Climate and land use changes may significantly impact the habitat distribution of Gastrodia elata, an endangered traditional medicinal plant. Accurately predicting its future potential suitable habitats is crucial for its conservation and sustainable development. This study integrates current distribution data of G. elata with 56 environmental variables and uses the MaxEnt model to predict changes in its suitable habitats under current climate conditions and four future climate scenarios(SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0, and SSP5-8.5). The results show that October precipitation and December minimum temperature are key environmental factors influencing its distribution. Under the current climate, optimal habitats for G. elata are concentrated in montane forest areas in Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, and Hubei, which meet the species' requirements for understory growth. Across all future scenarios, the suitable habitat of G. elata consistently shows a stable northward shift, with a steady increase in suitable areas, extending to the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the Huang-Huai region, and even expanding into Liaoning, Jilin, and southern Heilongjiang. Land use analysis, taking into account the protection of arable land and the utilization of forest resources, indicates that by 2100, under future climate conditions, arable land in medium-to high-suitability areas is expected to increase by 30%-124%. While the conversion of non-suitable forest land into suitable habitats is projected to increase by 5%-52%, the growth of medium-to high-suitability areas within forests is relatively modest, ranging from 1% to 24%. These findings highlight the need to balance agricultural expansion with forest resource conservation to ensure the long-term sustainability of G. elata and provide scientific guidance for future suitable habitat management.
Ecosystem ; China ; Climate Change ; Gastrodia/growth & development* ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Plants, Medicinal/growth & development*

Patients suffering from nerve injury often experience exacerbated pain responses and complain of memory deficits. The dorsal hippocampus (dHPC), a well-defined region responsible for learning and memory, displays maladaptive plasticity upon injury, which is assumed to underlie pain hypersensitivity and cognitive deficits. However, much attention has thus far been paid to intracellular mechanisms of plasticity rather than extracellular alterations that might trigger and facilitate intracellular changes. Emerging evidence has shown that nerve injury alters the microarchitecture of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and decreases ECM rigidity in the dHPC. Despite this, it remains elusive which element of the ECM in the dHPC is affected and how it contributes to neuropathic pain and comorbid cognitive deficits. Laminin, a key element of the ECM, consists of α-, β-, and γ-chains and has been implicated in several pathophysiological processes. Here, we showed that peripheral nerve injury downregulates laminin β1 (LAMB1) in the dHPC. Silencing of hippocampal LAMB1 exacerbates pain sensitivity and induces cognitive dysfunction. Further mechanistic analysis revealed that loss of hippocampal LAMB1 causes dysregulated Src/NR2A signaling cascades via interaction with integrin β1, leading to decreased Ca²⁺ levels in pyramidal neurons, which in turn orchestrates structural and functional plasticity and eventually results in exaggerated pain responses and cognitive deficits. In this study, we shed new light on the functional capability of hippocampal ECM LAMB1 in the modulation of neuropathic pain and comorbid cognitive deficits, and reveal a mechanism that conveys extracellular alterations to intracellular plasticity. Moreover, we identified hippocampal LAMB1/integrin β1 signaling as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of neuropathic pain and related memory loss.
Animals ; Laminin/genetics* ; Hippocampus/metabolism* ; Neuralgia/metabolism* ; Cognitive Dysfunction/etiology* ; Male ; Peripheral Nerve Injuries/metabolism* ; Extracellular Matrix/metabolism* ; Integrin beta1/metabolism* ; Pyramidal Cells/metabolism* ; Signal Transduction

Postoperative infection of internal fixation of closed fractures the lower limbs in adults represents a devastating complication, characterized by diagnostic challenges, prolonged treatment duration and high disability rates. Current management of these infections faces multiple challenges, such as difficulties in early accurate diagnosis, and various controversies about the treatment plan, leading to poor overall diagnosis and treatment results. To address these issues, based on evidence-based medicine and principles with emphasis on scientific rigor, clinical applicability and innovation, the Trauma Branch of the Chinese Medical Association, Orthopedic Branch of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association, Orthopedics Branch of the Chinese Medical Association, and Trauma Orthopedics and Polytrauma Group of the Resuscitation and Emergency Committee of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association have collaboratively organized a panel of relevant experts to develop the Guideline for diagnosis and treatment of infection after internal fixation of closed lower limb fractures in adults ( version 2025). The guideline proposed 10 recommendations, aiming to provide a foundation for standardized diagnosis and treatment of postoperative infection in adults with closed lower limb fractures.

