INTRODUCTION: The superiority of laparoscopic repair over open repair of incisional hernias (IHs) in the elective setting is still controversial. Our study aimed to compare the postoperative outcomes of laparoscopic and open elective IH repair in an Asian population. METHODS: This retrospective study was conducted in an acute general hospital in Singapore between 2010 and 2015. Inclusion criteria were IH repair in an elective setting, IHs with diameter of 3-15 cm, and location at the ventral abdominal wall. We excluded patients who underwent emergency repair, had recurrent hernias or had loss of abdominal wall domain (i.e. hernia sac containing more than 30% of abdominal contents or any solid organs). Postoperative outcomes within a year such as recurrence, pain, infection, haematoma and seroma formation were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: There were 174 eligible patients. The majority were elderly Chinese women who were overweight. Open repair was performed in 49.4% of patients, while 50.6% underwent laparoscopic repair. The mean operation time for open repair was 116 minutes (116 ± 60.6 minutes) and 139 minutes (136 ± 64.1 minutes) for laparoscopic repair (P = 0.079). Within a year after open repair, postoperative wound infection occurred in 15.1% of the patients in the open repair group compared to 1.1% in the laparoscopic group (P = 0.0007). Postoperative pain, recurrence and haematoma/seroma formation were comparable. CONCLUSION Elective laparoscopic IH repair has comparable outcomes with open repair and may offer the advantage of reduced postoperative wound infection rates.
Humans ; Female ; Aged ; Incisional Hernia/surgery* ; Surgical Wound Infection/epidemiology* ; Retrospective Studies ; Seroma/surgery* ; Herniorrhaphy/adverse effects* ; Surgical Mesh ; Recurrence ; Hernia, Ventral/surgery* ; Laparoscopy/adverse effects* ; Postoperative Complications/surgery*

Objective: This study aims to survey the incidence of surgical site infection (SSI) in China and to analyze its risk factors, so as to prevent and control SSI after colorectal surgery. Methods: An observative study was conducted. Based on a program of Chinese SSI Surveillance from 2018 to 2020, the clinical data of all adult patients undergoing colorectal surgery during this time period were extracted. These included demographic characteristics and perioperative clinical parameters. Minors, pregnant women, obstetric or gynecological surgery, urological system surgery, retroperitoneal surgery, resection of superficial soft tissue masses, and mesh or other implants were excluded. A total of 2122 patients undergoing colorectal surgery from 50 hospitals were included, including 1252 males and 870 females. The median age was 63 (16) years and the median BMI was 23 (4.58) kg/m². The primary outcome was the incidence of SSI within 30 days after colorectal surgery. The secondary outcomes were mortality within 30 days postoperatively, length of ICU stays and postoperative hospital stays, and cost of hospitalization. Patients were divided into the SSI group and non-SSI group based on the occurrence of SSI. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to analyze risk factors of SSI after colorectal surgery, and subgroup analysis was conducted for open and laparoscopic surgery. Results: The incidence of SSI after colorectal surgery was 5.6% (119/2122), including 47 cases (47/119, 39.5%) with superficial incisional infections, 24 cases (24/119, 20.2%) with deep incisional infections, and 48 cases (48/119, 40.3%) with organ/space infections. The occurrence of SSI significantly increased mortality [2.5% (3/119) vs. 0.1%(3/2003), χ²=22.400, P=0.003], the length of ICU stay [0 (1) day vs. 0(0) day, U=131 339, P<0.001], postoperative hospital stay [18.5 (12.8) days vs. 9.0 (6.0) days, U=167 902, P<0.001], and medical expenses [75 000 (49 000) yuan vs. 60 000 (31 000) yuan, U=126 189, P<0.001] (P<0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed that hypertension (OR=1.782, 95%CI: 1.173-2.709, P=0.007), preoperative albumin level (OR=1.680, 95%CI: 1.089-2.592, P=0.019), a contaminated or infected incision (OR= 1.993, 95%CI: 1.076-3.689, P=0.028), emergency surgery (OR=2.067, 95%CI: 1.076-3.972, P=0.029), open surgery (OR=2.132, 95%CI: 1.396-3.255, P<0.001), and surgical duration (OR=1.804, 95%CI: 1.188-2.740, P=0.006) were risk factors for SSI, while preoperative skin preparation (OR=0.478, 95%CI: 0.310-0.737, P=0.001) was a protective factor for SSI. Subgroup analysis was performed on patients undergoing open or laparoscopic surgery. The incidence of SSI in the open surgery group was 10.2%, which was significantly higher than that in the laparoscopic or robotic group (3.5%, χ²=39.816, P<0.001). Subgroup analysis identified that a contaminated or infected incision (OR=2.168, 95%CI: 1.042-4.510, P=0.038) and surgical duration (OR=2.072, 95%CI: 1.171-3.664, P=0.012) were risk factors for SSI after open surgery, while mechanical bowel preparation (OR=0.428, 95%CI: 0.227-0.807, P=0.009) and preoperative skin preparation (OR=0.356, 95%CI: 0.199-0.634, P<0.001) were protective factors for SSI after open surgery. In laparoscopic surgery, diabetes mellitus (OR= 2.292, 95%CI: 1.138-4.617, P=0.020) and hypertension (OR=2.265, 95%CI: 1.234-4.159, P=0.008) were risk factors for SSI. Conclusions: The incidence of SSI after colorectal surgery is 5.6%. Minimally invasive surgery should be selected to reduce the occurrence of postoperative SSI. To prevent the occurrence of SSI after open surgery, skin preparation and mechanical bowel preparation should be performed before the operation, and the duration of the operation should be shortened as much as possible. In the perioperative period, care of patients with hypertension, diabetes, and contaminated or infected incisions should be given particular attention.
Adult ; Albumins ; China/epidemiology* ; Colorectal Surgery/adverse effects* ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension/complications* ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pregnancy ; Surgical Wound Infection/etiology*

