ObjectiveTo investigate the mechanism by which 2，3，5，4'-tetrahydroxyldiphenylethylene-2-O-glucoside （THSG） mitigates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion （CI/R） injury by regulating mitochondrial calcium overload and promoting mitophagy. MethodsSixty male SD rats were randomized into sham， model， SAS （40 mg·kg^-1）， and low-， medium- and high-dose （10， 20， 40 mg·kg^-1， respectively） THSG groups， with 10 rats in each group. The middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion （MCAO/R） model was established by the modified Longa suture method. An oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation （OGD/R） model was constructed in PC12 cells. Neurological deficits were assessed via Zea Longa scoring， and cerebral infarct volume was measured by 2，3，5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride （TTC） staining. Structural and functional changes of cortical neurons in MCAO/R rats were assessed by hematoxylin-eosin and Nissl staining. PC12 cell viability was detected by cell counting kit-8 （CCK-8） assay， and mitochondrial calcium levels were quantified by Rhod-2 AM. Immunofluorescence was used to detect co-localization of PTEN-induced kinase 1 （PINK1） and leucine zipper/EF-hand-containing transmembrane protein 1 （LETM1） in neurons. Transmission electron microscopy （TEM） was employed to observe mitochondrial morphology in neurons. Western blot was employed to analyze the expression of translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 20 （TOMM20）， autophagy-associated protein p62， microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 （LC3）， cysteinyl aspartate-specific proteinase-9 （Caspase-9）， B-cell lymphoma 2-associated protein X （Bax）， and cytochrome C （Cyt C）. ResultsCompared with the sham group， the model group exhibited increased infarct volume （P<0.01） and neurological deficit scores （P<0.01）， neuronal structure was disrupted with reduced Nissl bodies. （P<0.01）， mitochondrial swelling/fragmentation， decreased PINK1/LETM1 co-localization （P<0.01）， upregulated protein levels of LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ， TOMM20， Caspase-9， Bax， and Cyt C （P<0.01）， downregulated protein level of p62 （P<0.05）， weakened PC12 viability （P<0.01）， and elevated mitochondrial calcium level （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， THSG and SAS groups showed reduced infarct volumes （P<0.05，P<0.01） and neurological deficit scores （P<0.05，P<0.01）， mitigated mitochondrial damage， and increased PINK1/LETM1 co-localization （P<0.01）. Medium/high-dose THSG and SAS alleviated the neurological damage， increased Nissl bodies （P<0.05，P<0.01）， downregulated the protein levels of p62， TOMM20， Caspase-9， Bax， and Cyt C （P<0.05，P<0.01）， and elevated the LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ level （P<0.05，P<0.01）. High-dose THSG enhanced PC12 cell viability （P<0.01）， increased PINK1/LETM1 co-localization （P<0.01）， and reduced mitochondrial calcium （P<0.01）. ConclusionTHSG may exert the neuroprotective effect on CI/R injury by activating the PINK1-LETM1 signaling pathway， reducing the mitochondrial calcium overload， and promoting mitophagy.

ObjectiveTo investigate the mechanism by which 2，3，5，4'-tetrahydroxyldiphenylethylene-2-O-glucoside （THSG） mitigates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion （CI/R） injury by regulating mitochondrial calcium overload and promoting mitophagy. MethodsSixty male SD rats were randomized into sham， model， SAS （40 mg·kg^-1）， and low-， medium- and high-dose （10， 20， 40 mg·kg^-1， respectively） THSG groups， with 10 rats in each group. The middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion （MCAO/R） model was established by the modified Longa suture method. An oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation （OGD/R） model was constructed in PC12 cells. Neurological deficits were assessed via Zea Longa scoring， and cerebral infarct volume was measured by 2，3，5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride （TTC） staining. Structural and functional changes of cortical neurons in MCAO/R rats were assessed by hematoxylin-eosin and Nissl staining. PC12 cell viability was detected by cell counting kit-8 （CCK-8） assay， and mitochondrial calcium levels were quantified by Rhod-2 AM. Immunofluorescence was used to detect co-localization of PTEN-induced kinase 1 （PINK1） and leucine zipper/EF-hand-containing transmembrane protein 1 （LETM1） in neurons. Transmission electron microscopy （TEM） was employed to observe mitochondrial morphology in neurons. Western blot was employed to analyze the expression of translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 20 （TOMM20）， autophagy-associated protein p62， microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 （LC3）， cysteinyl aspartate-specific proteinase-9 （Caspase-9）， B-cell lymphoma 2-associated protein X （Bax）， and cytochrome C （Cyt C）. ResultsCompared with the sham group， the model group