Objective To investigate the role of Sneathia sanguinegens(S.sanguinegens)in the development of unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion(URSA).Methods A case-control study was conducted to analyze the vaginal flora characteristics of 65 patients with URSA and 18 healthy controls through 16S rRNA gene sequencing.Toxicity profile of S.sanguinegens on human cervical cancer cells(ME-180),human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVEC)and human placental choriocarcinoma cells(JEG-3)was analyzed at the cellular level to assess the mechanism of it in adverse pregnancy outcomes.And S.sanguinegens was used to infect C57BL/6J mice to explore the toxic effect on living organisms.Results The relative abundance of Sneathia was increased in patients with URSA compared with healthy controls.It was positively correlated with the number of miscarriages,and was attributed to S.sanguinegens.We also found that S.sanguinegens damaged ME-180,JEG-3 and HUVEC cells.The degree of cellular damage was related to the level of S.sanguinegens added.Intravenous infection with S.sanguinegens caused inflammatory damage in several organs and extramedullary hematopoiesis in the spleen.Conclusion S.sanguinegens is closely related to URSA and should be emphasized in patients with high vaginal bacterial load.

The circadian clock plays a critical role in regulating various physiological processes, including gene expression, metabolic regulation, immune response, and the sleep-wake cycle in living organisms. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are crucial regulatory mechanisms to maintain the precise oscillation of the circadian clock. By modulating the stability, activity, cell localization and protein-protein interactions of core clock proteins, PTMs enable these proteins to respond dynamically to environmental and intracellular changes, thereby sustaining the periodic oscillations of the circadian clock. Different types of PTMs exert their effects through distincting molecular mechanisms, collectively ensuring the proper function of the circadian system. This review systematically summarized several major types of PTMs, including phosphorylation, acetylation, ubiquitination, SUMOylation and oxidative modification, and overviewed their roles in regulating the core clock proteins and the associated pathways, with the goals of providing a theoretical foundation for the deeper understanding of clock mechanisms and the treatment of diseases associated with circadian disruption.
Protein Processing, Post-Translational/physiology* ; Circadian Rhythm/physiology* ; Humans ; Animals ; CLOCK Proteins/physiology* ; Circadian Clocks/physiology* ; Phosphorylation ; Acetylation ; Ubiquitination ; Sumoylation

Compared to traditional machine learning algorithms,which often suffer from low feature extraction efficiency,insufficient nonlinear pattern recognition capabilities and slow training speeds,the broad learning system(BLS)enhances the learning ability and efficiency by horizontally expanding the network structure.BLS offers advantages such as a simple structure,fast training speed,and strong generalization capabilities.While BLS has demonstrated potential in various fields,but its application in identification of complex samples has not been fully explored.This research investigated the feasibility of using BLS algorithm for identification of complex samples based on physicochemical indicators.Using the iris,wine,and breast cancer datasets,the length and width of petals and sepals of iris flowers,the physicochemical properties of wine,and the nuclear characteristics of breast cancer cells were used as input variables to establish BLS models for identifying iris species,wine varieties,and benign versus malignant nucleus.The model performance was evaluated by confusion matrices,accuracy,and runtime.Compared with partial least squares-discriminant analysis(PLS-DA),soft independent modeling of class analogies(SIMCA),and artificial neural networks(ANN),the results indicated that BLS demonstrated significant advantages in computational efficiency and recognition accuracy.Thus,BLS was an efficient and reliable method for identification of complex samples.

