Objective:To investigate the role of reactive astrocytes expressing aromatase(ARO)in the penumbra during ischemic stroke.Methods:A mouse model of middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO/R)was prepared using the suture method.Western blot and immunofluorescence staining were used to observe the expression of ARO in the penumbra after ischemia reperfusion.We generated a glial fibrillary acidic protein promoter-driven aromatase knock-out(GFAP-ARO-KO)mouse model in vivo.Neurologic impairment scores,rotarod test,grip strength test and adhesive removal test on the plantar surface of the paw were performed after MCAO/R modeling.Results:In wild type mice,the expression of ARO was significantly increased in astrocytes in the penumbra after MCAO/R(P<0.01).Compared to the control group,the expression of ARO in the GFAP-ARO-KO group was significantly reduced in astrocytes in the penumbra after MCAO/R.And loss of ARO increased cerebral infarction volume and aggravated sensorimotor impair-ment.Conclusion:After ischemic stroke,reactive astrocytes in the penumbra highly express ARO and play a protective role in post-ischemia reperfusion injury.

Objective:To investigate the role of reactive astrocytes expressing aromatase(ARO)in the penumbra during ischemic stroke.Methods:A mouse model of middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO/R)was prepared using the suture method.Western blot and immunofluorescence staining were used to observe the expression of ARO in the penumbra after ischemia reperfusion.We generated a glial fibrillary acidic protein promoter-driven aromatase knock-out(GFAP-ARO-KO)mouse model in vivo.Neurologic impairment scores,rotarod test,grip strength test and adhesive removal test on the plantar surface of the paw were performed after MCAO/R modeling.Results:In wild type mice,the expression of ARO was significantly increased in astrocytes in the penumbra after MCAO/R(P<0.01).Compared to the control group,the expression of ARO in the GFAP-ARO-KO group was significantly reduced in astrocytes in the penumbra after MCAO/R.And loss of ARO increased cerebral infarction volume and aggravated sensorimotor impair-ment.Conclusion:After ischemic stroke,reactive astrocytes in the penumbra highly express ARO and play a protective role in post-ischemia reperfusion injury.

Objective To confirm the localization and function mechanisms of TGF?s and their receptors in mouse spermatogenesis,by observing the expression of TGF?s and their receptors in mouse testicular tissues. Methods Immunohistochemical staining combined with the micro-image analysis and immunofluorescence histochemical double-staining technique were used. Results Immunohistochemical staining display:Both TGF?1 and TGF?2 were expressed in acrosome of Ⅵ-Ⅷ stages round spermatids and elongated spermatids in seminiferous tubules,in cytoplasm of Leydig cell their expression was very weak;TGF?3 was only expressed in the cytoplasm of Leydig cells and there was no positive expression in seminiferous epithelium;TGF?-RⅠ was expressed in late spermacytes(Ⅷ stage) and early elongating spermatids(Ⅹ stage);TGF?-RⅡ was expressed from the Ⅺ stage elongating spermatids to elongated spermatids released;TGF?-RⅢ was expressed in acrosome of late round spermatids (Ⅶ-Ⅷ stages)and elongated spermatids.Immunofluorescence histochemical double-staining display:the earlist co-expression of TGF?1,TGF?2 and TGF?-R3 in seminiferous epithelium was at acrosome of Ⅵ-Ⅷ stages round spermatids.Conclusion TGF?s and their receptors are expressed with cell-and stage-specifity in mouse spermatogenesis,which suggests that they have an important role in spermatogenesis.