Objective To investigate the awareness of radon exposure hazards among non-uranium miners in Chongqing, China. Methods A survey was conducted among 177 male miners from eight non-uranium metal mines in Chongqing to collect data on basic information, personal habits, and the rate of radon awareness. Factors affecting radon awareness were analyzed using chi-square test and logistic regression model. Results The awareness rate of radon among miners was 23.73%. The chi-square test indicated significant difference in the radon awareness rate among miners with different levels of education (χ² = 10.28, P < 0.05), while there was no significant difference across different ages, years of work, labor relations, job categories, and types of miners (P > 0.05). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that a college (junior college) or higher level of education, a high school level of education, and working in mines were factors affecting the radon awareness among miners (χ² = 4.030, 9.150, 11.776, P < 0.05). Conclusion Miners lack awareness of radon, and there is an urgent need to strengthen education and propaganda regarding the hazards of radon.

Objective:To investigate the radon exposure levels and health effects among non-uranium miners in Chongqing.Methods:From June 2022 to December 2023, a survey was carried out on basic information, radon exposure and occupational health status of 110 male miners with good cooperation attitudes in 6 non-uranium metal mines in normal operation in Chongqing. The logistic regression model was utilized to statistically analyze the impact of miners′ individual radon doses on abnormalities in chromosomal aberration analysis, micronucleus examination, tumor marker tests, and pulmonary CT imaging.Results:Monitoring results from passive integrated radon personal dosimeters indicated that three miners had an annual dose exceeding 2 mSv. Logistic regression analysis revealed that abnormalities in pulmonary CT imaging were associated with miners′ age, tenure, and alcohol consumption ( χ2=12.18, 9.63, 4.87, P<0.05), with no significant correlation with smoking or individual radon dose. There was a significant correlation between individual radon dose and abnormalities in tumor markers; for every additional 1 mSv of effective dose from radon and its progeny, the risk of abnormality increased by 2.25 times ( χ2=4.57, P < 0.05). Conclusions:Some miners in Chongqing are exposed to an annual dose exceeding 2 mSv, and there is a correlation between individual radon doses and abnormalities in lung cancer serum tumor markers. It is necessary to focus on monitoring the radon exposure risks for miners, carry out regular health checks, and enhance the health protection for the miner population.

ObjectiveTo establish the specific chromatogram and quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker（QAMS） based on linear calibration using two reference substances（LCTRS）， explore the consistency between Hedyotis Herba dispensing granules and standard decoction， and evaluate the quality of the dispensing granules. MethodsHigh performance liquid chromatography（HPLC） specific chromatogram was established based on 15 batches of Hedyotis Herba standard decoction and 10 batches of the dispensing granules， and LCTRS was used to locate chromatographic peaks. The actual retention times of 7 characteristic peaks in the specific chromatogram was measured on 24 different types of C₁₈ columns， taking deacetyl asperulosidic acid and asperulosidic acid as the dual standard compounds， the retention times of the other 5 characteristic peaks were predicted and validated. Based on this， QAMS was developed to determine the contents of four components（deacetyl asperulosidic acid， deacetyl asperulosidic acid methyl ester， asperulosidic acid， and p-coumaric acid）. Then， the relative correction factors of deacetyl asperulosidic acid， deacetyl asperulosidic acid methyl ester and p-coumaric acid were calculated using the reference peak of asperulosidic acid in the dual standard compounds， and each component was quantified accordingly. Finally， the consistency between the dispensing granules and standard decoction was assessed by taking extract rate of the standard decoction， consistency of the specific chromatograms， contents and transfer rates of the indicator components as indexes， and the quality of the dispensing granules was evaluated. ResultsThere were 7 common peaks in the characteristic chromatogram of samples of Hedyotis Herba standard decoction and the dispensing granules， and four of them were identified by reference standards， namely deacetyl asperulosidic acid（peak 1）， deacetyl asperulosidic acid methyl ester（peak 3）， asperulosidic acid（peak 6） and p-coumaric acid（peak 7）. The similarity between the dispensing granules and the standard decoction was >0.9. The absolute deviation in the predicted retention time for each component by LCTRS was lower than that of the relative retention time method. The extract rate of the 15 batches of Hedyotis Herba standard decoction ranged from 7.89% to 14.60%， the contents of deacetyl asperulosidic acid， deacetyl asperulosidic acid methyl ester， asperulosidic acid and p-coumaric acid were 6.62-19.70， 3.83-17.99， 1.57-6.69， 1.62-4.52 mg·g^-1， and the transfer rates of these components from decoction pieces to the standard decoction were 22.89%-39.60%， 34.03%-62.24%， 24.25%-43.70%， and 40.58%-73.71%， respectively. The extract rate， index component contents and transfer rates from decoction pieces to the three batches of Hedyotis Herba dispensing granules（P1-P3）， produced by manufacturer A， were similar to those of the standard decoction prepared from the same batch of decoction pieces， and all fell within the specified range. The contents of the 4 indicator components in 7 batches of the dispensing granules（P4-P10） from manufacturers B-E were all within the range of the content converted from the standard decoction based on the quantity of the dispensing granules. ConclusionThe established specific chromatogram and QAMS based on LCTRS are reasonable and reliable. Based on the evaluation indicators of standard decoction yield， consistency of specific chromatograms， contents and transfer rates of the four index components， the 10 batches of Hedyotis Herba dispensing granules from various manufacturers have exhibited good consistency with the standard decoction， indicating that the current production process is relatively reasonable.

