ObjectiveTo comprehensively identify the O-methyltransferase （OMT） genes in Carthamus tinctorius and explore the key OMTs that can catalyze the methylation of flavonoids， providing a basis for understanding the molecular formation mechanism of the structural diversity of flavonoids in C. tinctorius. MethodsThe hidden Markov model was used to systematically identify the type Ⅰ OMTs from the high-quality genome data of C. tinctorius. A suite of bioinformatics tools was employed to systematically analyze the physicochemical properties， gene structure， conserved motifs， chromosomal localization， gene replication events， and collinearity of the identified genes. The target gene was heterologously expressed through the prokaryotic expression system of E. coli， and the protein function was verified by in vitro enzymatic reactions. ResultsA total of 31 type Ⅰ OMTs were identified. CtFOMT1 was successfully cloned and expressed in a soluble form in Escherichia coli. The recombinant protein was purified via Ni²⁺ affinity chromatography to obtain a high-concentration preparation. In vitro enzymatic assays demonstrated that CtFOMT1 utilized S-adenosylmethionine as the methyl donor to catalyze the methylation of the 4′-OH of naringenin， resulting in the production of isosakuranetin. A similar process occurred with the 4′-OH of luteolin， leading to the formation of diosmetin. Subsequent methylation of the 3′-OH group of diosmetin generated 4′-methylchrysoeriol. ConclusionCtFOMT1 can catalyze the methylation of 4′-/3′-OH in the flavonoid skeleton. It is hypothesized that CtFOMT1 may play a role in the biosynthesis of various 4′-/3′-oxymethyl flavonoids in C. tinctorius.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the influence of CYP2C19 gene polymorphism on platelet function and inflammatory cytokines in elderly patients with ischemic stroke， and to analyze potential factors associated with poor prognosis. METHODS A retrospective study was conducted on elderly patients with ischemic stroke admitted to our hospital from June 2024 to June 2025， wh o underwent CYP2C19 genotype testing and received antiplatelet therapy with clopidogrel. The levels of platelet function indicators and inflammatory cytokines before and after treatment were compared among patients with different metabolic phenotypes. Based on the prognosis at 6 months post-treatment， patients were divided into poor prognosis group and good prognosis group. Univariate analysis was performed on general data， metabolic phenotype， the levels of platelet function indicators and inflammatory cytokines. Variables with P ＜0.05 and the levels of inflammatory cytokines before treatment were included in a multivariate Logistic regression analysis to identify independent risk factors for poor prognosis. Multiple linear regression was used to further analyze the relationship between metabolic phenotypes and inflammatory cytokines. RESULTS A total of 448 elderly patients with ischemic stroke were included； among them， 162 cases were normal metabolic phenotype， 218 were intermediate metabolic phenotype， and 68 were poor metabolic phenotype. No rapid or ultrarapid metabolic phenotypes were observed. After treatment， platelet aggregation rate， the levels of P-selectin and platelet activated complex-1 （PAC-1）， high-sensitivity C-reactive Protein （hs-CRP）， interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） in the normal metabolic phenotype group， intermediate metabolic phenotype group， and poor metabolic phenotype group （except for platelet aggregation rate， and the levels of P-selectin and PAC-1 in the poor metabolic phenotype group） were significantly lower than those before treatment in the same group. Moreover， the above indicators in the normal metabolic phenotype group were significantly lower than those in the intermediate and poor metabolic phenotype groups at the corresponding time， and the levels of platelet function indicators in the intermediate metabolic phenotype group were significantly lower than those in the poor metabol ic phenotype group at the corresponding time （ P ＜0.05）. Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analyses showed that combined with hypertension， combined with diabetes mellitus， and intermediate or poor metabolic genotypes were independent risk factors for poor prognosis in elderly patients with ischemic stroke （ P ＜0.05）. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that serum levels of hs-CRP， IL-1β， IL-6 and TNF-α before treatment were significantly higher in patients with intermediate and poor metabolic genotypes compared to those with normal metabolic genotype （ P ＜0.05）， with a greater magnitude of increase in inflammatory cytokines observed in the patients with poor metabolic genotype. CONCLUSIONS The elderly ischemic stroke patients with CYP2C19 intermediate and poor metabolic genotypes have poor inhibition effect on platelet and higher levels of inflammatory cytokines than normal metabolic genotype； CYP2C19 gene polymorphism， and in combination with hypertension and diabetes， can be used as independent predictors of poor prognosis.

