Animal experimentation constitutes a critical link between basic research and clinical application, making its research quality and translational efficiency paramount. Although considerable progress has been made in standardizing operational procedures and ethical guidelines, the standardization of outcome evaluation systems has significantly lagged, creating a key bottleneck that constrains the quality of biomedical research and evidence synthesis. This deficiency is manifested by pronounced heterogeneity in outcome selection across similar studies, incomplete methodological reporting, and disparate criteria for result interpretation, which severely impairs the comparability of findings and the evidence integration. To cope with this challenge, this paper systematically introduces a mature methodological tool from clinical research–the core outcome set (COS)–and explores its construction strategies and application potential in the field of animal experimentation. Given the extensive diversity of animal experiments, a pragmatic strategy of "focusing on key areas, implementing phased pilots, and promoting gradual expansion" should be adopted. This approach prioritizes the development of domain-specific COS for disease areas characterized by high research volume, urgent translational needs, and well-established animal models. A multi-source integration pathway for COS development is detailed, comprising systematic literature searches, methodological appraisals, and expert consensus, with the feasibility of leveraging artificial intelligence (AI) to enhance efficiency also being examined. The development and promotion of such COS are not intended to restrict scientific exploration; rather, they aim to establish a new, tiered evaluation paradigm consisting of "core outcomes" (mandatory), "recommended outcomes" (encouraged), and "exploratory outcomes" (optional). This framework is expected not only to enhance research quality through standardization and to adhere to the "3R" principles but also to accelerate the accumulation of high-quality evidence. This, in turn, provides a solid foundation for higher-level evidence synthesis, ultimately facilitating the effective translation of basic research findings into clinical practice and providing an essential methodological framework for scientific advancement in relevant disciplines.

Animal experiments are essential tools in biomedical research, serving as a bridge between basic research and clinical trials. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses (SRs/MAs) of animal experiments are crucial methods for integrating evidence from animal experiment, which can facilitate the translation of findings into clinical research, reduce translational risks, and promote resource integration in basic research. With the continuous development of the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology, its application in SRs/MAs of animal experiments has gained increasing attention. This article first outlines the principles and specific applications of the GRADE methodology in SRs/MAs of animal experiments, including qualitative descriptive systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and network meta-analyses. It then deeply analyzes the misuse of the GRADE methodology in practice, including incorrect evidence grading, improper classification of evidence, misapplication in qualitative systematic reviews, inconsistencies between the documentation of the upgrading and downgrading process and results, and inappropriate use for making recommendations. Furthermore, this article comprehensively discusses the factors influencing the grading of evidence certainty in SRs/MAs of animal experiments, including the impact of bias risk, indirectness, inconsistency, imprecision, and publication bias on evidence downgrading, as well as the role of large effect sizes and cross-species consistency in evidence upgrading. Finally, in response to the issues discussed, improvement strategies are proposed, including further research and optimization of the GRADE methodology for SRs/MAs of animal experiments, the development of reporting guidelines tailored to the characteristics of SRs/MAs in animal experiment research, and enhanced professional training for researchers in the GRADE methodology. This article aims to improve the quality of evidence in SRs/MAs of animal experiments, strengthen their reliability in clinical decision-making, and promote the more efficient translation of findings from animal experiment research into clinical practice.

