Background With China's socio-economic development, the dietary structure of Chinese residents has gradually shifted from a traditional Eastern pattern characterized by high carbohydrate intake to a relatively high-fat Western dietary model, alongside a growing burden of chronic diseases. However, dietary changes may vary across different occupational groups. Objective To analyze the long-term trends in dietary energy and three major macronutrient intake among various occupational groups aged 18-59 years in nine provinces of China from 1989 to 2018, providing a scientific basis for developing occupation-specific dietary intervention strategies. Methods Based on 11 waves of data (1989–2018) from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS), 57458 employed individuals aged 18-59 years were selected as observation subjects after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. Joinpoint regression was used to analyze temporal trends by calculating the annual percentage change (APC) and average annual percentage change (AAPC) with 95% confidence intervals. The analysis covered the energy supply ratio from the three major macronutrients and the proportion of the participants within the acceptable macronutrient distribution ranges (AMDR) for the total occupational population and specific occupational group. Results From 1989 to 2018, the dietary structure of the occupational population in the nine provinces gradually Westernized. The carbohydrate energy supply ratio showed a decreasing trend (AAPC=−0.77%, 95%CI: −1.00%, −0.55%, P<0.05), while the fat energy supply ratio increased (AAPC=1.42%, 95%CI: 1.07%, 1.77%, P<0.05). The protein energy supply ratio remained largely unchanged (AAPC=−0.19%, 95%CI: −0.08%, 0.46%, P>0.05), and the total energy intake declined (AAPC=−0.62%, 95%CI: −0.94%, −0.30%, P<0.05). Among the occupational groups studied, white-collar workers were the first to show characteristics of dietary Westernization. Using the AMDR as the criterion, their average fat energy supply ratio first exceeded the AMDR upper limit (30%) in 1993, and their average carbohydrate energy supply ratio first fell below the AMDR lower limit (50%) in 2006, both time points being earlier than other occupational groups. Agricultural workers lagged in this transition (their average fat energy supply ratio first reached ≥30% in 2011), but their rate of increase in the fat energy supply ratio was the fastest among all occupational groups (AAPC=1.59%, 95%CI: 0.90%, 2.30%, P<0.05; P for trend comparison between groups<0.05). The other three occupational groups (blue-collar workers, service workers, and others) generally fell between these two extremes. Taking the fat energy supply ratio as an example, their AAPCs of increase were 1.02% (95%CI: 0.73%, 1.32%, P<0.05) for blue-collar workers, 0.85% (95%CI: 0.61%, 1.09%, P<0.05) for service workers, and 0.88% (95%CI: 0.58%, 1.17%, P<0.05) for others. Conclusion From 1989 to 2018, the macronutrient structure of the occupational population aged 18-59 years in nine China provinces is gradually Westernized. The energy supply ratios of carbohydrates and proteins primarily face issues of potential inadequacy, while the fat energy supply ratio is excessively high. Furthermore, the patterns of change vary among different occupational groups. It is recommended to propose personalized dietary advice tailored to specific occupations.

ObjectiveTo investigate the influenza vaccination coverage among kindergarten and primary school children in Zhejiang Province in 2023 and analyze the influencing factors, and to provide the basis for improving the effect of influenza vaccination in children. MethodsA multi-stage random cluster sampling method was used to select 3 681 parents of children from 10 primary schools and kindergartens based on economic level and geographical distribution in Zhejiang Province, who participated in an online questionnaire survey, including basic information about the children and their parents, parents’ knowledge about influenza, and their willingness to vaccination. ResultsAmong the 3 681 parents surveyed, 33.82% (1 245/3 681) reported that their children received influenza vaccination in 2023. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that factors contributing to children’s influenza vaccination included both parents [adjusted OR (95%CI): 1.56 (1.32‒1.84)] and children [6.04 (5.04‒7.27)] having a history of influenza vaccination, parents’ conviction the influenza vaccine could protect children from severe diseases [1.43 (1.19‒1.74)], and the willingness of most parents would let their children get vaccinated [1.40 (1.13‒1.74)]. In contrast, vaccine hesitancy among parents [0.55 (0.43‒0.69)] and the belief that influenza is just a common cold [0.80 (0.65‒1.00)] were hindering factors. ConclusionThe influenza vaccination coverage among children is insufficient. Both the vaccination history of parents and children, as well as parents’ correct understanding of influenza and the effectiveness of influenza vaccine, significantly influence the influenza vaccination status in children. Efforts to address vaccine hesitancy and misconceptions about influenza are essential to improve vaccination rates.