Objective To observe the effect of mild moxibustion at"Qihai","Guanyuan"and"Zhongji"on GnRH and its receptor in rats with gynecological cold coagulation and blood stasis syndrome(CCBS);To explore the mechanism of moxibustion on reproductive function of gynecological CCBS.Methods Totally 48 female SD rats were randomly divided into blank group,model group,moxibustion group,inhibitor group,inhibitor+moxibustion group and angonist group,with 8 rats in each group.The gynecological CCBS model was prepared by ice bath and adrenalin injection.GnRHant or GnRHa injection and mild moxibustion intervention were given to each treatment group.The score of CCBS symptoms and the amount of microcirculation blood perfusion in uterus were detected,the morphology of ovarian tissue and uterine tissue were observed by HE staining,serum reproductive hormones(GnRH,FSH,LH)and neurotransmitters(DA,GABA)contents were detected by ELISA,the expressions of GnRHR,FSHR and LHR mRNA and protein in ovarian and uterine tissue were detected by immunohistochemistry,RT-qPCR and Western blot.Results Compared with the blank group,the symptom score of CCBS in model group was significantly increased,the amount of microcirculation blood perfusion in uterus was decreased,the ovarian follicles were decreased,and the endometrial epithelium was thinner and the structure was chaotic,the contents of serum GnRH,FSH,LH,GABA decreased,DA content increased;the mRNA and protein expressions of GnRHR,FSHR and LHR in ovarian tissue decreased(P<0.01).Compared with the model group,the symptom score of CCBS in each intervention group were significantly decreased,the amount of microcirculation blood perfusion in uterus increased,ovarian follicles increased,endometrium thickened and glands increased,the contents of serum GnRH,FSH,LH,GABA increased,DA content decreased;the mRNA and protein expressions of GnRHR,FSHR and LHR were increased(P<0.05,P<0.01).Conclusion Moxibustion can regulate GnRH and its receptor and improve HPO axis function by regulating neurotransmitters,so as to improve the general state and reproductive function of gynecological CCBS model rats.

Objective To retrospectively analyze the clinical risk factors and prognosis of perioperative myocardial injury(MINS)in non-cardiac surgery patients admitted to the intensive care unit(ICU).Methods A total of 478 postoperative patients admitted to the Department of Intensive Medicine,Minhang Hospital,Fudan University from Jan 2020 to Dec 2023 were selected.They were divided into MINS group(n=302)and normal group(n=176)based on whether myocardial injury occurred within 7 days after surgery.The differences in clinical characteristics between the two groups were compared,and risk factors for perioperative myocardial injury were identified.Risk factors for mortality in the MINS group were analyzed with 30-day mortality as the clinical endpoint.Results The prevalence of acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ(Apache Ⅱ)score,coronary artery disease,and chronic kidney disease were all higher in the MINS group than those in the normal group,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).The proportion of emergency surgeries,co-infection,and perioperative hypotension were significantly different between the MINS group and the normal group(P<0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that chronic kidney disease,emergency surgery,co-infection,and intraoperative and postoperative hypotension were risk factors for MINS occurrence.Prognostic analysis indicated that perioperative hypotension was a risk factor for 30-day mortality in MINS patients.Conclusion MINS is closely associated with patients'underlying conditions,timing of surgery,and perioperative hypotension status,and especially perioperative hypotension affects the final outcomes.

BACKGROUND:Large deep burn wounds are often accompanied by scar hyperplasia after healing,requiring transplantation of medium-thickness skin for repair,and the medium-thickness skin slices taken generally reach below the papillary layer of the dermis.If not handled correctly,complications such as delayed healing,ulceration,and post-healing pain and itching in the donor area can easily occur.Therefore,the repair of wounds in the donor area should be emphasized.OBJECTIVE:To observe the safety and practicability of autologous scalp repair of skin donor area in patients with deep burns and scarring.METHODS:Sixty patients with deep burn and scar hyperplasia admitted to the Burn Department of Zhengzhou First People's Hospital from January 2021 to September 2023 were selected as the study subjects.They all needed medium-thickness skin transplantation and repair,and were divided into study group(n=30)and control group(n=30)according to random systematic sampling method.The skin was taken from the patient's own medium-thickness skin on the leg or back.In the study group,the skin donor area was repaired with self-blade thick scalp replantation,and in the control group,the skin donor area was repaired with absorbent dressing.The wound healing rate and the time to complete epithelialization of the wound were observed and compared in the two groups 6 days after surgery.The pain of dressing change at 3 and 6 days after surgery and scar hyperplasia in the skin donor area at 6 months after surgery were compared between two groups.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the control group,the time to complete epithelialization of the wound was significantly lower in the study group(P<0.05),and the wound healing rate was significantly higher in the study group(P<0.05),the pain score for dressing change at 3 and 6 days after surgery was significantly lower in the study group(P<0.05),and the scar hyperplasia rate,scar score and itch score were also significantly lower in the study group(P<0.05)at 6 months after surgery.In conclusion,autologous scalp repair of the medium-thickness skin donor area can accelerate wound healing and reduce scar hyperplasia.