exhibited increased infarct volume （P<0.01） and neurological deficit scores （P<0.01）， neuronal structure was disrupted with reduced Nissl bodies. （P<0.01）， mitochondrial swelling/fragmentation， decreased PINK1/LETM1 co-localization （P<0.01）， upregulated protein levels of LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ， TOMM20， Caspase-9， Bax， and Cyt C （P<0.01）， downregulated protein level of p62 （P<0.05）， weakened PC12 viability （P<0.01）， and elevated mitochondrial calcium level （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， THSG and SAS groups showed reduced infarct volumes （P<0.05，P<0.01） and neurological deficit scores （P<0.05，P<0.01）， mitigated mitochondrial damage， and increased PINK1/LETM1 co-localization （P<0.01）. Medium/high-dose THSG and SAS alleviated the neurological damage， increased Nissl bodies （P<0.05，P<0.01）， downregulated the protein levels of p62， TOMM20， Caspase-9， Bax， and Cyt C （P<0.05，P<0.01）， and elevated the LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ level （P<0.05，P<0.01）. High-dose THSG enhanced PC12 cell viability （P<0.01）， increased PINK1/LETM1 co-localization （P<0.01）， and reduced mitochondrial calcium （P<0.01）. ConclusionTHSG may exert the neuroprotective effect on CI/R injury by activating the PINK1-LETM1 signaling pathway， reducing the mitochondrial calcium overload， and promoting mitophagy.

By examining the records related to the Fengfu （GV 16） acupoint in BIAN Que Heart Book （《扁鹊心书》） compiled by the Song Dynasty physician DOU Cai， this study analyzed various aspects， including the differentiation of conditions treated with Fengfu （GV 16） acupoint， the theoretical foundation for selection of Fengfu （GV 16） acupoint， the application of needling manipulation， and the sensation of obtaining qi during acupuncture. The findings suggest that DOU Cai's approach to utilizing Fengfu （GV 16） acupoint differs from traditional methods， particularly emphasizing the effectiveness of achieving a sensation of heat and numbness. His unique techniques include transverse insertion at Fengfu （GV 16） acupoint and penetrated insertion to Fengchi （GB 20） and Yifeng （TE 17） acupoints. The records of Fengfu （GV 16） acupoint in BIAN Que Heart Book provide a valuable reference for its modern clinical application and further development.

Objective To investigate the effects of cultured mycelium Cordyceps sinensis(CMCS)on the AMPK/SirT1 signaling pathway in carbon tetrachloride(CCl4)-induced liver fibrosis in mice.Methods Forty male SPF-grade C57BL/6 mice were divided randomly into a normal control group,CMCS control group(3.0 g/kg),model control group,CMCS1.5 g/kg group,and CMCS 3.0 g/kg group.Mice were injected intraperitoneally with 10%CCl4(2 mL/kg)to induce liver fibrosis.Two weeks later,serum levels of alanine transaminase(ALT),aspartate transaminase(AST),and total bilirubin(TBil)were measured.Inflammation and collagen deposition in liver tissue were observed by hematoxylin and eosin(HE)and Sirius red staining,respectively.The content of hydroxyproline in liver tissue was detected by Jamall's hydrochloric acid hydrolysis method.Levels of interleukin(IL)-6,monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1),interferon,tumor necrosis factor(TNF),IL-10,and IL-12p70 in liver tissue were detected using a cytometric bead array analysis system.Collagen Ⅰ and SirT1 expression in liver tissue were detected by immunohisotochemistry,and Prkaa1,Prkaa2,Lkb1,and p53 gene expression were detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction.Results Serum levels of ALT,AST,and TBil were significantly increased in the model control group compared with those in the normal control group(P＜0.05).HE and Sirius red staining showed extensive inflammatory cell infiltration and collagen deposition in the liver,respectively.Hydroxyproline content and expression levels of IL-6,MCP-1,and TNF in the liver were significantly increased(P＜0.05),while IL-10 and IL-12p70 levels were significantly decreased(P＜0.01).Immunohistochemical staining revealed an increase in Collagen Ⅰ expression and SirT1 staining was decreased in the hepatic sinusoidal space,while collagen deposition was increased.Prkaa1,Prkaa2,and Lkb1 gene expression levels were decreased and p53 was increased in liver tissue(P＜0.05).CMCS significantly reduced serum ALT and AST levels,decreased IL-6,MCP-1,and TNF expression in liver tissue(P＜0.05),up-regulated IL-10 and IL-12p70(P＜0.05),alleviated liver inflammation,collagen deposition,and hydroxyproline content,up-regulated the expression of SirT1 in the hepatic sinusoidal space,enhanced Prkaa1,Prkaa2,and Lkb1 expression(P＜0.05),and down-regulated Collagen Ⅰ and p53(P＜0.05)in the liver.Compared with CMCS 1.5 g/kg,CMCS 3.0 g/kg significantly inhibited liver inflammation and collagen deposition and up-regulated AMPK/SirT1 expression(P＜0.05).Conclusions CMCS could improve CCl4-induced liver fibrosis via up-regulation of the AMPK/SirT1 signaling pathway.