T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is a highly aggressive hematologic malignancy with a poor prognosis, despite advancements in treatment. Many patients struggle with relapse or refractory disease. Investigating the role of the super-enhancer (SE) regulated gene ubiquitin-specific protease 20 (USP20) in T-ALL could enhance targeted therapies and improve clinical outcomes. Analysis of histone H3 lysine 27 acetylation (H3K27ac) chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) data from six T-ALL cell lines and seven pediatric samples identified USP20 as an SE-regulated driver gene. Utilizing the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE) and BloodSpot databases, it was found that USP20 is specifically highly expressed in T-ALL. Knocking down USP20 with short hairpin RNA (shRNA) increased apoptosis and inhibited proliferation in T-ALL cells. In vivo studies showed that USP20 knockdown reduced tumor growth and improved survival. The USP20 inhibitor GSK2643943A demonstrated similar anti-tumor effects. Mass spectrometry, RNA-Seq, and immunoprecipitation revealed that USP20 interacted with hypoxia-inducible factor 1 subunit alpha (HIF1A) and stabilized it by deubiquitination. Cleavage under targets and tagmentation (CUT&Tag) results indicated that USP20 co-localized with HIF1A, jointly modulating target genes in T-ALL. This study identifies USP20 as a therapeutic target in T-ALL and suggests GSK2643943A as a potential treatment strategy.

Osteoarthritis(OA),a common age-related chronic disease,is characterized by degenerative changes in the joints and surrounding tissues.Traditionally,research on OA has primarily focused on the pathological changes in articular cartilage and its repair.However,with the advancements in animal disease modeling in recent years,especially the widespread use of spatiotemporally specific transgenic mouse models,scholars have gradually come to realize that the subchondral bone also plays an important role in the occurrence and development of OA.That is,the pathological changes in articular cartilage and bone mutually affect and promote each other,jointly driving the progression of OA,involving such pathological processes as vascular invasion,ectopic calcification,nerve growth,and the occurrence of pain.Given the complexity of cartilage-bone pathological relationship,it is difficult to conduct in-depth research on subchondral bone pathology using clinical human samples,or to simulate the pathological processes of OA through in vitro cell experiments.Therefore,animal models play an irreplaceable role in investigating the pathological mechanisms of OA and developing clinical drugs.This review,in addition to providing an overview of OA animal models,synthesizes the latest progress in animal experimental research on OA,highlighting the active role of the cartilage-bone pathological relationship in OA progression.These new findings provide references for future in-depth investigations and also provide a theoretical basis for developing fundamental strategies for OA prevention and treatment.

Bone formation and deposition are initiated by sensory nerve infiltration in adaptive bone remodeling. Here, we focused on the role of Semaphorin 3A (Sema3A), expressed by sensory nerves, in mechanical loads-induced bone formation and nerve withdrawal using orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) model. Firstly, bone formation was activated after the 3rd day of OTM, coinciding with a decrease in sensory nerves and an increase in pain threshold. Sema3A, rather than nerve growth factor (NGF), highly expressed in both trigeminal ganglion and the axons of periodontal ligament following the 3rd day of OTM. Moreover, in vitro mechanical loads upregulated Sema3A in neurons instead of in human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) within 24 hours. Furthermore, exogenous Sema3A restored the suppressed alveolar bone formation and the osteogenic differentiation of hPDLCs induced by mechanical overload. Mechanistically, Sema3A prevented overstretching of F-actin induced by mechanical overload through ROCK2 pathway, maintaining mitochondrial dynamics as mitochondrial fusion. Therefore, Sema3A exhibits dual therapeutic effects in mechanical loads-induced bone formation, both as a pain-sensitive analgesic and a positive regulator for bone formation.
Humans ; Bone Remodeling ; Cell Differentiation ; Osteogenesis ; Semaphorin-3A/pharmacology* ; Trigeminal Ganglion/metabolism*

