Objective:Based on data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 (GBD 2021), this study aims to analyze the epidemiological trends of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) in China from 1990 to 2021 and to assess the projected disease burden.Methods:Data on incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALY) for IBD in China from 1990 to 2021 were extracted from the GBD 2021 database. Annual percent change (EAPC) and Bayesian age-period-cohort (BAPC) analyses were employed to evaluate these trends. Additionally, predictions for the disease burden over the next 25 years were made.Results:The age-standardized incidence rate of IBD in China rose from 0.74 per 100 000 in 1990 to 1.40 per 100 000 in 2021, an 89.19% increase. The age-standardized prevalence rate increased from 5.59 per 100 000 in 1990 to 9.16 per 100 000 in 2021, marking a 63.86% rise. Conversely, the age-standardized case fatality rate decreased from 0.75 per 100 000 in 1990 to 0.33 per 100 000 in 2021, a reduction of 56.00%. The total DALYs decreased from 162 186 in 1990 to 136 932 in 2021, a decline of 15.57%, while the age-standardized DALY rate fell from 18.38 per 100 000 in 1990 to 7.68 per 100 000 in 2021, a decrease of 58.22%. Analysis by age group revealed that the age-standardized incidence rate for the 35-39 years cohort increased most significantly, with an EAPC of 3.23%. The age-standardized prevalence rate for the 50-54 years cohort increased most significantly, with an EAPC of 2.85%. Gender analysis indicated that from 1990 to 2021, the age-standardized prevalence rate was higher among females than males, but the age-standardized case fatality rate rate was higher among males. From 2004 to 2021, the age-standardized DALY rate declined for both sexes, though it remained higher in males. By 2046, the number of new cases is projected to be slightly higher in males, while case fatality rate and DALYs are expected to remain low for both genders.Conclusions:Over the past three decades, the disease burden of IBD in China has increased significantly, particularly in terms of incidence and prevalence. Despite a general decrease in case fatality rates, the burden of IBD may increase in the elderly population due to aging demographics. Therefore, effective preventive measures, early screening, and aggressive treatment are crucial, especially for the elderly.

Objective:To screen and analyze the carcinogenesis-related differential expression profile of long non-coding RNAs(LncRNAs)in oral lichen planus(OLP)mucosa tissue,and preliminarily analyze their functions,to explore their possible role in the development of OLP.Methods:High-throughput sequencing technology was used to construct differential expression profile from 5 cases of erosive OLP lesions and 5 of normal oral mucosa.LncRNAs that are closely related to the carcinogenesis of OLP were ob-tained by bioinformatics analysis.Results:400 LncRNAs associated with OLP were screened,of which 250 were up-regulated and 150 were down-regulated,and 5 LncRNAs were obtained with differential expression associated with OLP carcinogenesis:LncRNA 54055,100128560,399717,378825 and 100130231.Conclusion:400 LncRNAs are differentially expressed in the mucosa of erosive OLP lesions,and 5 of them are related to the incidence and carcinogenesis tendency of OLP.

Objective:Based on data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 (GBD 2021), this study aims to analyze the epidemiological trends of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) in China from 1990 to 2021 and to assess the projected disease burden.Methods:Data on incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALY) for IBD in China from 1990 to 2021 were extracted from the GBD 2021 database. Annual percent change (EAPC) and Bayesian age-period-cohort (BAPC) analyses were employed to evaluate these trends. Additionally, predictions for the disease burden over the next 25 years were made.Results:The age-standardized incidence rate of IBD in China rose from 0.74 per 100 000 in 1990 to 1.40 per 100 000 in 2021, an 89.19% increase. The age-standardized prevalence rate increased from 5.59 per 100 000 in 1990 to 9.16 per 100 000 in 2021, marking a 63.86% rise. Conversely, the age-standardized case fatality rate decreased from 0.75 per 100 000 in 1990 to 0.33 per 100 000 in 2021, a reduction of 56.00%. The total DALYs decreased from 162 186 in 1990 to 136 932 in 2021, a decline of 15.57%, while the age-standardized DALY rate fell from 18.38 per 100 000 in 1990 to 7.68 per 100 000 in 2021, a decrease of 58.22%. Analysis by age group revealed that the age-standardized incidence rate for the 35-39 years cohort increased most significantly, with an EAPC of 3.23%. The age-standardized prevalence rate for the 50-54 years cohort increased most significantly, with an EAPC of 2.85%. Gender analysis indicated that from 1990 to 2021, the age-standardized prevalence rate was higher among females than males, but the age-standardized case fatality rate rate was higher among males. From 2004 to 2021, the age-standardized DALY rate declined for both sexes, though it remained higher in males. By 2046, the number of new cases is projected to be slightly higher in males, while case fatality rate and DALYs are expected to remain low for both genders.Conclusions:Over the past three decades, the disease burden of IBD in China has increased significantly, particularly in terms of incidence and prevalence. Despite a general decrease in case fatality rates, the burden of IBD may increase in the elderly population due to aging demographics. Therefore, effective preventive measures, early screening, and aggressive treatment are crucial, especially for the elderly.

