Objective To observe the differences in gut microbiota in chronic unpredictable mild stress(CUMS)-induced depression model rats of both sexes,and to provide experimental evidence for exploring sex differences in depression onset.Methods Thirty-two healthy SD rats were divided randomly into four groups based on sex:Male control group(Control-M),Female control group(Control-F),Male model group(Model-M),and Female model group(Model-F)(n=8 rats per group).Rats in the control groups were fed without stimulation,while rats in the model groups were stimulated using the 28 d CUMS-induced depression method.After successful modeling,fresh feces were collected from all rats for high-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing.Behavioral observations were also conducted before and after preparing the model.Results The result of sucrose-preference,open-field,and forced-swimming tests differed significantly between the control and model groups.The result of the sucrose-preference test also differed between the sexes,while there was no difference in the open-field or forced-swimming test between the sexes.The α and β diversity of the gut microbiota genera showed an upward trend in the CUMS group compared with the control group.The ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes and the richness of the Roseburia and Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group were decreased in male rats but showed an increasing trend in female rats.Conclusions The ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes in the gut microbiota may be a key factor affecting the difference in the onset of depression between males and females,while the Roseburia and Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group be potential factors in correcting the gut microbiota and improving the symptoms of depression.

The codon was optimized for the bovine nebovirus(BNeV)VP1 gene and the recombi-nant plasmid pFastBac-Dual-VP1 was constructed,and BNeV-VP1 virus-like particles(VLPs)were prepared using a baculovirus expression system,and identified by Western blot,indirect im-munofluorescence and electron microscopy.Successfully validated VLPs were mixed with MF59 adjuvant and CpG-ODG,and mice were immunised by intramuscular injection and evaluated for immunity effects.The results showed that the optimized CAI(codon adaptation index)of VP1 gene was 0.93 and the GC content was 60.4％.The constructed recombinant plasmid was trans-formed into DH10Bac for blue-white spot screening,and after successful verification,it was trans-fected into SF9 cells to obtain recombinant baculovirus Baculo-BNeV-VP1.BNeV virus-like parti-cles with diameters ranging from 35 to 40 nm were observed under the electron microscope,and both IFA and Western blot experiments proved that the target proteins were successfully ex-pressed and biologically active,and protein optimisation revealed that the highest protein expres-sion was found at the infectious dose MOI=0.5.Mice were immunized by intramuscular injection after 50 μg of VLPs were mixed with MF59 adjuvant and CpG-ODN.The results showed that the VLPs immunization group produced IgG antibodies 7 days after the first dose,and the antibody ti-ter increased gradually,reaching a maximum of 1∶102 400,and declined at 35 d,but still main-tained a high level;The blocking titer BT50 is up to 640,which can induce the production of BNeV VP1-specific blocking antibody in mice.In this study,the baculovirus expression system was used to express the VP1 protein of BNeV,and BNeV VLPs were successfully constructed,which could induce humoral immune response in mice,which provided a reference for the follow-up research of BNeV vaccine.

Objective:To obtain fucose-free anti-West Nile virus nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) antibody and evaluate its antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC).Methods:The guanosine diphosphate-fucose transporter SLC35C1 in CHO cells was knocked out using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology to obtain the fucose-free cell line CHO SLC35C1 -/-. CHO SLC35C1 -/- cells were used to produce fucose-free anti-West Nile virus NS1 antibodies. The binding abilities of the antibodies to the target antigen of West Nile virus NS1 protein and the human high-affinity IgG Fc receptor hFcγRⅠ (hCD64) were detected by ELISA and flow cytometry, respectively. The ADCC activity of the antibodies was detected by ADCC reporter gene assay. One-way analysis of variance was used for statistical analysis. Results:CHO SLC35C1 -/- cells expressed green fluorescent protein but not Lens culinaris agglutinin. The anti-West Nile virus NS1 antibodies produced by CHO SLC35C1 -/- cells with a fucose content of 0.22% could bind to West Nile virus NS1 protein in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with the wild-type antibodies, the fucose-free anti-West Nile virus NS1 antibodies showed a stronger binding ability to hFcγRⅠ(hCD64), as indicated by a significant increase in fluorescence intensity. The ADCC reporter gene assay showed that the fucose-free anti-West Nile virus NS1 antibodies had increased activity as compared with the wild-type antibodies ( P<0.001). Conclusion:The fucose-free anti-West Nile virus NS1 antibodies may be used to protect against West Nile virus infection.