Early screening of tumors is crucial for prevention and treatment of cancer,thus identifying effective biomarkers is of great importance for early diagnosis of tumors.In recent years,tumor-secreted exosomes(Exos)have attracted widespread attention as a novel biomarker for tumor liquid biopsy.Especially,some specific proteins contained in Exos play important roles in the occurrence,development,metastasis and microenvironment regulation of tumors,indicating their enormous potential as potential diagnostic biomarkers for tumors.Compared to traditional biopsy sample testing,exosome-based protein detection methods exhibit significant advantages in liquid biopsy,including rapid sampling,easy operation,non-invasiveness,and feasibility for early detection,holding important application value for clinical diagnosis of tumors.This review aimed to comprehensively summarize and discuss various detection strategies for exosomal proteins in liquid biopsy for tumors,while comprehensively evaluating the analytical performance of these methods.Meanwhile,new perspectives and strategies for early diagnosis and treatment of tumors were discussed.Additionally,the unique advantages of exosomal proteins as a new generation of non-invasive diagnostic biomarkers and insights into their promising prospects for future clinical applications were emphasized.

Objective:To explore the clinical efficacy of staged reconstruction with anterolateral thigh flap (ALTF) for wrist-forearm soft tissue defects of electrical burns.Methods:A retrospective observational study was conducted on 10 patients who had wrist-forearm soft tissue defects after electrical burns and were admitted in the Department of Burns, Zhengzhou First People's Hospital from January 2019 to December 2022. The patients were 6 males and 4 females, aged 8 to 64 years. All the patients were third-and-fourth degree electrical burns. Debridement was performed to remove the necrotic tissues around the wound in stage I surgery. Area of the wound after debridement ranged from 15 cm×11 cm to 31 cm×20 cm. According to the condition of wrist-forearm injury, the wounds with relatively mild injury were retained. Free ALTF was used to cover the wound surface. Size of the flaps ranged from 16 cm×12 cm to 32 cm×21 cm. The descending branch of lateral circumflex femoral artery and the accompanying veins carried by the flap were anastomosed end-to-end with the radial artery and vein or ulnar artery and vein in the recipient site, respectively. Conditions of other vessels were explored. The great saphenous veins in a length of 10-18 cm was used to bridge the occluded arteries. The donor sites were covered by medium thick skin grafts from trunk. After survival of the flap, stage Ⅱ surgery was carried out to debride the wound temporarily retained in stage I surgery and to thin the flap, then had all the wound covered with the thinned flap. Follow-ups were conducted at outpatient clinic, and via telephone and WeChat interviews. The limb salvage, flap survival, vascular compromise and other complications, as well as the donor site healing were observed. The wound coverage rate of the thinned flap. The appearance of flap, donor site scar hyperplasia, the patient satisfaction with the shape and function of the donor site at 6 months after the stage Ⅱ surgery were evaluated. Likert scale was employed to evaluate the patient satisfaction. The Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire (MHQ) and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) were used to evaluate the upper limb function in daily life of the patients.Results:The limb salvages in the 10 patients were all successful, and the flaps survived without any postoperative event of vascular compromise or other complication. One patient had mild cyanosis at the edges of flap after surgery and regressed at 7 days later. One flap had poor blood circulation and partial necrosis. The thinned flaps covered the wound completely after the stage-Ⅱ flap thinning surgery. The postoperative follow-up period was 6.0-7.0 months. All skin grafts in the donor sites survived well. The thinned flaps of stage Ⅱ surgery achieved 100% in wound coverage rate. At 6 months after surgery, the colour and texture of the flaps were about the same as those of the normal skin of the upper limb. There were linear scars in both of donor and recipient sites. Four patients were satisfactory to the postoperative appearance and function of the donor site and 6 patients were very satisfactory. MHQ scores were 49-82 (mean, 74) points; DASH scores were 27-45 (mean, 32) points.Conclusion:Reconstruction of the wounds in wrist-forearm soft tissue defects of electrical burns with ALTF in staged surgery, can improve the function and aesthetics of the wrist-forearm. It is a good method.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine and metabolic disorder affecting a substantial proportion of women of reproductive age. It is frequently associated with ovulatory dysfunction, infertility, and an increased risk of chronic metabolic diseases. A hallmark pathological feature of PCOS is the arrest of follicular development, closely linked to impaired intercellular communication between the oocyte and surrounding granulosa cells. Transzonal projections (TZPs) are specialized cytoplasmic extensions derived from granulosa cells that penetrate the zona pellucida to establish direct contact with the oocyte. These structures serve as essential conduits for the transfer of metabolites, signaling molecules (e.g., cAMP, cGMP), and regulatory factors (e.g., microRNAs, growth differentiation factors), thereby maintaining meiotic arrest, facilitating metabolic cooperation, and supporting gene expression regulation in the oocyte. The proper formation and maintenance of TZPs depend on the cytoskeletal integrity of granulosa cells and the regulated expression of key connexins, particularly CX37 and CX43. Recent studies have revealed that in PCOS, TZPs exhibit significant structural and functional abnormalities. Contributing factors—such as hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, and dysregulation of critical signaling pathways (including PI3K/Akt, Wnt/β‑catenin, and MAPK/ERK)—collectively impair TZP integrity and reduce their formation. This disruption in granulosa-oocyte communication compromises oocyte quality and contributes to follicular arrest and anovulation. This review provides a comprehensive overview of TZP biology, including their formation mechanisms, molecular composition, and stage-specific dynamics during folliculogenesis. We highlight the pathological alterations in TZPs observed in PCOS and elucidate how endocrine and metabolic disturbances—particularly androgen excess and hyperinsulinemia—downregulate CX43 expression and impair gap junction function, thereby exacerbating ovarian microenvironmental dysfunction. Furthermore, we explore emerging therapeutic strategies aimed at preserving or restoring TZP integrity. Anti-androgen therapies (e.g., spironolactone, flutamide), insulin sensitizers (e.g., metformin), and GLP-1 receptor agonists (e.g., liraglutide) have shown potential in modulating connexin expression and enhancing granulosa-oocyte communication. In addition, agents such as melatonin, AMPK activators, and GDF9/BMP15 analogs may promote TZP formation and improve oocyte competence. Advanced technologies, including ovarian organoid models and CRISPR-based gene editing, offer promising platforms for studying TZP regulation and developing targeted interventions. In summary, TZPs are indispensable for maintaining follicular homeostasis, and their disruption plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of PCOS-related folliculogenesis failure. Targeting TZP integrity represents a promising therapeutic avenue in PCOS management and warrants further mechanistic and translational investigation.

