Compared with conventional vaccines, mRNA vaccines have considerable advantages in design, production, and application, especially in dealing with emerging infectious diseases. Particularly, mRNA vaccines were the first to be recommended by the World Health Organization for emergency use during the COVID-19 pandemic. A key to the design of mRNA vaccines is to ensure the stable and sufficient expression of the encoded protein in the recipient. In recent years, advances have been attained in the experimental and computational research in this area. This review focused on the progress and problems in improving the translation efficiency of mRNA vaccines in recent years, aiming to promote related research.
mRNA Vaccines ; Humans ; Protein Biosynthesis ; Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology* ; COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology* ; COVID-19/prevention & control* ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics* ; RNA, Messenger/genetics*

Objective To study the interaction between human microRNA ( miRNA) and 5′trailer regions of Ebola virus genome from the perspective of bioinformatics so as to facilitate prevention and treatment of Ebola virus .Method The miRNA target prediction software Pita and RNAhybrid were used to predict the human miRNAs which could bind the 5′trailer regions of Ebola virus genomes before the miRNAs were annotated by g:Profiler web server .Results and Conclusion There may be complex interactions between human miRNAs and the 5′trailer regions of Ebola virus .Previous reports about the interaction between host miRNA and 5′trailer region of virus genome suggest that the interaction between human miRNA and 5′trailer region of Ebola virus may have effect on replication of Ebola virus and human cells .This work may provide new ideas on prevention and treatment of Ebola virus .

Objective To conduct a pilot study on genome-wide in vivo protein-RNA interactions in E.coli.Methods Bacterial lysate was treated with RNase before the RNA fragments protected by proteins were extracted from treated lysate and used to construct cDNA library that was applied to high-throughput sequencing .Finally, the transcripts bound by proteins were obtained by bioinformatics analysis .Results A total of 3193 transcripts were obtained , including 2234 mRNAs, 47 sRNAs, 39 tRNAs, 11 rRNAs, and 862 intergenic regions .Conclusion Some information of transcripts interacting with proteins in E.coli is acquired , which will facilitate further studies of protein-RNA interactions .