The presence of bowel contents during colorectal surgery has been related to surgical site infections (SSI), anastomotic leakage (AL) and postoperative complications theologically. Mechanical bowel preparation (MBP) for elective colorectal surgery aims to reduce fecal materials and bacterial count with the objective to decrease SSI rate, including AL. Based on many observational data, meta-analysis and multicenter randomized control trials (RTC), non-MBP did not increase AL rates or SSI and other complications in colon and even rectal surgery. In 2011 Cochrane review, there is no significant benefit MBP compared with non-MBP in colon surgery and also no better benefit MBP compared with rectal enemas in rectal surgery. However, in surgeon's perspectives, MBP is still in widespread surgical practice, despite the discomfort caused in patients, and general targeting of the colon microflora with antibiotics continues to gain popularity despite the lack of understanding of the role of the microbiome in anastomotic healing. Recently, there are many evidence suggesting that MBP+oral antibiotics (OA) should be the growing gold standard for colorectal surgery. However, there are rare RCT studies and still no solid evidences in OA preparation, so further studies need results in both MBP and OA and only OA for colorectal surgery. Also, MBP studies in patients with having minimally invasive surgery (MIS; laparoscopic or robotics) colorectal surgery are still warranted. Further RCT on patients having elective left side colon and rectal surgery with primary anastomosis in whom sphincter saving surgery without MBP in these MIS and microbiome era.
Anastomotic Leak ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Bacterial Load ; Colon ; Colorectal Surgery ; Enema ; Humans ; Microbiota ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures ; Postoperative Complications ; Surgical Wound Infection

PURPOSE: By comparing the outcomes of total hip arthroplasty with hemiarthroplasty in elderly patients with a femoral neck fracture to investigate the one-year mortality, dislocation, infection, reoperation rate, and thromboembolic event. METHODS: The PubMed, EMBASE databases, and Cochrane library were systematically searched from the inception dates to April 1, 2020 for relevant randomized controlled trials in English language using the keywords: "total hip arthroplasty", "hemiarthroplasty" and "femoral neck fracture" to identify systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Two reviewers independently selected articles, extracted data, assessed the quality evidence and risk bias of included trials using the Cochrane Collaboration' stools, and discussed any disagreements. The third reviewer was consulted for any doubts or uncertainty. We derived risk ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Mortality was defined as the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes were other complications, dislocation, infection, reoperation rate, and thromboembolic event. RESULTS: This meta-analysis included 10 studies with 1419 patients, which indicated that there were no significant differences between hemiarthroplasty and total hip arthroplasty in reoperation, infection rate, and thromboembolic event. However, there was a lower mortality and dislocation rate association with total hip arthroplasty at the one-year follow-up. CONCLUSION Based on our results, we found that total hip arthroplasty was better than hemiarthroplasty for a hip fracture at one-year follow-up.
Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip/methods* ; Female ; Femoral Neck Fractures/surgery* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hemiarthroplasty/methods* ; Humans ; Male ; Postoperative Complications/epidemiology* ; Reoperation/statistics & numerical data* ; Surgical Wound Infection/epidemiology* ; Thromboembolism/epidemiology* ; Time Factors ; Treatment Outcome

