Objective: To investigate the clinicopathological features of perivascular epithelioid cell tumor (PEComa) of the lung. Methods: Eight PEComa cases of the lung diagnosed at the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China from July 2008 to December 2021 were collected and subject to immunohistochemical staining, fluorescence in situ hybridization and next generation sequencing. The relevant literature was reviewed and the clinicopathological features were analyzed. Results: There were 5 males and 3 females, aged from 18 to 70 years (mean 39 years). There were 3 cases of the right upper lung, 3 cases of the left lower lung, 1 case of the left upper lung and 1 case of the right middle lung. Seven cases were solitary and 1 case was multifocal (4 lesions). Seven cases were benign while one was malignant. The tumors were all located in the peripheral part of the lung, with a maximum diameter of 0.2-4.0 cm. Grossly, they were oval and well circumscribed. Microscopically, the tumor cells were oval, short spindle-shaped, arranged in solid nests, acinar or hemangiopericytoma-like patterns, with clear or eosinophilic cytoplasm. The stroma was rich in blood vessels with hyalinization. Coagulated necrosis and high-grade nuclei were seen in the malignant case, and calcification was seen in 2 cases. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were positive for Melan A (8/8), HMB45 (7/8), CD34 (6/8), TFE3 (4/7), and SMA (3/8). All cases were negative for CKpan and S-100. TFE3 (Xp11.2) gene fusion was examined using the TFE3 break-apart fluorescence in situ hybridization in 5 cases, in which only the malignant case was positive. The next generation sequencing revealed the SFPQ-TFE3 [t(X;1)(p11.2;p34)] fusion. Follow-up of the patients ranged from 12 to 173 months while one patient was lost to the follow-up. The malignant case had tumor metastasis to the brain 4 years after the operation and then received radiotherapy. Other 6 cases had no recurrence and metastasis, and all the 7 patients survived. Conclusions: Most of the PEComas of the lung are benign. When there are malignant morphological features such as necrosis, high-grade nuclei or SFPQ-TFE3 gene fusion, close follow-up seems necessary.
Male ; Female ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Perivascular Epithelioid Cell Neoplasms/pathology* ; Lung/pathology* ; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors/genetics* ; Necrosis ; Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis*

Adult ; Brain ; Brain Diseases ; Heat Stroke ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Retrospective Studies

Adult ; Air Pollutants, Occupational ; Humans ; Lung ; Male ; Occupational Diseases ; Occupational Exposure ; Vital Capacity ; Welding

Precision medicine became the key strategy in development priority of science and technology in China. The large population-based cohorts become valuable resources in preventing and treating major diseases in the population, which can contribute scientific evidence for personalized treatment and precise prevention. The fundamental question of the achievements above, therefore, is how to construct a large population-based cohort in a standardized way. The Chinese Preventive Medicine Association co-ordinated experienced researchers from Peking University and other well-known institutes to write up two group standards Technical specification of data processing for large population-based cohort study (T/CPMA 001-2018) and Technical specification of data security for large population-based cohort study (T/CPMA 002-2018), on data management. The standards are drafted with principles of emphasizing their scientific, normative, feasible, and generalizable nature. In these two standards, the key principles are proposed, and technical specifications are recommended in data standardization, cleansing, quality control, data integration, data privacy protection, and database security and stability management in large cohort studies. The standards aim to guide the large population-based cohorts that have been or intended to be established in China, including national cohorts, regional population cohorts, and special population cohorts, hence, to improve domestic scientific research level and the international influence, and to support decision-making and practice of disease prevention and control.
China ; Cohort Studies ; Delivery of Health Care ; Humans ; Population Surveillance ; Quality Control ; Reference Standards