Objective:To investigate the radon exposure levels and health effects among non-uranium miners in Chongqing.Methods:From June 2022 to December 2023, a survey was carried out on basic information, radon exposure and occupational health status of 110 male miners with good cooperation attitudes in 6 non-uranium metal mines in normal operation in Chongqing. The logistic regression model was utilized to statistically analyze the impact of miners′ individual radon doses on abnormalities in chromosomal aberration analysis, micronucleus examination, tumor marker tests, and pulmonary CT imaging.Results:Monitoring results from passive integrated radon personal dosimeters indicated that three miners had an annual dose exceeding 2 mSv. Logistic regression analysis revealed that abnormalities in pulmonary CT imaging were associated with miners′ age, tenure, and alcohol consumption ( χ2=12.18, 9.63, 4.87, P<0.05), with no significant correlation with smoking or individual radon dose. There was a significant correlation between individual radon dose and abnormalities in tumor markers; for every additional 1 mSv of effective dose from radon and its progeny, the risk of abnormality increased by 2.25 times ( χ2=4.57, P < 0.05). Conclusions:Some miners in Chongqing are exposed to an annual dose exceeding 2 mSv, and there is a correlation between individual radon doses and abnormalities in lung cancer serum tumor markers. It is necessary to focus on monitoring the radon exposure risks for miners, carry out regular health checks, and enhance the health protection for the miner population.

Objective To study the development of conus medullaris by quantitative three-dimensional ultrasound in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy,and to analyze the value of terminal caudal vertebral ossification center count in diagnosis of closed spina bifida.Methods A total of 108 normal fetuses in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy who were admitted to Baoding No.1 Central Hospital from January 2019 to March 2024 were selected and assigned to the normal group.The distance between the fetal conus medullaris and the first sacral vertebra,the distance between the end of the conus medullaris and the end of sacrum,and the number of corresponding vertebrae were measured by three-dimensional ultrasound at different gestational weeks.Meanwhile,54 fetuses who were confirmed to have closed spina bifida after delivery were enrolled into the abnormal group.The number of ossification centers on the median sagittal section of the caudal spine was counted and compared between the two groups.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was drawn to analyze the value of ossification center count of distal caudal vertebrae in diagnosis of closed spina bifida.Results With the increase of gestational weeks,the distance between the fetal conus medullaris and the first sacral vertebra and the distance between the end of the conus medullaris and the end of the sacral bone were gradually increased.The conus medullaris of normal fetuses was mainly located in L1.5,L2 and L2.5,accounting for 85.19%(92/108).The ossification center count of distal caudal vertebra was slightly increased with the increase of gestational weeks in the normal group.At 17-20 gestational weeks,85.71%(12/14)of the ossification center count of distal caudal vertebra was 5 to 7.At 21-28 gestational weeks,100.00%(45/45)of the ossification center count was 6 and more.At week 29 and above,100.00%(45/45)of the ossification center count was more than 7.In the abnormal group,96.30%(52/54)of the fetuses had the ossification center less than 6,and 85.71%(42/49)of the ossification center count was≤5 at 21-32 gestational weeks.There were significant differences in the ossification center count between the two groups at 17-20,21-24,25-28,29-32,and 33-36 gestational weeks(P<0.05).ROC curve showed that,at 17-20,21-24,25-28,29-32,and 33-36 gestational weeks,the area under the curve(AUC)in prediction of closed spina bifida was 0.804,0.744,0.776,0.819,and 0.722 when the ossification center count of distal caudal vertebra was 5.31,4.59,4.81,4.67,and 5.49 as the cut-off value,respectively.Conclusion The conus medullaris moves upward with the increase of gestational weeks in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy.The ossification center count of the distal caudal vertebra is less than 6 in most fetuses with closed spina bifida,which is conducive to screening for closed spina bifida.