Objective:To screen and analyze the carcinogenesis-related differential expression profile of long non-coding RNAs(LncRNAs)in oral lichen planus(OLP)mucosa tissue,and preliminarily analyze their functions,to explore their possible role in the development of OLP.Methods:High-throughput sequencing technology was used to construct differential expression profile from 5 cases of erosive OLP lesions and 5 of normal oral mucosa.LncRNAs that are closely related to the carcinogenesis of OLP were ob-tained by bioinformatics analysis.Results:400 LncRNAs associated with OLP were screened,of which 250 were up-regulated and 150 were down-regulated,and 5 LncRNAs were obtained with differential expression associated with OLP carcinogenesis:LncRNA 54055,100128560,399717,378825 and 100130231.Conclusion:400 LncRNAs are differentially expressed in the mucosa of erosive OLP lesions,and 5 of them are related to the incidence and carcinogenesis tendency of OLP.

The aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) is an all-aqueous system fabricated from two immiscible aqueous phases. It is spontaneously assembled through physical liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) and can create suitable templates like the multicompartment of the intracellular environment. Delicate structures containing multiple compartments make it possible to endow materials with advanced functions. Due to the properties of ATPSs, ATPS-based drug delivery systems exhibit excellent biocompatibility, extraordinary loading efficiency, and intelligently controlled content release, which are particularly advantageous for delivering drugs in vivo. Therefore, we will systematically review and evaluate ATPSs as an ideal drug delivery system. Based on the basic mechanisms and influencing factors in forming ATPSs, the transformation of ATPSs into valuable biomaterials is described. Afterward, we concentrate on the most recent cutting-edge research on ATPS-based delivery systems. Finally, the potential for further collaborations between ATPS-based drug-carrying biomaterials and disease diagnosis and treatment is also explored.

Chinese materia medica has a wide range of clinical applications， but it has many active ingredients with different physicochemical properties， and the target organs， action pathways and mechanisms for different ingredients to exert their efficacy are not the same. Therefore， it is difficult to design and develop a co-delivery system loading multiple components of Chinese materia medica to maximize the synergistic therapeutic efficiency. Based on the characteristics of effectiveness and functionality of active ingredients， the strategies for multi-component co-delivery of Chinese materia medica can be categorized into two types：firstly， based on the effectiveness of active ingredients， new carriers such as liposomes， nanoparticles can be constructed to load multi-components of Chinese materia medica. secondly， based on the functionality of some active ingredients of Chinese materia medica， they are employed in the construction of co-delivery system， which can give play to the dual characteristics of their own efficacy and preparation functions. In this paper， we summarized the relevant research progress of the above two types of multi-component co-delivery strategies， and mainly discussed the pharmaceutical functions of the active ingredients in co-delivery systems， in order to find a more suitable multi-component co-delivery strategy， promoting the design and development of new delivery systems of Chinese materia medica.

Objective To observe the changes of liver function,blood cell,and lung function of healthy young and middle-aged men before and after fast-advancing short-term high altitude exposure(FSHAE);and to explore the effects and possible mechanisms of FSHAE on the function of liver,blood cells,and lung tissues.Methods This study included 48 healthy young and middle-aged male volunteers,who collected physiological indicators,tested liver function indicators,blood cell indicators,and lung function-related indicators 1 day before entering the plateau(100m above sea level),and 15 days after FSHAE(3000m above sea level).Differences in the relevant parameters of each system were compared before and after FSHAE.Results Compared with those before entering the plateau,the physiological parameters of young and middle-aged men after 15 days of FSHAE heart rate increased significantly,respiratory rate increased,systolic blood pressure increased,mean arterial blood pressure increased,oxygen saturation decreased(P＜0.01),and diastolic blood pressure increased(P＜0.05),all of which were statistically significant;and the indicators of liver function:glutamic oxaloacetic aminotransferase,glutamic alanine aminotransferase increased(P＜0.01),glutamylamine aminotransferase,glutamate aminotransferase,glutaminase,and pulmonary function were increased(P＜0.01),glutamyl transpeptidase,alkaline phosphatase,and total bile acids were elevated,and total protein decreased(P＜0.05),and the differences were statistically significant.Hemocyte-related indexes:erythrocyte count,erythrocyte pressure volume,mean erythrocyte volume,mean hemoglobin volume,mean hemoglobin concentration,and hemoglobin were elevated,and platelet count decreased(P＜0.01),and the differences were statistically significant.although there was an elevation of leukocyte count(P＞0.05);Lung function-related indexes:decreased exertion lung volume(P＜0.05).There were decreased exertion expiratory volume in the first second,increased one-second rate(P＞0.05).Conclusion FSHAE can lead to oxidative stress in the organism,and acute hypoxic multisystemic injury will occur,with the simultaneous emergence of hypoxic adaptive regulation of various systems,self-compensatory repair of various organs of the organism,and there may be the possibility of interactions between various systems.