OBJECTIVE: To quantitatively evaluate the accuracy of data obtained from liquid-interference surfaces using an intraoral 3D scanner (IOS) integrated with a compressed airflow system, so as to provide clinical proof of accuracy for the application of the compressed airflow system-based scanning head in improving data quality on liquid-interference surfaces. METHODS: The study selected a standard model as the scanning object, adhering to the "YY/T 1818-2022 Dental Science Intraoral Digital Impression Scanner" guidelines, a standard that defined parameters for intraoral scanning. To establish a baseline for accuracy, the ATOS Q 12M scanner, known for its high precision, was used to generate true reference values. These true values served as the benchmark for evaluating the IOS performance. Building on the design of an existing scanner, a new scanning head was developed to integrate with a compressed airflow system. This new design aimed to help the IOS capture high-precision data on surfaces where liquid-interference, such as saliva, might otherwise degrade scanning accuracy. The traditional scanning method, without airflow assistance, was employed as a control group for comparison. The study included five groups in total, one control group and four experimental groups, to investigate the effects of scanning lens obstruction, airflow presence, liquid media, and the use of the new scanning head on scanning process and accuracy. Each group underwent 15 scans, generating ample data for a robust statistical comparison. By evaluating trueness and precision in each group, the study assessed the impact of the compressed airflow system on the accuracy of IOS data collected from liquid-interference surfaces. Additionally, we selected Elite and Primescan scanners as references for numerical accuracy values. RESULTS: The scanning accuracy on liquid-interference surfaces was significantly reduced in terms of both trueness and precision [Trueness: 18.5 (6.5) vs. 38.0 (6.7), P < 0.05; Precision: 19.1 (8.5) vs. 31.7 (15.0), P < 0.05]. The use of the new scanning head assisted by the compressed airflow system significantly improved the scanning accuracy [Trueness: 22.3(7.6) vs. 38.0 (6.7), P < 0.05; Precision: 25.8 (9.6) vs. 31.7 (15.0), P < 0.05]. CONCLUSION The scanning head based on the compressed airflow system can assist in improving the accuracy of data obtained from liquid-interference surfaces by the IOS.
Imaging, Three-Dimensional/methods* ; Humans ; Dental Impression Technique/instrumentation*

Allergic rhinitis (AR), a globally prevalent immune-mediated inflammatory condition, is still an incurable disease. In the present study, we have validated the impact of the Kelch-like ECH associated protein 1 (Keap1)-related oxidative stress and inflammatory response in clinical AR patient peripheral blood and nasal swab samples, emphasizing the biological relevance of Keap1 and AR. Targeting Keap1 -nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) related anti-oxidative stress may be effective for AR intervention. Drawing inspiration from the Keap1 homodimerization and the E3 ligase characteristics, we herein present a design of novel bivalent molecules for chemical knockdown of Keap1. For the first time, we characterized ternary complexes of Keap1 dimer and one molecule of bivalent compounds. The best bivalent molecule 8 encompasses robust capacity to degrade Keap1 as a homoPROTAC^KEAP1. It efficaciously suppresses inflammatory cytokines in extensively different cells, including human nasal epithelial cells. Moreover, in an AR mouse model, we confirmed that the chemical degradation induced by homoPROTAC^KEAP1 led to therapeutic benefits in managing AR symptoms, oxidative stress and inflammation. In summary, our findings underscore the efficacy of targeting the Keap1 system through the homoPROTAC-ing technology as an innovative and promising treatment strategy for the incurable allergic disorders.

Natural products (NPs) have historically been a fundamental source for drug discovery. Yet the complex nature of NPs presents substantial challenges in pinpointing bioactive constituents, and corresponding targets. In the present study, an innovative natural product virtual screening-interaction-phenotype (NP-VIP) strategy that integrates virtual screening, chemical proteomics, and metabolomics to identify and validate the bioactive targets of NPs. This approach reduces false positive results and enhances the efficiency of target identification. Salvia miltiorrhiza (SM), a herb with recognized therapeutic potential against ischemic stroke (IS), was used to illustrate the workflow. Utilizing virtual screening, chemical proteomics, and metabolomics, potential therapeutic targets for SM in the IS treatment were identified, totaling 29, 100, and 78, respectively. Further analysis via the NP-VIP strategy highlighted five high-confidence targets, including poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1 (PARP1), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), amyloid precursor protein (APP), glutamate-ammonia ligase (GLUL), and glutamate decarboxylase 67 (GAD67). These targets were subsequently validated and found to play critical roles in the neuroprotective effects of SM. The study not only underscores the importance of SM in treating IS but also sets a precedent for NP research, proposing a comprehensive approach that could be adapted for broader pharmacological explorations.

When partial nephrectomy is performed by posterior abdominal approach, the surgical field is poorly exposed, resulting in increased surgical difficulty and risk of injury.In this study, 28 patients with T 1a stage kidney tumors underwent retroperitoneal laparoscopic partial nephrectomy. Intraoperatively, exposure of the surgical field was achieved using the percutaneous puncture of the renal fascia suspension technique. There were no dissatisfactory exposures due to peritoneal damage during the surgery, no additional tubes were inserted, and no conversions to open surgery were needed. The operation time was (76.5±20.3) minutes, blood loss was (92.1±18.7) ml, renal artery clamping time was (19.5±4.3) minutes. Postoperatively, there were no complications such as bleeding, infection, or hematuria.