Objective:To analyze the clinical efficacy of the Schroth therapy in the treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.Methods:Relevant clinical studies on Schroth therapy for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis were retrieved from CNKI, Wanfang Data, SinoMed, Chinese Medical Journal Full-text Database, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. The search time was from the establishment of the database to November 2024. Two authors independently conducted the literature search and imported all potentially eligible studies into EndNote X9 to determine whether the studies met the inclusion criteria. If there was any disagreement, the two parties would discuss and solve it or add a third author for judgment. The scoliosis Cobb angle and the Scoliosis Research Society question-naires-22 (SRS-22) or SRS-23 were extracted from the scoliosis after treatment. The Schroth therapy was compared with other conservative treatment methods (functional exercise or no intervention). The modified Jadad scale was used to evaluate the quality of the included randomized controlled trials. When the heterogeneity between groups was small, the fixed-effect model was used for analysis, and when the heterogeneity between groups was large, the random-effect model was used for analysis. Sensitivity analysis was used to evaluate the stability of the meta-analysis results.Results:A total of 189 patients from 8 literatures were included in the meta-analysis, including 2 Chinese literatures and 6 English literatures, all of which were randomized controlled trials, with a modified Jadad score of 4-6 points. The results of meta-analysis showed that the Cobb angle of Schroth therapy in the treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis was smaller than that of functional exercise or no intervention [ WMD=-3.63, 95% CI (-4.76, -2.51), P<0.001]. SRS-22 or SRS-23 was superior to functional exercise or no intervention [ WMD=0.23, 95% CI(0.14, 0.32), P<0.001], and the difference was statistically significant. The results of subgroup analysis showed that the Cobb angle of Schroth treatment was smaller than that of other conservative treatment methods such as functional exercise [ WMD=-3.48, 95% CI(-4.76, -2.20), P<0.001]. Conclusion:Compared with other conservative treatment methods and no intervention, Schroth therapy can effectively improve the Cobb angle and quality of life in the treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.

Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), as a treasure of the Chinese nation, plays a significant role in maintaining public health. In 2019, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council proposed for the first time the establishment of a TCM registration and evaluation evidence system that integrates TCM theory, "personal experience" and clinical trials (referred to as the "Three-in-One" System) to promote the inheritance and innovation of TCM. Subsequently, the National Medical Products Administration issued several guiding principles to advance the improvement and implementation of this system. Owing to the complexity of its implementation, there are still differing understandings within the TCM industry regarding the positioning of the "Three-in-One" Registration and Evaluation Evidence System, as well as the connotation and value orientation of the "personal experience." To address this, Academician WANG Qi, President of the TCM Association, China International Exchange and Promotion Association for Medical and Healthcare and TCM master, led a group of academicians, TCM masters, TCM pharmacology experts and clinical TCM experts to convene a "Seminar on Promoting the Implementation of the ′Three-in-One′ Registration and Evaluation Evidence System for Chinese Medicinals." Through extensive discussions, an expert consensus was formed, clarifying the different roles of the TCM theory, "personal experience" and clinical trials within the system. It was further emphasized that the "personal experience" is the core of this system, and its data should be derived from clinical practice scenarios. In the future, the improvement of this system will require collaborative efforts across multiple fields to promote the high-quality development of the Chinese medicinal industry.

Background Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent organic pollutants widely distributed in the environment. Epidemiological studies have shown that PFAS exposure is closely associated with liver dysfunction and an increased risk of liver cancer. Some animal and cell experiments have also revealed its hepatotoxicity and potential carcinogenicity; however, the related carcinogenic mechanism has not yet been fully elucidated. Objective To explore the potential molecular mechanism of PFAS-induced liver cancer, identify the key causal genes, and specifically evaluate the causal association and expression changes of KMT2C in this process, as well as the binding stability between KMT2C and PFAS, and to provid a theoretical basis for mechanistic studies and molecular target discovery in PFAS-related liver cancer. Methods Toxicity prediction was performed on six representative PFAS. Potential target genes of PFAS were identified by integrating results from SwissTargetPrediction, STITCH, and TargetNet databases. Liver cancer-related genes were retrieved from GeneCards, Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM), and Therapeutic Target Database (TTD). The intersection of PFAS targets and liver cancer-related genes was used to obtain core genes. A compound-gene-disease regulatory network was constructed, and a protein–protein interaction network was established using STRING database. A core gene network was visualized based on node degree values. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were performed to explore biological functions and enriched signaling pathways. Subsequently, two-sample Mendelian randomization was employed to assess potential causal relationships between candidate genes and hepatocellular carcinoma, enabling the identification of key genes. Molecular docking analysis using AutoDock was conducted to evaluate the binding stability between KMT2C and PFAS, and TCGA data were used to validate the differential expression of KMT2C between hepatocellular carcinoma and adjacent normal tissues. Results PFAS exhibited multisystem toxicity and posed significant risks of liver injury and carcinogenesis. A total of 266 PFAS target genes and 2923 liver cancer-related genes were identified, with 61 intersecting genes obtained. The enrichment analysis revealed that these intersecting genes were primarily involved in epigenetic regulation, nuclear receptor signaling pathways, and apoptosis-related pathways including TGF-β FoxO and Notch, suggesting their roles in diverse tumor-related biological processes. The two-sample Mendelian randomization results showed a significant negative causal association between KMT2C and hepatocellular carcinoma (OR=0.68, P <0.05). The molecular docking results demonstrated that all tested PFAS exhibited favorable binding to the KMT2C protein, with binding energies below –5.0 kcal·mol⁻¹. KMT2C was significantly upregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma tissues (unpaired P=0.025; paired P=8.38 × 10⁻⁴). Conclusion The KMT2C protein is found to stably bind with all six PFAS, exhibiting strong structural affinity. A causal relationship is identified between KMT2C and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. TCGA data indicate that KMT2C is significantly upregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma tissues, and it may serve as a key regulatory target in PFAS-related liver cancer.