Background::Pathological scars are a disorder that can lead to various cosmetic, psychological, and functional problems, and no effective assessment methods are currently available. Assessment and treatment of pathological scars are based on cutaneous manifestations. A two-photon microscope (TPM) with the potential for real-time non-invasive assessment may help determine the under-surface pathophysiological conditions in vivo. This study used a portable handheld TPM to image epidermal cells and dermal collagen structures in pathological scars and normal skin in vivo to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment in scar patients. Methods::Fifteen patients with pathological scars and three healthy controls were recruited. Imaging was performed using a portable handheld TPM. Five indexes were extracted from two dimensional (2D) and three dimensional (3D) perspectives, including collagen depth, dermo-epidermal junction (DEJ) contour ratio, thickness, orientation, and occupation (proportion of collagen fibers in the field of view) of collagen. Two depth-dependent indexes were computed through the 3D second harmonic generation image and three morphology-related indexes from the 2D images. We assessed index differences between scar and normal skin and changes before and after treatment.Results::Pathological scars and normal skin differed markedly regarding the epidermal morphological structure and the spectral characteristics of collagen fibers. Five indexes were employed to distinguish between normal skin and scar tissue. Statistically significant differences were found in average depth ( t = 9.917, P <0.001), thickness ( t = 4.037, P <0.001), occupation ( t= 2.169, P <0.050), orientation of collagen ( t = 3.669, P <0.001), and the DEJ contour ratio ( t = 5.105, P <0.001). Conclusions::Use of portable handheld TPM can distinguish collagen from skin tissues; thus, it is more suitable for scar imaging than reflectance confocal microscopy. Thus, a TPM may be an auxiliary tool for scar treatment selection and assessing treatment efficacy.

Ureteral stenosis and bladder contracture after radiotherapy for cervical cancer are challenging issues in urology. Ileal ureteroplasty combined with ileal bladder augmentation is a potential method to improve hydronephrosis and voiding function of patients, however, the surgical procedure is complex, with high surgical risks and numerous intraoperative and postoperative complications, which have hindered the widespread application of this surgical technique. This article introduces our hospital's experience through a typical surgical case. During the surgery, ileal substitution for bilateral ureters was performed in combination with ileal " N-shaped" augmentation. Two weeks after the surgery, the single-J stent was removed, and the urinary catheter was removed three weeks after the surgery. The patient achieved voluntary urination control with smooth voiding. Follow-up examinations at 3 months and 18 months postoperatively showed no hydronephrosis in the bilateral ureters, normal renal function, and a significantly expanded bladder capacity.

Objective:To investigate the characteristics of gene mutations in colorectal cancer(CRC)patients by using next-generation generation sequencing(NGS).Methods:Blood and tissue samples were collected from 90 CRC patients admitted to Beijing Hospital between August 5, 2016 and December 29, 2020.Analysis of driver gene mutations was performed by using a 1021-gene NGS panel.Results:There were 43 tissue samples and 83 blood samples.Also, 36 patients had both tissue and blood samples.The frequency rates of KRAS and BRAF mutations were 51.2%(22/43)and 20.9%(9/43)in tissue samples, and 3 rare concomitant KRAS/ BRAF mutations were detected.The frequency rates of KRAS and BRAF mutations were 26.5%(22/83)and 10.8%(9/83)in blood samples.In patients with tissue and blood samples, the rates of KRAS and BRAF mutations were 52.8%(19/36)and 10.8%(8/36). Conclusions:The rate of KRAS mutations in tissue samples from colorectal cancer patients is similar to rates reported in the literature, but the rate of BRAF mutation and the rate of rare KRAS and BRAF co-mutations are higher than those reported from other countries.