Objective: To understand the epidemiological and etiological characteristics of outbreaks on acute gastroenteritis caused by sapovirus (SaV) worldwide. Methods: Literature about the outbreaks on acute gastroenteritis caused by SaV were retrieved from the databases including WanFang, CNKI, PubMed and Web of Science after evaluation. Time, geography, setting and population distributions of outbreaks, transmission mode, SaV genotype and clinical characteristics of the patients were analyzed. Results: A total of 34 papers about SaV were included, involving 146 outbreaks occurred between October 1976 and April 2016. In these papers, 138 outbreaks were reported on the related months. All these outbreaks occurred in northern hemisphere. SaV outbreaks occurred all year around, but mainly in cold season, the incidence was highest in December (25 outbreaks) and lowest in in August (2 outbreaks). Most outbreaks were reported by Japan, followed by Canada, the United States of America and the Netherlands. There were 141 outbreaks for which the occurring settings were reported, child-care settings were most commonly reported setting (48/141, 34.04%), followed by long-term care facility (41/141, 29.08%) and hospital (16/141, 11.35%). Clinical symptoms of 1 704 cases in 31 outbreaks were reported, with the most common symptom was diarrhea (1 331/1 704, 78.12%), followed by nausea (829/1 198, 69.20%), abdominal pain (840/1 328, 63.25%), vomiting (824/1 704, 48.36%) and fever (529/1 531, 34.53%). Genotypes of SaV were determined for 119 outbreaks. GⅠ(51/119, 42.86%) and GⅣ (45/119, 37.82%) were predominant. The outbreaks of GⅣ SaV increased suddenly in 2007, and the outbreaks of GⅠ SaV mainly occurred in 2008 and during 2011-2013. Conclusions: SaV outbreaks were reported mainly by developed countries, with most outbreaks occurred in cold season, in child-care settings and long term care facility. GⅠ and GⅣ were the most common genotypes of SaV. Prevention and control of SaV outbreak in China seemed relatively weak, and it is necessary to conduct related training and to strengthen the SaV outbreak surveillance in areas where service is in need.
Caliciviridae Infections/virology* ; Child ; China/epidemiology* ; Disease Outbreaks ; Feces/virology* ; Gastroenteritis/virology* ; Genotype ; Humans ; Phylogeny ; RNA, Viral/genetics* ; Sapovirus/isolation & purification* ; Sequence Analysis, DNA

Objective: To study the relationship between the age of menarche and the near-term/long-term obesity in adult women. Methods: We analyzed the baseline data of 30 895 women with complete data on menarche and body measurement that was from the China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB) study from 2004 to 2008. The age of menarche was divided into three groups: ≤12, 13-16 and ≥17 years old. Prematurity was set at age ≤12 years. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the effects of menarche age on the near/long-term obesity in female adults. Results: The average menarche age of respondent appeared as (15.64±1.92) years old, with prematurity number as 1 421, accounting for 4.6% of the total numbers. Regarding the postponing of dates of birth, the age of menarche in women showed an advancing tendency. Among all the adult women under study, 803 developed near-term obesity, with the prevalence as 2.6%, while the number of long-term obesity was 3 738, accounting for 12.1%. Refining factors of age, lifestyle, menopausal status, hypertension and diabetes showed that the menarche age was related to the risks of both short-term and long-term obesity in women and the ORs (95%CI) were 2.45 (1.74-3.45) and 1.99 (1.69-2.34), respectively. There was no multiplicative interaction shown between the menarche age and menopausal status on long-term obesity (P=0.324). Conclusion: Premature menarche appeared a risk factor for near-term/long-term obesity in adult females.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Factors ; China/epidemiology* ; Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology* ; Female ; Humans ; Menarche ; Obesity/epidemiology* ; Risk Factors

Objective: To explore the relationship between environmental factors as urinary cadmium and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) in adults. Methods: Case-control study was adopted, including 166 cases and 427 controls. General characteristics of the subjects were collected by a structured questionnaire. FPG, biochemical indexes and urinary cadmium (UCd) were detected respectively, while UCd was corrected with creatinine. Unconditioned logistic regression model was applied to analyze the relationship between UCd and DM. Results: Levels of UCd appeared higher in cases with the following characteristics as: having primary school education (P=0.016), being female (P=0.013), being non-smokers (P=0.014) or non-alcoholic (P=0.025), and with BMI>25.00 kg/m(2) (P=0.040, P=0.025) than those appeared in the control group. Same results were shown in the 60-69 years (P=0.024) old group. Data from the unconditional logistic regression analysis showed that family history of DM (OR=3.19, 95%CI: 1.45-7.03), education status (OR=1.50,95%CI: 1.08-2.08) and UCd (OR=1.61, 95%CI: 1.08-2.41) were influencing factors on DM. Conclusion: A close association between UCd and DM was noticed. UCd appeared a risk factor on DM that called for setting up related prevention program to reduce the exposure of Cd and to control the risk on DM.
Adult ; Cadmium/urine* ; Case-Control Studies ; China/epidemiology* ; Creatinine ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/epidemiology* ; Female ; Humans ; Risk Factors ; Socioeconomic Factors