Objective To assess transcriptomic differences between carbon tetrachloride(CCl4)-induced and diethyl 1,4-dihydro-2,4,6-trimethyl-3,5-pyridinedicarboxylate(DDC)diet-induced mouse models of liver fibrosis to provide a framework for future research using mouse liver fibrosis models.Methods Mouse models of liver fibrosis were induced by a 10％ CCl4(2 mL/kg)injection or a 0.1％DDC diet.After 4 weeks of induction,serum levels of ALT,AST,and TBil were measured.HE and Sirius red staining were used to observe hepatic inflammation and collagen deposition.Jamall's method was used to evaluate hydroxyproline(Hyp)content in liver tissues.Hepatic tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin(IL)-6,and IL-1β were measured by ELISA.Total RNA was extracted from murine liver tissues for RNA-sequencing(RNA-seq).Differentially expressed genes of the two models were analyzed by R software and then GO and KEGG enrichment was performed.Then,genes with significant differences were verified.Results Compared with normal mice,serum levels of ALT,AST,and TBil and hepatic expression of TNF-α,IL-6,and IL-1β were significantly increased in mice that received CCl4 and DDC,while the Alb serum level was decreased.Pathological staining showed that the structures of liver tissues were destroyed and a large number of hepatocytes around the central vein were hyalinized and necrotic in CCl4-treated mice.In DDC diet-treated mice,a large amount of porphyrins had been deposited in the liver and a large number of inflammatory cells had infiltrated into the portal area and bile duct.Different degrees of collagen deposition were observed in the liver tissues of the two model mice.Different genes(DEGs)of CCl4-and DDC diet-treated mice were screened using a filter(|logFC|＞2-fold and P＜0.05).As a result,1820 and 2373 DEGs in CCl4-and DDC diet-treated mice were analyzed,including 1302 and 1978 upregulated genes,and 518 and 395 downregulated genes,respectively.GO annotation showed that the two models had important functions in molecular function,biological process,and cell component.KEGG analysis showed that 22 and 29 signaling pathways were activated in CCl4-and DDC diet-induced models,respectively.Among them,16 signaling pathways,such as extracellular matrix receptor interaction,cell cycle,protein digestion and absorption,focal adhesion,and PI3K-Akt,were significantly enriched in the two models(P＜0.05).Cluster analysis showed that Mup11,Mup15,Mup17,and Mup1 were significantly down-regulated in both models,which were identified by RT-qPCR(P＜0.05).Conclusions This study conducted a comparative analysis of the RNA-Seq transcriptomic features of liver fibrosis models induced by exposure to CCl4 and a DDC diet.It examined the gene expression patterns and the pathways influenced by gene expression.The findings serve as a valuable resource for selecting appropriate animal models for future research on the pathogenesis and treatment of liver fibrosis.

