Purpose: The aim of this study is to summarize cancer risk among patients with clinical indications of immunosuppressive and antineoplastic drugs in Korea, which are pharmaceuticals defined as group 1 by International Agency for Research on Cancer. Materials and Methods: We conducted a nationwide population-based retrospective cohort study using the Korean National Health Insurance Service claims data from 2002 to 2018. Patients with clinical indications for group 1 pharmaceuticals from 2002 to 2017 were selected as baseline population, and followed up until 2018. Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to analyze the risk of cancer and dose-response relationship between group 1 pharmaceuticals and cancer. Results: Azathioprine use increased the risk of skin and hematologic cancer (hazard ratio [HR], 4.63; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.91 to 7.39 and HR, 3.15; 95% CI, 2.41 to 4.13). Cyclosporine use increased the risk of skin and hematologic cancer (HR, 2.30; 95% CI, 1.79 to 2.95 and HR, 2.96; 95% CI, 2.59 to 3.40). Cyclophosphamide use increased the risk of bladder and hematologic cancer (HR, 2.69; 95% CI, 1.92 to 3.78 and HR, 3.83; 95% CI, 3.20 to 4.59). Chlorambucil use increased the risk of hematologic cancer (HR, 3.51; 95% CI, 2.53 to 4.87) and melphalan use increased the risk of hematologic cancer (HR, 16.31; 95% CI, 13.41 to 19.85). Methoxsalen use increased the risk of skin cancer (HR, 2.32; 95% CI, 1.36 to 3.95). Conclusion Group 1 pharmaceuticals were associated with increased risk of cancer. The results are expected to help establish alternative clinical strategies and policies for patients with clinical indications of group 1 pharmaceuticals, by continuous risk analysis and discussions on the surveillance systems.

suggest that some reproductive factors associated with BC differ across ethnicities and time trends, perhaps due to the prevalence of reproductive factors and the baseline hazard of BC.

A raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides koreensis) was rescued with moderate Sarcoptes scabiei infestation and a pressure sore on the right metatarsal region. The animal exhibited non-weight-bearing lameness in the right hind limb. Radiographic examination revealed osteolytic changes in the right calcaneus. Musculoskeletal ultrasonography of the tarsal region revealed a markedly thickened and inhomogeneous gastrocnemius tendon (GTE), tendon sheath effusion, hyperechoic debris with acoustic shadowing, and an absence of tendon movement during dynamic evaluation—findings consistent with a chronic, severe tendon injury. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) confirmed a complete rupture of the right Achilles tendon complex, including the GTE and associated components at the calcaneal midportion. Given the chronic and irreversible nature of the lesion, a right pelvic limb amputation was performed. Postoperative recovery was uneventful. The raccoon dog adapted well to tripod locomotion during rehabilitation and was successfully released into the wild. This case underscores the importance of combining ultrasonography and MRI for accurate diagnosis and clinical decision-making in wildlife medicine and demonstrates that selected individuals with severe musculoskeletal injuries may be viable candidates for release following amputation and rehabilitation.

Cubital tunnel syndrome refers to compression neuropathy caused by pressure on the ulnar nerve pathway around the elbow. A 63-year-old male patient visited the clinic complaining of decreased sensation and weakness in his left ring finger and little finger, stating that the symptoms first began 6 months prior. He had undergone surgery to remove a ganglion cyst from his left elbow joint about 5 years prior in Mongolia. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a cystic mass located at the previous surgical site, which was compressing the ulnar nerve within the cubital tunnel. Ulnar nerve decompression and anterior transposition were performed, and the cystic mass was excised. Upon pathological examination, the mass was diagnosed as a ganglion cyst. The patient’s symptoms including sensory dysfunction and weakness improved over the 1-year follow-up period. This report describes a rare case of ganglion cyst recurrence compressing the ulnar nerve in the cubital tunnel after previous ganglion cyst excision.

The coronoid process of the ulna surrounds the distal humerus and plays a vital role in posterior dislocation and posterolateral rotational instability. Elbow stability may not be possible if there is a more than 50% loss. Anteromedial facet fractures can lead to instability, radioulnar synostosis. ulnohumeral arthrosis, severe stiffness. Therefore, surgical fixation is required to ensure adequate elbow stability and decrease the risk of posttraumatic ulnohumeral arthrosis. There are several approaches for the repair of coronoid process fractures.In most cases, the posterior approach was used to make a transosseous tunnel connecting the posterior aspect of the olecranon to fix the fracture site. During surgery, the additional dissection required to repair the coronoid might increase the infection risk, nerve injury, heterotopic ossification, and elbow stiffness. The author performed a modified suture lasso and plate fixation with good outcomes. This paper reports this case with a review of the relevant literature.