Integrating evidence from animal experiments is a critical component of biomedical research, providing essential prior information for in-depth investigations of disease mechanisms and new drug development. Animal models have played an irreplaceable role in simulating human diseases. However, the integration of evidence from animal experiments has faced numerous challenges, including insufficient emphasis, significant heterogeneity in study designs, high publication bias, and discrepancies with clinical research practices. This paper first identifies existing issues in the original research evidence from animal experiments, such as the selection and applicability of animal models, considerations in the design of experimental studies, and factors influencing the translation of animal experimental evidence. It then discusses various methods for integrating this evidence, including systematic review and meta-analysis, overview of systematic review/umbrella review, scoping review, and evidence mapping, while highlighting recent advancements in their application. Finally, the paper addresses the main challenges currently encountered in the integration of evidence from animal experiments and proposes targeted improvement strategies aimed at enhancing the efficiency of translating research outcomes into clinical practice and promoting the advancement of evidence-based medicine. By continuously optimizing original experimental research protocols and evidence integration practices, this work aims to establish a more efficient and scientific environment for the synthesis of evidence from animal experiments, ultimately contributing to clinical trials and human health.

Objective:To explore the efficacy, safety, and feasibility of single port laparoscopic liver resection via umbilical cord, and summarize its surgical experience.Method:A retrospective analysis was conducted on 39 patients who underwent liver resection surgery at the Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from February 2022 to September 2023. There were 19 patients in the transumbilical single-port laparoscopic group, including 5 males and 14 females, aged (49.6±2.5) years. There were 20 patients in the multi-port laparoscopic group, including 7 males and 13 females, aged (49.9±3.1) years. The intraoperative blood loss, operation time, intestinal recovery time, postoperative hospital stay and postoperative complications were compared between the single-port group and multi-port group.Results:All 39 patients successfully completed the surgery without any additional foramen or conversion to open surgery. The operation time of the single hole group (166.3±59.0) min was longer than that of the multi-port group (123.2±48.0) min, and the difference was statistically significant ( t=2.50, P=0.020). There were no statistically significant differences in intraoperative blood loss, intestinal recovery time, postoperative hospital stay, and postoperative complications between these two groups (all P>0.05). All patients had no postoperative complications such as bleeding, infection, or bile leakage. Follow up for 3~21 months showed no recurrence of primary diseases such as hepatic hemangioma, hepatic adenoma, and intrahepatic bile duct stones. The aesthetic effect of the umbilical incision in the single orifice group was significant, and patient satisfaction was 100%. Conclusion:Umbilical single-port laparoscopic liver resection surgery is safe and feasible, with significant minimally invasive and aesthetic effects.

Medical institutions are not only the research and development end,but also the application end of innovative achievements,which makes the transformation of medical scientific and technological achievements different from the others in colleges and universities.It also faces new problems and challenges in ethical governance.Meanwhile,the ethics of promoting the transformation of medical scientific and technological achievements also needs to be paid attention to and maintained.Improving people's health level and quality of life are the ultimate ethical goals of process supervision.The objectives,systems,and behaviors of ethical evaluation need to have their own emphasis to avoid repeated evaluation,improve evaluation efficiency,and ensure the ethics of evaluation work itself.This paper discusses the specific classification and common forms of ethical challenges in the supervision of the transformation process of achievements in medical institutions.It is suggested to focus on ethical values to improve the legal system,clarify the relationship between the public welfare and transformation profitability of medical institutions,and explore new positions of the transformation advantages in medical institutions.

In fixed prosthodontics, clear exposure of the preparation margin is the prerequisite for obtaining accurate digital impressions and improving the marginal fit of restorations. To resolve the issues associated with the cord retraction technique, such as pain, acute injury, and prolonged procedural time, this study proposes a new technology for intraoral digital impression taking with pneumatic gingival retraction. The new scanning head blows a high-speed airflow that instantaneously separates the free gingiva, locally exposing the subgingival preparation margin. Combined with the farthest point preservation stitching algorithm based on the distance from the normal vector and high-speed laser scanning photography, it achieves global preparation edge data and gingival reconstruction, realizing painless, non-invasive, and efficient precise acquisition of the preparation margin. Using this new technique, a patient with a full porcelain crown restoration on a posterior tooth was treated. The digital impression revealed a clear margin of the preparation, and the crown made from this data has a good marginal fit.