919,and the Kendall harmony coefficients of 0.149 and 0.177(both P＜0.001),respectively.The established nursing quality evaluation indicator system included 3 first-level indicators,10 sec-ond-level indicators,and 39 third-level indicators.Conclusion The continuous nursing quality evaluation indi-cator system for the patients with inflammatory bowel disease that was constructed in this study was reasonable,reliable,and practical,providing reference for evaluating the continuous nursing quality for the patients with in-flammatory bowel disease.

Objective To observe the value of apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC)for quantitatively evaluating progressive muscle injury of rabbit limbs in early stage of high-voltage electrical burn.Methods Twenty healthy adult rabbits were selected to establish limb high-voltage electrical burn models,which were randomly divided into 0.5,24,48 and 72 h groups(each n=5).MR diffusion weighted imaging(DWI)was collected for each group at 0.5,24,48 and 72 h after modeling,and the injured core muscles of the right hind limb and the normal muscles of the contralateral limb were taken for HE staining.The muscle's ADC,muscle fiber density(MFD)and muscle fiber diameter(D)values at the injured core of current entry and exit were compared,and those of normal muscle were also analyzed.The correlations of ADC values in injured core muscle and MFD or D values were investigated.Results There were significant differences of ADC values of injured core muscle at both the entry and exit and normal muscle,also of ADC values of injured core muscle at the entry and exit within each group(all P＜0.05).ADC values of injured core muscle at the entry and exit decreased with time going(all P＜0.05),but ADC values of normal muscle were not significantly different among different time points(P＞0.05).MFD values of injured core muscle at the entry and exit decreased with time going(all P＜0.05),while MFD values of the normal muscle,D values of the injured core muscle at the entry and exit and normal muscle were not significantly different among time points(all P＞0.05).ADC value of the injured core muscle was positively correlated with MFD value and negatively correlated with D value(rs=0.846,r=-0.507,both P＜0.05).Conclusion ADC could quantitatively evaluate the progressive muscle injury of rabbit limbs in early stage of high-voltage electrical burn.