Objective:To investigate the plasma differential protein expressions between patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and normal controls, and to search plasma protein markers or protein combinations with screening or diagnostic significance.Methods:Plasma samples from 98 patients with dementia of Alzheimer type (DAT), 102 patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and 101 normal controls (NC) were collected from Wuxi Mental Health Center and Shanghai Mental Health Center from 2016 to 2018.The expression levels of 50 kinds of plasma proteins in all plasma samples were detected by Milliplex MAP assays(xMAP).Analysis of variance, regression analysis, discriminant analysis, and ROC analysis on the data were performed using SPSS 20.0 software.Results:(1)Compared with the NC group, 26 plasma proteins were up-regulated and 4 proteins were down-regulated in DAT group, while 6 proteins were up-regulated and 4 proteins were down-regulated in MCI group(all P<0.05).Compared with the NC group, 6 proteins were upregulated in both MIC group and DAT group, which were clusterin(Clust) (613.41(278.89), 761.76(358.60), 473.01(321.73)), cystatin C(Cys C) (691.88(441.34), 852.28(551.75), 548.64(545.28)), transthyretin(TTR) (207.10(168.60), 220.95(151.20), 152.89(162.70)), complement factor H(Com FH) (331.67(218.37), 361.69(124.64), 225.79(236.82)), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1(sICAM1) (109.30(49.47), 137.21(50.36), 87.06(57.59), and apolipoprotein E(APOE) (79.33(78.13), 79.31(68.85), 54.88(67.34)).The serum amyloid P component(SAP) was downregulated in both DAT and MCI groups(121.23(311.31), 92.39(156.62), 125.00(242.82)) compared with NC group.(2)Three sets of protein combination were screened by differential analysis, regression analysis, and discriminant analysis, including 8 proteins, 9 proteins and 7 proteins, respectively.And SAP, angiotensin (AGT), osteopontin (OPN), and complement C4 (Com C4) were the compared with NC group most frequently selected protein.The screening correct rate of three protein combinations were respectively 67.4%-71.4% for AD, 82.4%-88.4% for DAT, and 60.6%-63.5% for MCI. Conclusions:A variety of plasma proteins such as Clust, Cys C, TTR, Com FH, sICAM1, APOE are upregulated, while SAP is downregulated in AD patients.These differential protein combinations can help with early diagnosis of dementia with Alzheimer type.SAP, AGT, OPN and Com C4 may be potential markers for early screening or diagnosis of AD.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of s-ketamine on perioperative myocardial injury in patients undergoing liver transplantation.Methods:This was a prospective randomized controlled study. Sixty American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status classification Ⅲ or Ⅳ patients, aged 18-64 yr, with New York Heart Association classⅠ-Ⅲ, undergoing elective liver transplantation with general anesthesia in our hospital from May to October 2023, were divided into 2 groups ( n=30 each) using a random number table method: s-ketamine group (group S) and control group (group C). In group S, s-ketamine was intravenously injected at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg after induction of anesthesia, followed by an infusion of 0.5 mg·kg -1·h -1 until the end of surgery. The equal volume of normal saline was given instead in group C. Central venous blood samples were collected after induction of anesthesia (T 0), at 30 min of anhepatic phase (T 1), 30 min of neopepatic phase (T 2), abdominal closure (T 3), 24 h after operation (T 4) and 72 h after operation (T 5) for determination of the concentrations of serum high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I, creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-10 and high-mobility group protein B1 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The occurrence of adverse cardiac events during surgery and within 24 h after surgery, postoperative mechanical ventilation time, time of intensive care unit stay, and postoperative length of hospital stay were recorded. Results:Compared with group C, the concentrations of serum high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I, creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, tumor necrosis factor-α and IL-6 at T 2-5 and high-mobility group protein B1 at T 2-4 were significantly decreased, the concentrations of serum IL-10 were increased at T 2-5, the incidence of myocardial ischemia was decreased, the mechanical ventilation time was shortened ( P<0.05), and no significant change was found in the time of intensive care unit stay and postoperative length of hospital stay in S group ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Intraoperative usage of s-ketamine can inhibit the inflammatory responses and reduce perioperative myocardial injury in the patients undergoing liver transplantation.