The traditional experimental teaching mode of forensic science and biological evidence is mostly confined to experimental operation, which is not capable of cultivating students' comprehensive quality and post competency. Therefore, it is urgent to seek an innovative teaching and training mode. At present, the experimental teaching of forensic science and biological evidence is dominated by teachers. There are some problems, such as insufficient training of students' scientific thinking and innovation ability, single teaching and evaluation model, and disconnection from the practical application. This paper proposes an experimental teaching design scheme of forensic science and biological evidence based on post competency training. The course is implanted in the framework of simulated cases, and the virtual simulation experiment platform and group discussion learning method are used to achieve a training model oriented by social needs and centered on students. In the preliminary study on the students who were trained in this mode of selected sections, we found that, compared with traditional teaching, the time for students to complete the prescribed experimental operation in this teaching mode was shortened by 4 minutes on average, and the average score of theoretical course test case analysis questions was increased by 1.5 points. In conclusion, the instructional design of the experiment teaching forensic science and biological evidence can effectively improve students' post-competency, and it deserves further exploration and application.

Objective:To analyze immune reconstitution and influencing factors in HIV infected men who have sex with men (MSM) with access to antiviral therapy (ART) in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (Guangxi) during 2005-2021.Methods:The data were collected from Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System. The study subjects were HIV infected MSM with access to the initial ART for ≥24 weeks in Guangxi from 2005 to 2021 and HIV RNA lower than the detection limit within 24 months. The proportion of infected MSM who had immune reconstitution after ART was calculated. Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of immune reconstitution. Software SPSS 24.0 was used for statistical analysis.Results:A total of 3 200 HIV infected MSM were enrolled, in whom 15.56 % (498/3 200) had no immune reconstitution, 14.78% (473/3 200) had moderate immune reconstitution, and the rate of complete immune reconstitution was 69.66% (2 229/3 200). The M ( Q1, Q3) of ART time for immune reconstitution was 12 (5, 27) months. Multivariate Cox proportional risk regression model analysis results showed that compared with those with initial ART at age ≥30 years, WHO clinical stage Ⅲ/Ⅳ illness, baseline BMI <18.50 kg/m 2 and baseline CD4 +T lymphocyte (CD4) counts <200 cells/μl, HIV infected MSM with initial ART at age <30 years, WHO clinical stageⅠ/Ⅱ illness, baseline BMI≥24.00 kg/m 2 and baseline CD4 counts ≥200 cells/μl were more likely to have complete immune reconstitution. Conclusions:In the HIV infected MSM in Guangxi, failures to achieve moderate and complete immune reconstitution were observed. Surveillance and ART regimen should be improved for key populations, such as those with older age and low baseline CD4 counts.

Objective:To analyze the current situation of myopia and its related factors among primary school students in a certain district of Beijing City in 2022, and provide a basis for the risk assessment of myopia among primary school students.Method:In June 2022, a cluster sampling method was used to include 376 third-grade students from a primary school in a certain district of Beijing. A questionnaire survey was conducted to collect basic information about students, including eye usage habits, reading and writing postures, and parents′ myopia conditions. The examination of students′ distant visual acuity and refractive status was performed. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the related factors of myopia occurrence.Results:The age of 376 primary school students was (8.87±0.417) years old, with 48.40% (182) being male. A total of 196 myopia cases were identified, with a myopia rate of 52.13%. The results of the multivariate logistic regression model analysis showed that students who sometimes read while lying down ( OR=2.003, 95% CI: 1.128-3.555), often read while lying down ( OR=18.853, 95% CI: 4.512-78.778), had outdoor activity time less than 120 minutes per day ( OR=4.937, 95% CI: 2.4464-9.892), were engaged in indoor break activities ( OR=4.995, 95% CI: 2.773-8.996), performed eye exercises less than once per day ( OR=8.710, 95% CI: 4.464-16.995), had a reading distance from the book less than 30 cm ( OR=5.098, 95% CI: 2.410-10.787), occasionally maintained a fist distance from the edge of the desk ( OR=1.918, 95% CI: 1.086-3.385), and had high school desks and tables ( OR=5.325, 95% CI: 1.465-19.359) could have a higher risk of myopia occurrence, compared with those who never read while lying down, had outdoor activity time more than 120 minutes per day, maintained outdoor break activities, performed eye exercises more than once per day, had a reading distance from the book more than 30 cm, always maintained a fist distance from the edge of the desk, and had short school desks and tables. Conclusion:The incidence rate of myopia among primary school students in a certain district of Beijing City. in 2022 is relatively high. The occurrence of myopia is related to insufficient outdoor activity time and poor eye usage habits.