AIM:To investigate the effects of early high-fat diet(HFD)on cognitive function and hippocam-pal lipidomic profile in transgenic mice bearing five familial Alzheimer disease mutant genes(5×FAD).METHODS:Eight-week-old SPF grade female wild-type(WT)mice were used as the contorl group,and 5×FAD mice were randomly divided into model(5×FAD)group and 5×FAD+HFD group,with 10 mice in each group.The 5×FAD+HFD group was orally given high-fat chow and the remaining 2 groups were given control chow for 12 weeks,and the change in body weight of the mice were recorded.Y-maze and Morris water maze tests were performed to measure the learning memory ability of the mice.Serum total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)levels were measured using a biochemical analyzer.Immunohistochemistry was per-formed to visualize amyloid β-protein(Aβ)plaques in brain tissues.Hippocampal levels of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-1β(IL-1β),IL-6,and Aβ were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Non-tar-geted lipidomic technology was used to measure the changes of hippocampal lipids.RESULTS:Compared with WT group,the mice in 5×FAD group lost significantly less weight(P<0.01)and spent significantly less time exploring the new arm of the Y-maze and the target quadrant of the water maze(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Brain Aβ plaques were significant-ly increased(P<0.01).Hippocampal levels of Aβ1-40,Aβ1-42,IL-1β and TNF-α were significantly elevated(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Compared with the 5×FAD group,the mice in the 5×FAD+HFD group showed significant increase in body weight(P<0.01)and time spent exploring the new arm of the Y-maze and the target quadrant of the water maze(P<0.01).Biochmeical analysis showed serum TC,LDL-C,HDL-C levels and HDL/TC ratio were significantly increased(P<0.05).Brain Aβ plaques were significantly reduced(P<0.05)and hippocampal Aβ1-40,Aβ1-42 and IL-1β levels were sig-nificantly decreased(P<0.05).Compared with the WT group,27 lipids were increased and 9 lipids were decreased in the 5×FAD group,involving the pathways such as cholesterol metabolism,fat digestion and absorption,regulation of lipolysis processes in adipocytes,and glycerophospholipid metabolism.Eighteen lipids were increased and 47 lipids were de-creased in the 5×FAD+HFD group compared to the 5×FAD group.Cardiolipin and TG were important lipids for separating the lipid profiles of the WT and 5×FAD groups,and TG was an important lipid for separating the lipid profiles of the 5×FAD and 5×FAD+HFD groups.Differential lipid enrichment analysis showed significant increase in TG lipid in the 5×FAD group compared with the WT group and significant decrease in TG lipid in the 5×FAD+HFD group compared with the 5×FAD group.CONCLUSION:Early HFD ameliorates cognitive function in 5×FAD mice by modifying TG metabolic disorder and attenuating neuroinflammation.

Objective:To investigate the possible mechanisms underlying the involvement of the gut microbiota metabolite trimethylamine oxide (TMAO) in the pathogenesis of chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) .Methods:From June 2023 to June 2024, 67 CSU patients were enrolled from the Dermatology and Cosmetic Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, and 69 age-matched healthy controls were also collected at the same time. Serum TMAO levels in both groups were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) , and D-dimer levels were collected from the CSU patients. A degranulation model was established in rat basophilic leukemia RBL-2H3 cells using anti-DNP IgE/DNP-BSA (IgE/Ag group) ; these cells were additionally grouped to be treated with different concentrations of TMAO (IgE/Ag+10 μmol/L TMAO group, IgE/Ag + 50 μmol/L TMAO group, IgE/Ag + 100 μmol/L TMAO group) ; untreated RBL-2H3 cells served as a blank control group. To investigate the effect of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation inhibitor U0126 on the action of TMAO, RBL-2H3 cells were divided into another 5 groups: blank group, IgE/Ag group, IgE/Ag + 1 μmol/L U0126 group, IgE/Ag + 100 μmol/L TMAO group, and IgE/Ag + 100 μmol/L TMAO + 1 μmol/L U0126 group. In vivo, a localized allergic reaction model was established in the ears of C57BL/6 mice using anti-DNP IgE/DNP-BSA (IgE/Ag group) , and additional groups included blank group, IgE group, IgE/Ag + solvent (DMSO) group, and IgE/Ag + 10 μg/μl TMAO group. ELISA was performed to detect levels of inflammatory mediators in cell culture supernatants and mouse serum. Toluidine blue staining was employed to observe mast cell degranulation in the cell experiment and mouse ear tissue samples, Evans blue staining to assess vascular permeability in mouse ear tissue samples, and Western blot analysis to detect the ERK phosphorylation levels. The t test was used for comparisons between two groups, and one-way analysis of variance for multiple comparisons. Results:Serum TMAO levels were significantly higher in the 67 CSU patients than in the 69 healthy controls ( t = 13.27, P < 0.001) . Among the 32 CSU patients with available data about D-dimer, serum TMAO levels were positively correlated with D-dimer levels ( r = 0.62, P < 0.001) . In RBL-2H3 cell experiments, degranulation rates were significantly higher in the IgE/Ag + 10, 50, and 100 μmol/L TMAO groups than in the IgE/Ag group; morphologically, RBL-2H3 cells treated with 10, 50, and 100 μmol/L TMAO became increasingly rounded; 50 and 100 μmol/L TMAO significantly promoted the production of β-hexosaminidase (β-Hex) , interleukin-6 (IL-6) , and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (all P < 0.01) , and upregulated ERK phosphorylation levels ( P < 0.01) ; the levels of ERK phosphorylation, IL-6, TNF-α, and β-Hex were significantly lower in the IgE/Ag + U0126 group than in the IgE/Ag group, as well as lower in the IgE/Ag + TMAO + U0126 group than in the IgE/Ag + TMAO group (all P < 0.001) . In the mouse model of localized allergic reaction, the IgE/Ag + TMAO group showed increased vascular permeability, edema degree, and mast cell degranulation, as well as significantly elevated ERK phosphorylation levels and TNF-α expression in mouse ear tissues compared with the IgE/Ag + DMSO group (both P < 0.05) . Conclusion:Elevated serum TMAO may participate in the pathogenesis of CSU by upregulating ERK phosphorylation levels in mast cells and skin tissues, thereby promoting IgE/Ag-mediated degranulation of effector cells and production of inflammatory mediators.