Objective:To explore the effect of esketamine on inflammatory cytokines and myocardial injury markers in children undergoing living-donor liver transplantation (LT).Methods:Considering the inclusion criteria, 50 children with biliary atresia were selected for living donor LT. They were equally randomized into two groups of control (C) and esketamine (E) (25 cases each). Esketamine 0.5 mg/kg was administered to group E during induction and continued at a dose of 0.5 mg·kg –1·h -1 after an induction of anesthesia. Group C provided the same dose of 0.9% sodium chloride injection during induction and then continued to pumping until the end of the procedure. Basic profiles of two groups were recorded. Hemodynamic parameters, such as heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and central venous pressure (CVP), were monitored at 5 min of anesthesia induction (T 0), 30 min of anhepatic phase (T 1), immediately after repercussion (T 2), 30 min of neohepatic phase (T 3) and end of surgery (T 4) in both groups. Central venous blood samples were collected at T 0, T 1, T 3 and T 4. Serum levels of cardiac troponin I (cTnI), creatine kinase isoenzyme-MB (CK-MB) ,tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured. The incidence of adverse cardiac events, postoperative mechanical ventilation time, ICU stay and hospitalization length were compared. Results:As compared with T 0, mean arterial pressure (MAP) at T 2 declined markedly in group E [(48.6±12.7) mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) vs (55.6±10.7) mmHg, P<0.001] and C [(39.3±8.0) mmHg vs (53.2±9.4) mmHg, P<0.001 ] ;As compared with T 0, the TNF-α and IL-6 spiked at T 3 in group C [169.0 (207.1) ng/L vs 43.8 (26.4) ng/L, (132.63±51.75) ng/L vs (51.79±17.83) ng/L, P<0.001] and E [78.5 (138.8) ng/L vs 43.8 (26.4) ng/L, (87.44±32.17) ng/L vs (51.79±17.83) ng/L, P<0.001 ] ; In group C, the concentration of myocardial injury markers CK-MB and cTnI rose at T 3/T 4 compared with T 0[T 3 vs T 0: 5.7 (5.4) μg/L vs 4.0 (3.5) μg/L, 0.09 (0.08) μg/L vs 0.02 (0.02) μg/L; T 4 vs T 0: 5.3 (5.0) μg/L vs 4.0 (3.5) μg/L, 0.07 (0.08) μg/L vs 0.02 (0.02) μg/L, P<0.001 ]. In group E, the levels of CK-MB and cTnI were higher at T 3/T 4 than those at T 0[T 3 vs T 0: 7.0 (5.0) μg/L vs 4.6 (2.1) μg/L, 0.06 (0.09) μg/L vs 0.03 (0.04) μg/L; T 4 vs T 0: 5.4 (4.9) μg/L vs 4.6 (2.1) μg/L, 0.03 (0.06) μg/L vs 0.03 (0.04) μg/L; P<0.001]. Compared with group C, the MAP of E rose at T 1/T 2/T 3 [(58.8±10.3) mmHg vs (53.3±8.6) mmHg, P=0.048; (48.6±12.7) mmHg vs (39.3± 8.0) mmHg, P=0.003; (55.8±7.4) mmHg vs (51.5±7.3) mmHg, P=0.044]. Compared with group C, TNF-α and IL-6 decreased in E at T 3/T 4[T 3: 78.5 (138.8) ng/L vs 169.0 (207.1) ng/L, P=0.010; (87.44±32.17) ng/L vs (132.63±51.75) ng/L, P=0.017. T 4: 62.3 (118.3) ng/L vs 141.3 (129.2) ng/L, P=0.001; (74.34±26.38) ng/L vs (100.59±30.40) ng/L, P=0.002]. Compared with group C, cTnI decreased in E at T 3/T 4[0.06 (0.09) μg/L vs 0.09 (0.08) μg/L, P=0.014; 0.03 (0.06) μg/L vs 0.07 (0.08) μg/L, P=0.003]. Compared with group C, the mechanical ventilation time in group E decreased [195 (120) min vs 315 (239) min, P<0.001]. Compared with group C, the incidence of severe hypotension [16%(4/25) vs 48% (12/25), P=0.015 ], bradycardia [12% (3/25) vs 36 % (9/25), P=0.047 ], myocardial ischemia [4 % (1 /25) vs 24 % (6/25), P=0.042 ] and premature ventricular contractions [0 vs 4 %(1/25), P=0.312 ] decreased in group E. Conclusion:Intraoperative dosing of esketamine may suppress inflammatory reactions and alleviate perioperative myocardial injury in children undergoing living-donor LT.