Objective: On whole-genome scale, we tried to explore the correlation between obesity-related traits and DNA methylation sites, based on discordant monozygotic twin pairs. Methods: A total of 90 pairs of 6-17 year-old twins were recruited in Chaoyang district, Yanqing district and Fangshan district in Beijing in 2016. Information on twins was gathered through a self-designed questionnaire and results: from physical examination, including height, weight and waist circumference of the subjects under study. DNA methylation detection was chosen on the Illumina Human Methylation EPIC BeadChip. R 3.3.1 language was used to read the DNA methylation signal under quality control on samples and probes. Ebayes function of empirical Bayes paired moderated t-test was used to identify the differential methylated CpG sites (DMCs). VarFit function of empirical Bayes paired moderated Levene test was used to identify the differentially variables CpG sits (DVCs) in obese and normal groups. Results According to the obesity discordance criteria, we collected 23 pairs of twins (age range 7 to 16 years), including 12 male pairs. A total of 817 471 qualified CpG loci were included in the genome-wide correlation analysis. According to the significance level of FDR set as <0.05, no positive sites would meet this standard. When DMC CpG site cg05684382, with the smallest P value (1.26E-06) as on chromosome 12, the DVC CpG site cg26188191 with the smallest P value (6.44E-06) appeared in CMIP gene on chromosome 16. Conclusions: In this study, we analyzed the genome-wide DNA methylation and its correlation with obesity traits. After multiple testing corrections, no positive sites were found to have associated with obesity. However, results from the correlation analysis demonstrated sites cg05684382 (chr: 12) and cg26188191 (chr: 16) might have played a role in the development of obesity. This study provides a methodologic reference for the studies on discordance twins related problems.
Adolescent ; Bayes Theorem ; Beijing ; Body Weight ; Child ; DNA Methylation/genetics* ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Female ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Humans ; Male ; Obesity/genetics* ; Twins, Monozygotic ; Waist Circumference

Objective: To assess the association and intensity of baseline TC level with the incidence of lung cancer in men in China. Methods: Since May 2006, all the male workers, including the employees and the retirees in Kailuan Group were recruited in the Kailuan male dynamic cohort study. Information about demographics, medical history, anthropometry and TC level were collected at the baseline interview, as well as the information of newly-diagnosed lung cancer cases during the follow-up period. According to guidelines for blood lipids in Chinese adults and the distribution in the population, TC level was classified into five groups as followed: <160, 160-, 180-, 200- and ≥240 mg/dl, with the second quintile group (160- mg/dl) serving as the referent category. Cox proportional hazards regression model and restricted cubic spline (RCS) model were used to evaluate the association and the nonlinear association between baseline TC level and the risk of lung cancer in the men. Results: By December 31, 2014, for the 109 884 men, a follow up of 763 819.25 person-years was made with a median follow-up period of 7.88 years. During the follow up, 808 lung cancer cases were identified. After adjustment for age, education level, income level, smoking status, alcohol consumption level, history of dust exposure, FPG level and BMI, HR (95%CI) of lung cancer for men with lower TC level (<160 mg/dl) and higher TC level (≥240 mg/dl) were 1.34 (1.04- 1.72) and 1.45 (1.09-1.92), respectively, compared with men with normal TC level (160- mg/dl). The results didn't change significantly after exclusion of newly diagnosed cancer cases within 2 years of follow up and subjects with the history of hyperlipidemia. Conclusion: Our results showed that TC might be associated with higher risk of lung cancer. Men with lower TC level or higher TC level had higher risk for lung cancer. Keep moderate TC level might be one of the effective precaution for the prevention of lung cancer.
Adult ; Asian People ; China/epidemiology* ; Cholesterol/blood* ; Cohort Studies ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lipids ; Lung Neoplasms/ethnology* ; Male ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Prospective Studies ; Risk Factors

Objective: To explore the effect of BMI and waist circumference on diabetes of adults. Methods: After excluding participants with heart disease, stroke, cancer and diabetes at baseline study, 53 916 people aged 30-79 in the China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB) study from Tongxiang city of Zhejiang province were recruited. Cox regression model was used to estimate the hazards ratios (HR) for the associations of baseline BMI and waist circumference with incident diabetes. Results: Among 391 512 person-years of the follow-up program between 2004 and 2013 (median 7.26 years), a total of 944 men and 1 643 women were diagnosed as having diabetes. Compared to those with normal weight, after adjusting for known or potential factors, HR of both overweight and obesity in men for incident diabetes appeared as 2.72 (95%CI: 2.47-2.99) and 6.27 (95%CI: 5.33-7.36), respectively. The corresponding figures in women were 2.19 (95%CI: 2.04-2.36) and 3.78 (95%CI: 3.36-4.26). Compared to those with normal waist circumference, after adjusting for known or potential factors, HR of Ⅰgrade andⅡgrade in men for diabetes were 2.56 (95%CI: 2.22-2.95) and 4.66 (95%CI: 4.14-5.24), respectively. The corresponding figures in women were 1.99 (95%CI: 1.80-2.21) and 3.16 (95%CI: 2.90-3.44), respectively. Conclusions: Overweight, obesity and central obesity were all associated with the increased incident of diabetes. Strategies on diabetes prevention should include not only losing weight, but reducing waist circumference as well.
Adult ; Aged ; Body Mass Index ; China/epidemiology* ; Diabetes Mellitus/ethnology* ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Obesity/epidemiology* ; Obesity, Abdominal/epidemiology* ; Overweight/epidemiology* ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Prospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Waist Circumference