Skeletal muscle atrophy is characterized by a reduction in both the size and quantity of skeletal muscle fibers, resulting in impaired muscle strength and function. It mainly includes disuse muscle atrophy, aging muscle atrophy, denervated muscle atrophy and muscle atrophy caused by disease etc. As a cost-effective way, exercise has been widely used in the prevention and treatment of skeletal muscle atrophy, but its mechanism for improving skeletal muscle atrophy remains unclear. Recent studies have indicated that insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) plays an important role in improving muscle atrophy through exercise, in addition to promoting the survival of neurons, lowering blood sugar, and anti-inflammation. This article reviews recent findings on the mechanisms by which IGF-1 mediates exercise-induced improvement in skeletal muscle atrophy, providing a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of this disease.
Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/physiology* ; Muscular Atrophy/therapy* ; Humans ; Exercise/physiology* ; Muscle, Skeletal ; Animals ; Insulin-Like Peptides

It uses research methods such as questionnaire surveys and in-depth interviews with key informants to investigate the quantitative data,settlement costs,satisfaction,and other actual operations of the"dual channel"electronic prescription circulation and medical insurance online settlement pilot project in Shenzhen in June 2022.It explores and analyzes its advantages in effectively eliminating counterfeit paper prescriptions,real-time sharing of pharmacy inventory,transparency of drug prices,and limitations in prescription circulation coverage.And it makes suggestions for optimizing the prescription review process,such as creating a unified and standardized prescription circu-lation model,constructing a standardized and efficient management system for purchased drug catalogs,and strengthening information privacy and data security,are proposed.

It uses research methods such as questionnaire surveys and in-depth interviews with key informants to investigate the quantitative data,settlement costs,satisfaction,and other actual operations of the"dual channel"electronic prescription circulation and medical insurance online settlement pilot project in Shenzhen in June 2022.It explores and analyzes its advantages in effectively eliminating counterfeit paper prescriptions,real-time sharing of pharmacy inventory,transparency of drug prices,and limitations in prescription circulation coverage.And it makes suggestions for optimizing the prescription review process,such as creating a unified and standardized prescription circu-lation model,constructing a standardized and efficient management system for purchased drug catalogs,and strengthening information privacy and data security,are proposed.

It uses research methods such as questionnaire surveys and in-depth interviews with key informants to investigate the quantitative data,settlement costs,satisfaction,and other actual operations of the"dual channel"electronic prescription circulation and medical insurance online settlement pilot project in Shenzhen in June 2022.It explores and analyzes its advantages in effectively eliminating counterfeit paper prescriptions,real-time sharing of pharmacy inventory,transparency of drug prices,and limitations in prescription circulation coverage.And it makes suggestions for optimizing the prescription review process,such as creating a unified and standardized prescription circu-lation model,constructing a standardized and efficient management system for purchased drug catalogs,and strengthening information privacy and data security,are proposed.

It uses research methods such as questionnaire surveys and in-depth interviews with key informants to investigate the quantitative data,settlement costs,satisfaction,and other actual operations of the"dual channel"electronic prescription circulation and medical insurance online settlement pilot project in Shenzhen in June 2022.It explores and analyzes its advantages in effectively eliminating counterfeit paper prescriptions,real-time sharing of pharmacy inventory,transparency of drug prices,and limitations in prescription circulation coverage.And it makes suggestions for optimizing the prescription review process,such as creating a unified and standardized prescription circu-lation model,constructing a standardized and efficient management system for purchased drug catalogs,and strengthening information privacy and data security,are proposed.

It uses research methods such as questionnaire surveys and in-depth interviews with key informants to investigate the quantitative data,settlement costs,satisfaction,and other actual operations of the"dual channel"electronic prescription circulation and medical insurance online settlement pilot project in Shenzhen in June 2022.It explores and analyzes its advantages in effectively eliminating counterfeit paper prescriptions,real-time sharing of pharmacy inventory,transparency of drug prices,and limitations in prescription circulation coverage.And it makes suggestions for optimizing the prescription review process,such as creating a unified and standardized prescription circu-lation model,constructing a standardized and efficient management system for purchased drug catalogs,and strengthening information privacy and data security,are proposed.

It uses research methods such as questionnaire surveys and in-depth interviews with key informants to investigate the quantitative data,settlement costs,satisfaction,and other actual operations of the"dual channel"electronic prescription circulation and medical insurance online settlement pilot project in Shenzhen in June 2022.It explores and analyzes its advantages in effectively eliminating counterfeit paper prescriptions,real-time sharing of pharmacy inventory,transparency of drug prices,and limitations in prescription circulation coverage.And it makes suggestions for optimizing the prescription review process,such as creating a unified and standardized prescription circu-lation model,constructing a standardized and efficient management system for purchased drug catalogs,and strengthening information privacy and data security,are proposed.

It uses research methods such as questionnaire surveys and in-depth interviews with key informants to investigate the quantitative data,settlement costs,satisfaction,and other actual operations of the"dual channel"electronic prescription circulation and medical insurance online settlement pilot project in Shenzhen in June 2022.It explores and analyzes its advantages in effectively eliminating counterfeit paper prescriptions,real-time sharing of pharmacy inventory,transparency of drug prices,and limitations in prescription circulation coverage.And it makes suggestions for optimizing the prescription review process,such as creating a unified and standardized prescription circu-lation model,constructing a standardized and efficient management system for purchased drug catalogs,and strengthening information privacy and data security,are proposed.

It uses research methods such as questionnaire surveys and in-depth interviews with key informants to investigate the quantitative data,settlement costs,satisfaction,and other actual operations of the"dual channel"electronic prescription circulation and medical insurance online settlement pilot project in Shenzhen in June 2022.It explores and analyzes its advantages in effectively eliminating counterfeit paper prescriptions,real-time sharing of pharmacy inventory,transparency of drug prices,and limitations in prescription circulation coverage.And it makes suggestions for optimizing the prescription review process,such as creating a unified and standardized prescription circu-lation model,constructing a standardized and efficient management system for purchased drug catalogs,and strengthening information privacy and data security,are proposed.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Tibetan tea is a kind of dark tea, due to the inherent complexity of natural products, the chemical composition and beneficial effects of Tibetan tea are not fully understood. The objective of this study was to unravel the composition of Tibetan tea using knowledge-guided multilayer network (KGMN) techniques and explore its potential antioxidant and hypolipidemic mechanisms in mice.MATERIALS/METHODS: The C57BL/6J mice were continuously gavaged with Tibetan tea extract (T group), green tea extract (G group) and ddH 2 O (H group) for 15 days. The activity of total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in mice was detected.Transcriptome sequencing technology was used to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the antioxidant and lipid-lowering effects of Tibetan tea in mice. Furthermore, the expression levels of liver antioxidant and lipid metabolism related genes in various groups were detected by the real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) method. RESULTS: The results showed that a total of 42 flavonoids are provisionally annotated in Tibetan tea using KGMN strategies. Tibetan tea significantly reduced body weight gain and increased T-AOC and SOD activities in mice compared with the H group. Based on the results of transcriptome and qPCR, it was confirmed that Tibetan tea could play a key role in antioxidant and lipid lowering by regulating oxidative stress and lipid metabolism related pathways such as insulin resistance, P53 signaling pathway, insulin signaling pathway, fatty acid elongation and fatty acid metabolism. CONCLUSIONS This study was the first to use computational tools to deeply explore the composition of Tibetan tea and revealed its potential antioxidant and hypolipidemic mechanisms, and it provides new insights into the composition and bioactivity of Tibetan tea.