Objective To construct a mouse model of psoriasis with spleen deficiency and dampness obstruction pattern and evaluate the model from multiple dimensions and directions,expects to provide research support for the study of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) treatment of psoriasis with spleen deficiency and dampness obstruction pattern. Methods A mouse model of spleen deficiency and dampness obstruction pattern was established by feeding a high-fat diet,a mouse model of psoriasis vulgaris was established by externally applying imiquimod ointment,and a mouse model of psoriasis with spleen deficiency and dampness obstruction pattern was constructed by combining the above two models. Indications of spleen deficiency and dampness obstruction pattern were evaluated by comparing the body mass,food intake and water intake of mice in each group. The severity of psoriasis in mice was evaluated by comparing the area of skin lesions,PASI score,the value of transdermal water loss (TEWL),and histopathological morphological changes of skin under HE staining in each group. Flow cytometry was used to detect the expression in various cell types to evaluate the degree of inflammatory response of psoriasis in mice. Observation of adiposity index,changes in the histopathological morphology of liver tissue under HE staining,changes in the mRNA expression levels of related factors in liver tissue and adipose tissue of epididymis of mice detected by RT-qPCR,and changes of ABCA1 protein expression level of skin detected by Western Blot were used to evaluate the lipid metabolism disorders in mice. Results Compared with the mice in the psoriasis vulgaris model group,the mice in the model of psoriasis with pattern of spleen deficiency and dampness obstruction had significantly higher body mass (P<0.001),significantly lower food intake (P<0.005),and the symptoms of pattern of spleen deficiency and dampness obstruction such as greasy fur,mental fatigue,etc. appeared. The TWEL were significantly increased(P<0.001),and the PASI scores also significantly increased(P<0.001). HE results were found psoriasis-like manifestations including hypertrophy of the spinous layer and clubbed hyperplasia. The expression of CD11bhighLy6G+neutrophil subpopulation,CD11binLy6Chigh monocyte subpopulation,CD11binCD11chigh classical dendritic cell subpopulation,F4/80-CD11c+dendritic cell subpopulation was significantly increased (P<0.001). HE staining suggested that the cellular morphology of liver showed obvious vacuolated degeneration,and the index of subcutaneous white adiposity and epididymal adiposity index were both significantly increased (P<0.005). The mRNA levels of FABP4 and CD36 in liver tissue were significantly elevated(P<0.005,P<0.001),while the mRNA expression levels of ABCA1 and PPARγ in epididymal fat tissue were decreased (P<0.05,P<0.01). ABCA1 protein level in skin increased(P>0.05). Conclusion The mouse model of psoriasis with spleen deficiency and dampness obstruction pattern can be used as a reliable animal model for combining disease and pattern,which can provide a reference for further exploration of TCM in the treatment of psoriasis with spleen deficiency and dampness obstruction pattern.

Objective:To compare the accuracy of dynamic navigation system,fully-guided and Pilot-drill guided implant surgery in anterior dental aesthetic area.Methods:45 patients underwent single tooth implantation in anterior dental aesthetic area were random-ly divided into 3 groups(n=15).Dynamic navigation system imlanting(A),3D printing fully-guided template with ASTRA EV assis-ted orthopedic implantation(B)and Pilot-drill guided implantation(C)were respectively used for the patients in group A,B and C.The deviation between the preoperative design and actual results were measured by CBCT and/or 3D reconstruction with navigation de-sign software or 3SHAPE software.SPSS 25.0 software package was used and(x)±s was used for descriptive analysis,results were pair-wise compared among the 3 groups using ANOVA.Results:Data were normally distributed and the variance of the data was homoge-neous.In group A,the distance deviation of implant top center was(0.571±0.196)mm,the horizontal deviation was(0.405±0.222)mm,the distance deviation of implant apical center was(0.449±0.267)mm,the vertical deviation was(0.312±0.223)mm,the de-viation of the connection angle between the two centers was 2.257°±0.989°.In group B,those were(0.520±0.242)mm,(0.219±0.201)mm,(0.643±0.284)mm,(0.464±0.292)mm and 1.272°±0.951° respectively.In group C those were(1.179±0.365)mm,(0.667±0.276)mm,(1.518±0.566)mm,(0.967±0.444)mm and 2.568°±0.632°.The deviation of all the measurments of group A and B was lower than those of group C(P＜0.05).The deviation of the connection angle between the 2 centers of group B was less than that of group A(P＜0.05),but no statistical significance(P＞0.05)was found in other 4 measured items.Conslusion:The accuracy of the dynamic navigation system and the fully-guided implantation is significantly higher than that of the Pilot-drill guided implantation,but is not statistically significant between dynamic navigation and the fully-guided system.