Penile prosthesis implantation is the gold standard of surgical therapy for patients with medication-refractory erectile dysfunction. However, this umbrella definition includes significant heterogeneity and associated risk profiles that should be candidly discussed and addressed perioperatively. Factors associated with operative success and patient satisfaction are often surgery specific; however, risk profiling via patient selection, preoperative optimization, proper device selection, and intraoperative consideration are highly correlated. Some examples of common risk profiles include comorbidity(ies) such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, prior abdominal surgery, Peyronie's disease, and psychological risk factors. Similarly, integration of surgeon- and patient-amenable characteristics is key to decreasing risk of infection, complication, and need for revision. Finally, patient risk profiling provides a unique context for proper device selection and evidence-based intraoperative considerations.
Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology* ; Comorbidity ; Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology* ; Erectile Dysfunction/surgery* ; Humans ; Male ; Mental Disorders/epidemiology* ; Patient Satisfaction ; Patient Selection ; Penile Implantation/methods* ; Penile Induration/epidemiology* ; Penile Prosthesis ; Postoperative Complications/prevention & control* ; Prosthesis-Related Infections/prevention & control* ; Reoperation ; Risk Assessment ; Surgical Wound Infection/prevention & control*

The field of prosthetic urology demonstrates the striking impact that simple devices can have on quality of life. Penile prosthesis and artificial urinary sphincter implantation are the cornerstone procedures on which this specialty focuses. Modern research largely concentrates on decreasing the rates of complication and infection, as the current devices offer superior rates of satisfaction when revision is not necessary. These techniques are also able to salvage sexual function and continence in more difficult patient populations including female-to-male transgender individuals, those with ischemic priapism, and those with erectile dysfunction and incontinence secondary to prostatectomy. This review summarizes modern techniques, outcomes, and complications in the field of prosthetic urology.
Erectile Dysfunction/surgery* ; Humans ; Male ; Penile Implantation/methods* ; Penile Prosthesis ; Postoperative Complications/epidemiology* ; Prostatectomy/adverse effects* ; Prosthesis Failure ; Prosthesis Implantation/methods* ; Prosthesis-Related Infections/epidemiology* ; Surgical Wound Infection/epidemiology* ; Urethra/injuries* ; Urinary Incontinence, Stress/surgery* ; Urinary Retention/epidemiology* ; Urinary Sphincter, Artificial ; Urology

Penile prosthesis implant (PPI) remains an effective and safe treatment option for men with erectile dysfunction (ED). However, PPI surgery can be associated with a higher risk of complications in certain populations. This article provides a critical review of relevant publications pertaining to PPI in men with diabetes, significant corporal fibrosis, spinal cord injury, concurrent continence surgery, and complex salvage cases. The discussion of each category of special populations includes a brief review of the surgical challenges and a practical action-based set of recommendations. While specific patient populations posed considerable challenges in PPI surgery, strict pre- and postoperative management coupled with safe surgical practice is a prerequisite to achieving excellent clinical outcomes and high patient satisfaction rate.
Diabetes Complications ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Erectile Dysfunction/surgery* ; Humans ; Male ; Penile Implantation ; Penile Induration/surgery* ; Penile Prosthesis ; Priapism/surgery* ; Prosthesis-Related Infections/prevention & control* ; Salvage Therapy ; Spinal Cord Injuries/complications* ; Suburethral Slings ; Surgical Wound Infection/prevention & control* ; Urinary Incontinence/surgery* ; Urinary Sphincter, Artificial

