AIM: To investigate the epidemiological characteristics and changing trends of myopia among children and adolescents in Bijie from 2021 to 2025, and to provide scientific evidence for formulating regional myopia prevention and control strategies.METHODS:This was a longitudinal cross-sectional study. Stratified cluster sampling method was used to select students from 48 primary schools, 25 middle schools, and 8 high schools from urban and rural districts and counties of Bijie. From 2021 to 2025, annual examinations were performed, including uncorrected visual acuity, corrected visual acuity, corneal curvature, refractive error, axial length, and fundus examination. Questionnaires were also administered to collect information on visual health-related influencing factors. Myopia was defined as spherical equivalent refraction(SE)≤-0.50 D under non-cycloplegic autorefraction. The multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the myopia status and its influencing factors among children and adolescents.RESULTS: From 2021 to 2025, the age- and sex-standardized myopia prevalence rates among children and adolescents in Bijie were 42.37%, 44.57%, 47.32%, 49.98%, and 52.91%, respectively, showing a significant upward trend year by year(P<0.001). The overall standardized myopia prevalence rate was 47.61%. The myopia rate increased with higher educational stage, and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.001). The myopia rates in girls were higher than those in boys over the 5 y, with statistically significant differences(P<0.001). Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified gender(female vs male: OR=1.17, 95%CI: 1.15-1.19), school stage(junior high school vs primary school: OR=2.14, 95%CI: 2.09-2.19; senior high school vs primary school: OR=3.60, 95%CI: 3.53-3.68), daily outdoor activity time <2 h(OR=3.25, 95%CI: 2.98-3.54), both parents with myopia(OR=2.87, 95%CI: 2.63-3.13), daily near work time ≥4 h(OR=2.56, 95%CI: 2.35-2.79), electronic screen use ≥2 h/d(OR=2.18, 95%CI: 2.01-2.37), incorrect reading and writing posture(OR=3.94, 95%CI: 3.87-4.02), residence in a karst landform region(OR=1.32, 95%CI: 1.18-1.48), and absence of professional equipment in school vision screening(OR=1.27, 95%CI: 1.15-1.41)as risk factors for myopia(all P<0.001).CONCLUSION: From 2021 to 2025, the myopia rate among children and adolescents in Bijie shows an increasing trend, indicating a severe situation for myopia prevention and control, with tendencies toward younger age of onset and higher myopia. It is necessary to establish a prevention and control system led by the government, with multi-departmental collaboration and school-family linkage, and to carry out targeted health education and intervention measures.

ObjectiveTo investigate effect of conducting training of autism spectrum disorder （ASD） early screening skill on improving the ability to early identify ASD of medical staffs in primary care hospitals. MethodsIn September 2021， the training of ASD early screening skills was carried out for medical staffs from 20 primary care hospitals in Chengdu. After training， the training effect was evaluated. The numbers of referrals from primary care hospitals to superior hospitals， confirmed ASD as well as their average diagnostic age of children with ASD before and after training were used as evaluation indicators. ResultsAfter training， the number of children with suspected ASD referred by primary care hospitals was more than that before training ［（16.65±11.60） vs. （3.40±2.23）， t=5.431， P<0.01］， the number of children diagnosed with ASD was more than that before training［（6.85±4.93） vs. （2.45±1.67）， t=4.171， P<0.01］， and the differences were statistically significant. As for the diagnosed age of ASD children， after training， the average age was lower than that before training ［（34.95±11.67） vs. （42.2±14.64）， t=-2.553， P=0.019］. ConclusionTraining of ASD early screening skills for medical staffs in primary care hospitals may help to improve their ability to early screening ASD children.

BACKGROUND: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has become a severe global burden in terms of both health and the economy. Few studies, however, have thoroughly assessed the influence of air pollution on COPD-related mortality among elderly people in developing areas in the hinterland of southwestern China. This study is the first to examine the association between short-term exposure to ambient airborne pollutants and COPD-related mortality among elderly people in the central Sichuan Basin of southwestern China. METHODS: Data on COPD-related mortality among elderly people aged 60 and older were obtained from the Population Death Information Registration and Management System (PDIRMS). Data on airborne pollutants comprised of particulate matter < 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM RESULTS: A total of 61,058 COPD-related deaths of people aged 60 and older were obtained. Controlling the influences of daily temperature and relative humidity, interquartile range (IQR) concentration increases of PM CONCLUSIONS Increased concentrations of ambient airborne pollutants composed of PM
Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Air Pollutants/adverse effects* ; China/epidemiology* ; Cities/epidemiology* ; Environmental Exposure/adverse effects* ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/mortality* ; Time Factors