Objective To investigate the effect of β-arrestin1(ARRB1)on cell proliferation,migration and invasion in oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC).Methods Based on The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)database,the expression profiles of ARRB1 in OSCC were analyzed,and then Gene Set Enrichment Analysis(GSEA)was used to suggest the possible signaling pathways involved,and to explore its potential impact on the prognosis of OSCC patients.Immuinohistochemistry(IHC)was performed to detect the expression of ARRB1 in OSCC tumor tissues and adjacent tissues,and the correlation between ARRB1 expression and clinicopathological features was statistically analyzed.The expression profiles of ARRB1 in SCC-15,CAL-27 and HOK cell lines were verified by qPCR and Western blotting.The ARRB1 overexpression plasmid model was constructed,and its effects on the proliferation,migration and invasion of OSCC cells were analyzed by clone formation,EdU,scratch and Transwell assays.Results TCGA showed that the expression level of ARRB1 was significantly lower in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSC)and OSCC tissues than the corresponding normal tissues(P<0.01).The expression of ARRB1 in OSCC tissues was correlated with tumor differentiation,lymph node metastasis and TNM stage(P<0.05).The OSCC patients with high expression of ARRB1 had a lower survival rate than those with low expression(P<0.01),which was consistent with the results of bioinformatics analysis.The expression level of ARRB1 in SCC-15 and CAL-27 cells was lower than that of HOK cells(P<0.01),and its overexpression significantly inhibited cell proliferation(P<0.05),migration(P<0.01)and invasion(P<0.01).Conclusion ARRB1 is lowly expressed in OSCC,its overexpression inhibits the proliferation,migration and invasion of OSCC cells,and it is related to prognosis improvement.

To guide clinical blood transfusion practices for pediatric patients, the National Health Commission has issued the health standard "Guideline for pediatric transfusion" (WS/T 795-2022). Blood transfusion is one of the most commonly used supportive treatments for children with hematological diseases. This guideline provides guidance and recommendations for blood transfusions in children with aplastic anemia, thalassemia, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, acute leukemia, myelodysplastic syndromes, immune thrombocytopenic purpura, and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. This article presents the evidence and interpretation of the blood transfusion provisions for children with hematological diseases in the "Guideline for pediatric transfusion", aiming to assist in the understanding and implementing the blood transfusion section of this guideline.
Humans ; Child ; Hematologic Diseases/therapy* ; Blood Transfusion/standards* ; Practice Guidelines as Topic

To guide clinical blood transfusion practices for pediatric patients, the National Health Commission has issued the health standard "Guideline for pediatric transfusion" (WS/T 795-2022). Blood transfusion for children undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is highly complex and challenging. This guideline provides recommendations on transfusion thresholds and the selection of blood components for these children. This article presents the evidence and interpretation of the transfusion provisions for children undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, with the aim of enhancing the understanding and implementation of the "Guideline for pediatric transfusion".
Humans ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Child ; Blood Transfusion/standards* ; Practice Guidelines as Topic

To guide clinical blood transfusion practices for pediatric patients, the National Health Commission has issued the health standard "Guideline for pediatric transfusion" (WS/T 795-2022). Critically ill children often present with anemia and have a higher demand for transfusions compared to other pediatric patients. This guideline provides guidance and recommendations for blood transfusions in cases of general critical illness, septic shock, acute brain injury, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, non-life-threatening bleeding, and hemorrhagic shock. This article interprets the background and evidence of the blood transfusion provisions for critically ill and severely bleeding children in the "Guideline for pediatric transfusion", aiming to enhance understanding and implementation of this aspect of the guidelines. Citation:Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics, 2025, 27(4): 395-403.
Humans ; Critical Illness ; Blood Transfusion/standards* ; Child ; Hemorrhage/therapy* ; Practice Guidelines as Topic