As the defining characteristic and essence of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),the integration of disease and syndrome,along with the correlation between syndrome and prescription,forms the foundation for syndrome differentiation and treatment,and guides the clinical diagnosis and treatment practice of TCM.However,key scientific questions remain unresolved regarding the"disease-syndrome-prescription"framework,particularly the biological basis of diseases and syndromes,the active pharmacodynamic constituents of compound formulas,and their mechanism of action.Furthermore,a systematic paradigm for investigating"disease-syndrome-prescription"relationships has not been established,restricting the innovation and development of TCM theory and practice.Xiaoyao Powder,which was first described in a medical book named Taiping Huimin Heji Ju Fang written during the Song Dynasty of China,disperses stagnated liver qi for relieving qi stagnation,thus nourishing the blood and strengthening the spleen,making it a representative prescription for addressing depression due to liver qi stagnation and spleen deficiency under the guidance of correspondence between syndrome and prescription.Therefore,base on the combination of disease and syndrome,and correspondence between syndrome and prescription,investigating the formula-syndrome scientific connotation of Xiaoyao Powder and exploring the research paradigm for the"disease-syndrome-prescription"can provide insights into TCM theory from the perspective of modern science.

As a major global public health concern,the incidence of depression disorder is increasing annually.The pathological mechanism of depression involves bidirectional dysregulation between the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal(HPA)and gut-brain axes.According to traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),the liver controls conveyance and dispersion,the spleen governs transportation and transformation,and both jointly maintain the balance between ascending and descending qi movement and zang fu viscera function in the body.Liver qi stagnation and spleen deficiency result in qi movement disorder and a lack of source qi and blood,leading to depression induced by malnutrition of heart spirit.As a classic prescription for soothing the liver,invigorating the spleen,and replenishing blood,Xiaoyao Powder is used to reinforce healthy qi and eliminate pathogenic factors.Xiaoyao Powder not only regulates the"yin in property of liver"but also strengthens the"ascending and descending"of the spleen.As commonly used by ancient and modern physicians,also indirectly inhibits HPA axis upregulation and improves depression-related gastrointestinal dysfunction.This paper systematically expounds the multi-dimensional mechanism of Xiaoyao Powder in treating depression through the two-way regulation of the HPA-gut-brain axis.It reveals the therapeutic characteristics of"multi-component and multi-target"in TCM to provide a novel theoretical basis for the modernization of TCM and the treatment of depression by combining TCM and Western medicine.

Depression is closely associated with a neuro-endocrine-immune(NEI)system imbalance.The"excessive vitality leading to restraint and counter-regulation(Kang Hai Cheng Zhi)"theory elucidates the self-regulating mechanism for maintaining dynamic equilibrium in the body,and serves as an importance principle guiding treatment formulation and medication selection.Based on the correlation between NEI system imbalance and the traditional Chinese medicine pathogenesis of depression,and integrating the"Kang Hai Cheng Zhi"theory,the author posits that the pathogenesis of depression lies in overactive liver invading spleen,earth dampness impeding wood′s ascendancy,and disharmony between body and mind,as well as imbalance in storage and discharge functions of liver and kidney,disharmony between Yin and Yang,and disrupted counter-regulation.This dosely aligns with two key pathological methanisms at the micro level:microglial-limbic system homeostatic imbalance and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis-inflammatory circuit dysregulation.Clinically,the treatment principle for depression adheres to supporting the counter-regulation to restrain excess,with herbal interventions using strategies such as restraining wood to support earth,dredging earth to unblock wood,and harmonizing pivotal functions,as well as nourishing water to nurture wood,warming kidney to tonify liver,and relieving depression to calm the spirit.These approaches aim to regulate the liver,spleen,and kidney,embodying the core therapeutic tenet of"striving for equilibrium,"thereby restoring the body′s self-regulating capability.