OBJECTIVE To analyze the research status， hotspots and trends in the research of intravenous thrombolytic drugs in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke. METHODS The original studies related to intravenous thrombolytic drugs for acute ischemic stroke were collected by searching the Web of Science core database； the authors， countries/regions， institutions and keywords of the literature were visualized and analyzed using CiteSpace 6.1.R6 software. RESULTS A total of 1 810 articles were included， and the number of articles published showed an increasing trend year by year， with the United States （556 articles） having the largest number of articles， and China ranking the second （339 articles， with centrality of 0）. The most published author was Ahmed of Sweden （32 articles）， and the most published institution was the University of Calgary in Canada （80 articles）. The current research status and hotspots were mainly the application and therapeutic exploration of new thrombolytic drugs， and the frontier and development trend were the adverse prognosis of neurological deterioration and hemorrhagic transformation accompanied by intravenous thrombolytic drug treatment. CONCLUSIONS The research hotspots and frontier about intravenous thrombolytic drugs for acute ischemic stroke are mainly the third generation of intravenous tissue plasminogen activator， and the exploration of new intravenous thrombolytic drugs and their safety and effectiveness will be the future research hotspots. Chinese scholars and research teams should strengthen cooperation and exchanges with other countries， which can be strengthened by carrying out multi-center clinical trials.

Objective Tto evaluate the effect of low intensity pulsed ultrasound(LIPUS)on the migration and phagocytosis ability of lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced RAW264.7 macrophages and on macrophage behavior under inflammation.Methods An in vitro activated RAW264.7 macrophage model was developed using LPS.Cell viability was assessed using a CCK-8 assay to explore the effect of LIPUS on activated and inactivated macrophages.Wound healing assays were employed to measure the effect of LIPUS on macrophage migration,and the Transwell assay was employed when LPS was used as a chemoattractant.Phagocytosis ability was examined using confocal microscopy and flow cytometry by observing the FITC fluorescence signal of internalized pHrodo Green E.coli BioParticles Conjugate.Results An activated RAW264.7 macrophage model was successfully developed using 100 ng/mL LPS.LIPUS inhibited the migration of inactivated macrophages into scratch areas as well as guided cell migration.However,cell viability and phagocytosis remained unchanged.Conclusion LIPUS may inhibit RAW264.7 migration but not affect the phagocytosis ability of the macrophages.

Objective:To investigate the endoscopic combined serological diagnosis strategy for G1 and G2 gastric neuroendocrine neoplasms (G-NENs), and to evaluate the safety, short-term, and long-term efficacy of two endoscopic treatment procedures: endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) and endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD).Methods:This study retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 100 consecutive patients with G-NENs who were hospitalized at the Cancer Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from January 2011 to October 2023. These patients underwent endoscopic treatment, and propensity score matching (PSM) was used to compare clinicopathological characteristics, as well as short-term and long-term efficacy of lesions in the EMR group and ESD group before and after treatment.Results:Among the 100 patients with G-NENs, the median age was 54 years old. Before surgery, 29 cases underwent endoscopic combined serological examination, and 24 of them (82.2%) had abnormally elevated plasma chromogranin A. The combined diagnostic strategy for autoimmune atrophic gastritis (AIG) achieved a diagnostic accuracy of 100%(22/22). A total of 235 G-NEN lesions were included, with 84 in the ESD group and 151 in the EMR group. The median size of the lesions in the ESD group (5.0 mm) was significantly larger than that in the EMR group (2.0 mm, P＜0.001). Additionally, the ESD group had significantly more lesions with pathological grade G2[23.8%(20/84) vs. 1.3%(2/151), P＜0.001], infiltration depth reaching the submucosal layer [78.6%(66/84) vs. 51.0%(77/151), P＜0.001], and more T2 stage compared to the EMR group[15.5%(13/84) vs. 0.7%(1/151), P＜0.001]. After PSM, 49 pairs of lesions were successfully matched between the two groups. Following PSM, there were no significant differences in the en bloc resection rate [100.0%(49/49) vs. 100.0%(49/49)], complete resection rate [93.9%(46/49) vs. 100.0%(49/49)], and complication rate [0(0/49) vs. 4.1%(2/49)] between the two groups. During the follow-up period, no recurrence or distant metastasis was observed in any of the lesions in both groups. Conclusions:The combination of endoscopy and serology diagnostic strategy has the potential to enhance the accuracy of diagnosing G1 and G2 stage G-NENs and their background mucosa. Endoscopic resection surgery (EMR, ESD) is a proven and safe treatment approach for G1 and G2 stage G-NENs.