Background: The increasing rate of excess body weight (EBW) in the global population has led to growing health concerns, including cancer-related EBW. We aimed to estimate the population attributable fraction (PAF) of cancer incidence and deaths linked to EBW in Korean individuals from 2015 to 2030 and to compare its value with various body mass index cutoffs. Methods: Levin’s formula was used to calculate the PAF; the prevalence rates were computed using the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data, while the relative risks of specific cancers related to EBW were estimated based on the results of Korean cohort studies. To account for the 15-year latency period when estimating the PAF in 2020, the prevalence rates from 2015 and attributable cases or deaths from 2020 were used. Results: The PAF attributed to EBW was similar for both cancer incidence and deaths using either the World Health Organization (WHO) Asian-Pacific region standard or a modified Asian standard, with the WHO standard yielding the lowest values. In the Korean population, the PAFs of EBW for cancer incidence were 2.96% in men and 3.61% in women, while those for cancer deaths were 0.67% in men and 3.06% in women in 2020. Additionally, PAFs showed a gradual increase in both sexes until 2030. Conclusion The EBW continues to have a significant impact on cancer incidence and deaths in Korea. Effective prevention strategies targeting the reduction of this modifiable risk factor can substantially decrease the cancer burden.

Background: The increasing rate of excess body weight (EBW) in the global population has led to growing health concerns, including cancer-related EBW. We aimed to estimate the population attributable fraction (PAF) of cancer incidence and deaths linked to EBW in Korean individuals from 2015 to 2030 and to compare its value with various body mass index cutoffs. Methods: Levin’s formula was used to calculate the PAF; the prevalence rates were computed using the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data, while the relative risks of specific cancers related to EBW were estimated based on the results of Korean cohort studies. To account for the 15-year latency period when estimating the PAF in 2020, the prevalence rates from 2015 and attributable cases or deaths from 2020 were used. Results: The PAF attributed to EBW was similar for both cancer incidence and deaths using either the World Health Organization (WHO) Asian-Pacific region standard or a modified Asian standard, with the WHO standard yielding the lowest values. In the Korean population, the PAFs of EBW for cancer incidence were 2.96% in men and 3.61% in women, while those for cancer deaths were 0.67% in men and 3.06% in women in 2020. Additionally, PAFs showed a gradual increase in both sexes until 2030. Conclusion The EBW continues to have a significant impact on cancer incidence and deaths in Korea. Effective prevention strategies targeting the reduction of this modifiable risk factor can substantially decrease the cancer burden.

Background: The increasing rate of excess body weight (EBW) in the global population has led to growing health concerns, including cancer-related EBW. We aimed to estimate the population attributable fraction (PAF) of cancer incidence and deaths linked to EBW in Korean individuals from 2015 to 2030 and to compare its value with various body mass index cutoffs. Methods: Levin’s formula was used to calculate the PAF; the prevalence rates were computed using the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data, while the relative risks of specific cancers related to EBW were estimated based on the results of Korean cohort studies. To account for the 15-year latency period when estimating the PAF in 2020, the prevalence rates from 2015 and attributable cases or deaths from 2020 were used. Results: The PAF attributed to EBW was similar for both cancer incidence and deaths using either the World Health Organization (WHO) Asian-Pacific region standard or a modified Asian standard, with the WHO standard yielding the lowest values. In the Korean population, the PAFs of EBW for cancer incidence were 2.96% in men and 3.61% in women, while those for cancer deaths were 0.67% in men and 3.06% in women in 2020. Additionally, PAFs showed a gradual increase in both sexes until 2030. Conclusion The EBW continues to have a significant impact on cancer incidence and deaths in Korea. Effective prevention strategies targeting the reduction of this modifiable risk factor can substantially decrease the cancer burden.

Background: The increasing rate of excess body weight (EBW) in the global population has led to growing health concerns, including cancer-related EBW. We aimed to estimate the population attributable fraction (PAF) of cancer incidence and deaths linked to EBW in Korean individuals from 2015 to 2030 and to compare its value with various body mass index cutoffs. Methods: Levin’s formula was used to calculate the PAF; the prevalence rates were computed using the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data, while the relative risks of specific cancers related to EBW were estimated based on the results of Korean cohort studies. To account for the 15-year latency period when estimating the PAF in 2020, the prevalence rates from 2015 and attributable cases or deaths from 2020 were used. Results: The PAF attributed to EBW was similar for both cancer incidence and deaths using either the World Health Organization (WHO) Asian-Pacific region standard or a modified Asian standard, with the WHO standard yielding the lowest values. In the Korean population, the PAFs of EBW for cancer incidence were 2.96% in men and 3.61% in women, while those for cancer deaths were 0.67% in men and 3.06% in women in 2020. Additionally, PAFs showed a gradual increase in both sexes until 2030. Conclusion The EBW continues to have a significant impact on cancer incidence and deaths in Korea. Effective prevention strategies targeting the reduction of this modifiable risk factor can substantially decrease the cancer burden.

This case report documents the rescue, clinical presentation, treatment, and recovery of pneumothorax in a female Korean water deer (Hydropotes inermis argyropus) following a vehicular collision. Severe injuries, including a confirmed rib fracture, prompted an extensive treatment plan. Computed tomography imaging confirmed pneumothorax, particularly in the left lung, necessitating thoracocentesis to alleviate the accumulated air. Post-procedural monitoring demonstrated gradual recovery, with the water deer exhibiting restored appetite after the 2nd day of thoracocentesis. Successful recovery marked by natural pneumothorax resolution allowed for treatment cessation on the 13th day after injury.