BACKGROUND: To compare the outcomes of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) in comparison to open thoracic surgery in pediatric patients suffering from empyema. METHODS: A prospective study was carried out in 80 patients referred to the Department of Pediatric Surgery between 2015 and 2018. The patients were randomly divided into thoracotomy and VATS groups (groups I and II, respectively). Forty patients were in the thoracotomy group (16 males [40%], 24 females [60%]; average age, 5.77±4.08 years) and 40 patients were in the VATS group (18 males [45%], 22 females [55%]; average age, 6.27±3.67 years). There were no significant differences in age (p=0.61) or sex (p=0.26). Routine preliminary workups for all patients were ordered, and the patients were followed up for 90 days at regular intervals. RESULTS: The average length of hospital stay (16.28±7.83 days vs. 15.83±9.44 days, p=0.04) and the duration of treatment needed for pain relief (10 days vs. 5 days, p=0.004) were longer in the thoracotomy group than in the VATS group. Thoracotomy patients had surgical wound infections in 27.3% of cases, whereas no cases of infection were reported in the VATS group (p=0.04). CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that VATS was not only less invasive than thoracotomy, but also showed promising results, such as an earlier discharge from the hospital and fewer postoperative complications.
Empyema ; Female ; Humans ; Length of Stay ; Male ; Postoperative Complications ; Prospective Studies ; Surgical Wound Infection ; Thoracic Surgery ; Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted ; Thoracoscopy ; Thoracotomy

PURPOSE: Surgeons may be uncertain about the optimal timing of appendectomy to decrease complications, especially for complicated appendicitis. The aim of the study was to compare clinical outcomes between early and late surgery for complicated appendicitis. METHODS: A prospectively maintained database of complicated appendicitis was queried. Elective interval surgery (EIS) group and early surgery (ES) were matched with propensity score and marked with a prefix ‘p.’ Patient characteristics and surgical outcomes were compared. RESULTS: The propensity score-matched EIS group had a lower chance to underwent ileo-cecectomy or right hemicolectomy (1.5% vs. 6.9%, P = 0.031), a tendency of lower rate of postoperative complication (6.9% vs. 13.7%, P = 0.067), a lower rate of wound infection (1.5% vs. 8.4%, P = 0.010), and shorter postoperative hospital stay (3.72 days vs. 5.82 days, P < 0.001) than the propensity score-matched ES group. Multivariate analysis showed that delayed surgery for more than 48 hours or urgent surgery due to failure of EIS and open conversion were independent risk factors for postoperative complications (P = 0.001 and P = 0.025, respectively). In subgroup analysis, high American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification and distant abscess or generalized ascites in initial CT increased the risk of failure of EIS. CONCLUSION: EIS can be a useful option for selected adult patients with complicated appendicitis.
Abscess ; Adult ; Appendectomy ; Appendicitis ; Ascites ; Classification ; Humans ; Length of Stay ; Multivariate Analysis ; Postoperative Complications ; Propensity Score ; Prospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Surgeons ; Wound Infection

BACKGROUND: Cryptotia is a congenital anomaly in which the upper part of the retroauricular sulcus is absent and buried underneath the temporal skin. Various surgical techniques have been reported for the correction of cryptotia following Kubo’s V-Y plasty in 1933. Conventional methods using a local skin flap, skin grafting, tissue expansion, Z-plasty, and any of these combined approaches can result in skin deficiency of the upper auricle. The aim of this study was to develop a new method that improves cosmetic results and has fewer complications. METHODS: This study involved four patients in whom five cryptotia deformities were corrected using V-Y plasty and Z-plasty. After elevation of the flap, acellular dermal matrix (ADM; MegaDerm) that was over 5 mm in thickness was applied to the cephalo-auricular angle and positioned to enhance the projection of the ear. Lastly, the flap was transposed to complete the repair. RESULTS: Between January 2014 and February 2018, cryptotia correction with ADM graft was performed in four patients. None of the patients developed a recurrence of cryptotia, and there were no postoperative complications such as wound infection, seroma formation, and dehiscence. In addition, the procedures resulted in a favorable cosmetic appearance. CONCLUSION: Based on these findings, i.e., no recurrence and a favorable cosmetic result, when using an ADM graft, it is suggested that this technique could be an alternative method of cryptotia correction. It could also lessen donor-site morbidity when compared to autologous cartilage grafting and be more cost-effective than using cartilage from a cadaver.
Acellular Dermis ; Cadaver ; Cartilage ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Ear ; Ear Cartilage ; Humans ; Methods ; Postoperative Complications ; Recurrence ; Seroma ; Skin ; Skin Transplantation ; Tissue Expansion ; Transplants ; Wound Infection