Objective:To investigate the possible mechanisms underlying the involvement of the gut microbiota metabolite trimethylamine oxide (TMAO) in the pathogenesis of chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) .Methods:From June 2023 to June 2024, 67 CSU patients were enrolled from the Dermatology and Cosmetic Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, and 69 age-matched healthy controls were also collected at the same time. Serum TMAO levels in both groups were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) , and D-dimer levels were collected from the CSU patients. A degranulation model was established in rat basophilic leukemia RBL-2H3 cells using anti-DNP IgE/DNP-BSA (IgE/Ag group) ; these cells were additionally grouped to be treated with different concentrations of TMAO (IgE/Ag+10 μmol/L TMAO group, IgE/Ag + 50 μmol/L TMAO group, IgE/Ag + 100 μmol/L TMAO group) ; untreated RBL-2H3 cells served as a blank control group. To investigate the effect of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation inhibitor U0126 on the action of TMAO, RBL-2H3 cells were divided into another 5 groups: blank group, IgE/Ag group, IgE/Ag + 1 μmol/L U0126 group, IgE/Ag + 100 μmol/L TMAO group, and IgE/Ag + 100 μmol/L TMAO + 1 μmol/L U0126 group. In vivo, a localized allergic reaction model was established in the ears of C57BL/6 mice using anti-DNP IgE/DNP-BSA (IgE/Ag group) , and additional groups included blank group, IgE group, IgE/Ag + solvent (DMSO) group, and IgE/Ag + 10 μg/μl TMAO group. ELISA was performed to detect levels of inflammatory mediators in cell culture supernatants and mouse serum. Toluidine blue staining was employed to observe mast cell degranulation in the cell experiment and mouse ear tissue samples, Evans blue staining to assess vascular permeability in mouse ear tissue samples, and Western blot analysis to detect the ERK phosphorylation levels. The t test was used for comparisons between two groups, and one-way analysis of variance for multiple comparisons. Results:Serum TMAO levels were significantly higher in the 67 CSU patients than in the 69 healthy controls ( t = 13.27, P < 0.001) . Among the 32 CSU patients with available data about D-dimer, serum TMAO levels were positively correlated with D-dimer levels ( r = 0.62, P < 0.001) . In RBL-2H3 cell experiments, degranulation rates were significantly higher in the IgE/Ag + 10, 50, and 100 μmol/L TMAO groups than in the IgE/Ag group; morphologically, RBL-2H3 cells treated with 10, 50, and 100 μmol/L TMAO became increasingly rounded; 50 and 100 μmol/L TMAO significantly promoted the production of β-hexosaminidase (β-Hex) , interleukin-6 (IL-6) , and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (all P < 0.01) , and upregulated ERK phosphorylation levels ( P < 0.01) ; the levels of ERK phosphorylation, IL-6, TNF-α, and β-Hex were significantly lower in the IgE/Ag + U0126 group than in the IgE/Ag group, as well as lower in the IgE/Ag + TMAO + U0126 group than in the IgE/Ag + TMAO group (all P < 0.001) . In the mouse model of localized allergic reaction, the IgE/Ag + TMAO group showed increased vascular permeability, edema degree, and mast cell degranulation, as well as significantly elevated ERK phosphorylation levels and TNF-α expression in mouse ear tissues compared with the IgE/Ag + DMSO group (both P < 0.05) . Conclusion:Elevated serum TMAO may participate in the pathogenesis of CSU by upregulating ERK phosphorylation levels in mast cells and skin tissues, thereby promoting IgE/Ag-mediated degranulation of effector cells and production of inflammatory mediators.