Bovine rotavirus(BRV)is an important pathogen causing diarrhea in calves.To understand the genomic charac-teristics and genetic variations in bovine rotavirus,and to further enrich data on the biological characteristics of rotavirus,we aimed to amplify 11 gene segments of the isolated and cultured G6P[1]bovine rotavirus BLL strain,perform whole genome se-quencing,and analyze the molecular characteristics.MEGA7.0 and DNAMAN software were used for homology and typing a-nalysis,and the whole genome phylogenetic tree was constructed to analyze genetic evolution relationships.The complete geno-type of the BLL strain was G6-P[1]-I2-R2-C2-M2-A3-N2-T6-E2-H3.Phylogenetic analysis of the VP7 and VP4 genes of the BLL strain showed that the VP7 gene had the highest homology with RVA/Cow-wt/HB01/China/2021,and the VP4 gene of the BLL strain was in the same branch as RVA/Human-tc/ISR/Ro8059/1995.From the sequence alignment of VP8*amino acids,the sialic acid domain of the BLL strain was found to be similar to that in other P[1]strains,but different from those in other types of strains,except for residue 189,which was the same as that in Ro8059 but different from that in other strains.The results suggested that the BLL strain might potentially infect humans.Therefore,continued monitoring and study of the biological characteristics of this strain are necessary to provide more information and evidence supporting further research on the cross-species transmission of group A rotavirus in China.

Objective To explore the current situation,hot spots and trends of clinical research on the treatment of carotid atherosclerosis(CAS)with traditional Chinese medicine.Methods Search CNKI,Wanfang,VIP,Web of Science core collection database related literature,using Python 3.9.6 cleaning data,using CiteSpace and VOSviewer for visual analysis of authors,institutions,keywords,etc.Results 910 Chinese literatures and 5 English literatures were included.The most published authors were Wang Changyin and Yin Chunping,and the institution was Handan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Hebei Province.The cooperation between institutions was independent and regional.Research focus on:phlegm stasis interjunction,dyslipidemia,inflammatory factors,vascular endothelial function,nerve function defect,Banxia Baizhu Tianma decoction,coronary heart disease and so on;The treatment of CAS from"interjunction of phlegm and blood stasis"will continue to become a research hotspot in this field.Conclusion The clinical research of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of CAS should be closely combined with the observation of curative effect and the revelation of mechanism,and the law of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of CAS should be explored.In the future,the treatment of CAS should focus on the treatment of"phlegm and blood stasis",and the pathogenesis principle of"phlegm and blood stasis",the efficacy and mechanism of resolving phlegm and removing blood stasis in the treatment of CAS should be systematically and deeply explored.