Objectives:To develop and validate predictive models for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) using circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) terminal motif analysis. The goal was to improve the non-invasive detection of early-stage ESCC and its precancerous lesions.Methods:Between August 2021 and November 2022, we prospectively collected plasma samples from 448 individuals at the Department of Endoscopy, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences for cfDNA extraction, library construction, and sequencing. We analyzed 201 cases of ESCC, 46 high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (HGIN), 46 low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (LGIN), 176 benign esophageal lesions, and 29 healthy controls. Participants, including ESCC patients and control subjects, were randomly assigned to a training set ( n=284) and a validation set ( n=122). The training cohort underwent z-score normalization of cfDNA terminal motif matrices and a selection of distinctive features differentiated ESCC cases from controls. The random forest classifier, Motif-1 (M1), was then developed through principal component analysis, ten-fold cross-validation, and recursive feature elimination. M1's efficacy was then validated in the validation and precancerous lesion sets. Subsequently, individuals with precancerous lesions were included in the dataset and participants were randomly allocated to newly formed training ( n=243), validation ( n=105), and test ( n=150) cohorts. Using the same procedure as M1, we trained the Motif-2 (M2) random forest model with the training cohort. The M2 model's accuracy was then confirmed in the validation cohort to establish the optimal threshold and further tested by performing validation in the test cohort. Results:We developed two cfDNA terminal motif-based predictive models for ESCC and associated precancerous conditions. The first model, M1, achieved a sensitivity of 90.0%, a specificity of 77.4%, and an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.884 in the validation cohort. For LGIN, HGIN, and T1aN0 stage ESCC, M1's sensitivities were 76.1%, 80.4%, and 91.2% respectively. Notably, the sensitivity for jointly predicting HGIN and T1aN0 ESCC reached 85.0%. Both the predictive accuracy and sensitivity increased in line with the cancer's progression ( P＜0.001). The second model, M2, exhibited a sensitivity of 87.5%, a specificity of 77.4%, and an AUC of 0.857 in the test cohort. M2's sensitivities for detecting precancerous lesions and ESCC were 80.0% and 89.7%, respectively, and it showed a combined sensitivity of 89.4% for HGIN and T1aN0 stage ESCC. Conclusions:Two predictive models based on cfDNA terminal motif analysis for ESCC and its precancerous lesions are developed. They both show high sensitivity and specificity in identifying ESCC and its precancerous stages, indicating its potential for early ESCC detection.

Based on literature research and Delphi method, the curative effect evaluation criteria of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) edema were revised, in order to promote the standardization construction of the curative effect evaluation of edema and strengthen the research on the revision technology of TCM standards. From January 1, 1994 to July 1, 2021, the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), China Science and Technology Journal Database (Chongqing VIP), Chinese Academic Periodical Database (Wanfang Data) and Chinese Biomedical Literature Service System (SinoMed) were searched, and 221 articles were included. Then the questionnaire item pool was constructed after extracting the contents of the articles. Delphi method was used to conduct two rounds of expert questionnaire survey. And then the concentration degree and coordination degree of expert opinions were counted and analyzed to screen out the content to be revised and the indicators to be included in the revised version, so as to form the revised version of curative effect evaluation criteria of edema. A total of 32 experts participated in this study, and the positive coefficient of experts in the first round was 84.21%, and the positive coefficient of experts in the second round was 78.13%. The mean value ( Xˉ), full score ratio, rank sum, coefficient of variation ( CV), Kendall's coefficient of concordace (Kendall's W) were used to select the questionnaire items. Kendall's W of the second round of expert questionnaire survey was 0.368, P=0.000, higher than that of the first round, and 11 items were finally included in the curative effect evaluation. The CV of the included items in the second round of the questionnaire is lower than that in the first round, and Kendall's W was higher than that in the first round, and the expert opinions tend to be unified. Consensus was reached after the expert discussion meeting, and the revised version of curative effect evaluation criteria of edema has been preliminarily formed.