Objective To test the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Caregiver Contri-bution to Self-Care of Chronic Illness Inventory in the caregivers of elderly patients with COPD.Methods The general information questionnaire and the Chinese version of the Caregiver Contribution to Self-Care of Chronic Illness Inventory were used to conduct questionnaire survey on 220 caregivers of elderly patients with COPD treated or hospitalized in the respiratory medicine department of a tertiary hospital in Hebei Province from October 2022 to February 2023,and the reliability and validity of the scale were tested.Results The i-tem-level content validity index was 0.833-1.000,the content validity index at the level of unanimity scale was 0.842 and the content validity index of the average scale level was 0.973.The confirmatory factor analysis showed that all the fitting indicators of the total scale and the caregiver's contribution to self-care mainte-nance,monitoring contribution and management contribution subscale were within the acceptable range.The Cronbach's α coefficients of the total scale and the three subscales were 0.918,0.865,0.830 and 0.897,re-spectively.The split-half reliabilities of the total scale and the three subscales were 0.843,0.855,0.842 and 0.906,respectively.The test-retest reliabilities of the total scale and the three subscales were 0.849,0.734,0.751 and 0.773,respectively.Conclusion The Chinese version of the Caregiver Contribution to Self-Care of Chro-nic Illness Inventory has good reliability and validity,and can be used as a reliable tool to measure the caregivers con-tribution to elderly COPD patients self-care.

Objective To evaluate the effect of inverse ratio ventilation (IRV) strategy on the pulmona-ry function in obese patients with laparoscopic operation under general anesthesia.Methods The databases of Web of Science,Cochrane Library,Embase,PubMed,CNKI,Wangfang and VIP were systematically retrieved. All study literatures of randomized controlled trials of using IRV strategy in obese patients with laparoscopic operation under general anesthesia were collected.The conventional ventilation group adopted the conventional volume controlled protective pulmonary mechanical ventilation (respiratory ratio was 1:2).The IRV group adopted IRV(respiratory ratio was 1:1-2:1).The retrieval time was the database establishment to May 21,2022.Based on the inclusion and exclusion standard,the Endnote was used to screen the literatures,the Co-chrane risk bias evaluation tool was used to evaluate the quality of included literatures and the meta analysis was performed by using the RevMan5.3 software.Results Five articles were finally included by screening,in-volving 312 patients,there were 156 cases in the IRV group and 156 cases in the conventional ventilation group.The inspiratory peak pressure at pneumoperitoneum 30 min (MD=-3.06,95％CI:-3.77 to-2.34,P<0.01) and pneumoperitoneum 60 min (MD=-3.58,95％CI:-4.08 to-3.07,P<0.01) in the IRV group was decreased compared with the conventional ventilation group;the average airway pressure at pneu-moperitoneum 30 min (MD=1.95,95％CI:1.51-2.39,P<0.01),pneumoperitoneum 60 min (MD=1.87,95％CI:1.40-2.35,P<0.01) was increased compared with the conventional ventilation group;the pulmona-ry dynamic lung compliance at pneumoperitoneum 30 min (MD=2.78,95％CI:2.05-3.52,P<0.01) and pneumoperitoneum 60 min (MD=1.87,95％CI:1.40-2.33,P<0.01) was also increased compared with the conventional ventilation group;the oxygenation index (MD=66.83,95％CI:51.11-82.54,P<0.01) and oxygen saturation (PaO2,MD=35.20,95％CI:28.21-42.19,P<0.01) at pneumoperitoneum 60 min in the IRV group was increased compared with the conventional ventilation group.There was no statistically significant difference in PaCO2,PETCO2,mean arterial pressure,heart rate,SaO2,postoperative shoulder pain incidence,and post-operative subcutaneous emphysema incidence between the two groups (P>0.05).Conclusion Application of IRV in the obese patients with laparoscopic surgery under general anesthesia has a certain pulmonary protective effect,which could serve as a selection for mechanic ventilation modes in obese patients in clinic.