As the defining characteristic and essence of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),the integration of disease and syndrome,along with the correlation between syndrome and prescription,forms the foundation for syndrome differentiation and treatment,and guides the clinical diagnosis and treatment practice of TCM.However,key scientific questions remain unresolved regarding the"disease-syndrome-prescription"framework,particularly the biological basis of diseases and syndromes,the active pharmacodynamic constituents of compound formulas,and their mechanism of action.Furthermore,a systematic paradigm for investigating"disease-syndrome-prescription"relationships has not been established,restricting the innovation and development of TCM theory and practice.Xiaoyao Powder,which was first described in a medical book named Taiping Huimin Heji Ju Fang written during the Song Dynasty of China,disperses stagnated liver qi for relieving qi stagnation,thus nourishing the blood and strengthening the spleen,making it a representative prescription for addressing depression due to liver qi stagnation and spleen deficiency under the guidance of correspondence between syndrome and prescription.Therefore,base on the combination of disease and syndrome,and correspondence between syndrome and prescription,investigating the formula-syndrome scientific connotation of Xiaoyao Powder and exploring the research paradigm for the"disease-syndrome-prescription"can provide insights into TCM theory from the perspective of modern science.

As a major global public health concern,the incidence of depression disorder is increasing annually.The pathological mechanism of depression involves bidirectional dysregulation between the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal(HPA)and gut-brain axes.According to traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),the liver controls conveyance and dispersion,the spleen governs transportation and transformation,and both jointly maintain the balance between ascending and descending qi movement and zang fu viscera function in the body.Liver qi stagnation and spleen deficiency result in qi movement disorder and a lack of source qi and blood,leading to depression induced by malnutrition of heart spirit.As a classic prescription for soothing the liver,invigorating the spleen,and replenishing blood,Xiaoyao Powder is used to reinforce healthy qi and eliminate pathogenic factors.Xiaoyao Powder not only regulates the"yin in property of liver"but also strengthens the"ascending and descending"of the spleen.As commonly used by ancient and modern physicians,also indirectly inhibits HPA axis upregulation and improves depression-related gastrointestinal dysfunction.This paper systematically expounds the multi-dimensional mechanism of Xiaoyao Powder in treating depression through the two-way regulation of the HPA-gut-brain axis.It reveals the therapeutic characteristics of"multi-component and multi-target"in TCM to provide a novel theoretical basis for the modernization of TCM and the treatment of depression by combining TCM and Western medicine.

Depression is closely associated with a neuro-endocrine-immune(NEI)system imbalance.The"excessive vitality leading to restraint and counter-regulation(Kang Hai Cheng Zhi)"theory elucidates the self-regulating mechanism for maintaining dynamic equilibrium in the body,and serves as an importance principle guiding treatment formulation and medication selection.Based on the correlation between NEI system imbalance and the traditional Chinese medicine pathogenesis of depression,and integrating the"Kang Hai Cheng Zhi"theory,the author posits that the pathogenesis of depression lies in overactive liver invading spleen,earth dampness impeding wood′s ascendancy,and disharmony between body and mind,as well as imbalance in storage and discharge functions of liver and kidney,disharmony between Yin and Yang,and disrupted counter-regulation.This dosely aligns with two key pathological methanisms at the micro level:microglial-limbic system homeostatic imbalance and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis-inflammatory circuit dysregulation.Clinically,the treatment principle for depression adheres to supporting the counter-regulation to restrain excess,with herbal interventions using strategies such as restraining wood to support earth,dredging earth to unblock wood,and harmonizing pivotal functions,as well as nourishing water to nurture wood,warming kidney to tonify liver,and relieving depression to calm the spirit.These approaches aim to regulate the liver,spleen,and kidney,embodying the core therapeutic tenet of"striving for equilibrium,"thereby restoring the body′s self-regulating capability.

With the continuous progress of modern stomatology technology,intentional tooth replantation has become an effective treatment method for pulp and periapical diseases,as well as dental hard tissue diseases.It also provides functional treatment measures for preserving single tooth with severe periodontal destruction,subgingival tooth tissue defects,and jaw-bone cysts.In this paper,we systematically reviewed the extension of clinical application scope of the intention replantation,the different clinical operation(inclu-ding teeth with only pulpal and periapical disease or teeth with severe periodontal destruction)during tooth replantation to provide refer-ence for clinical application.

This study was aimed atanalyzing the epidemic characteristics of dengue fever in Ruili City atthe China-Myanmar bor-der in late 2023,to provide evidence for local dengue fever prevention and control measures.Adult Aedes mosquitoes were collected from Ruili City with a backpack type mosquito sucking machine in October of 2023.Serum samples frompatients with suspected den-gue were collected in acutephase,in November of 2023.Detection ofdengue virus(DENV)nucleic acids in Aedesmosquitoes and acute phase serum samples from suspected dengue fever patients using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction,and nucleic acid positive samples were inoculated into Vero cells for viral culture.After three consecutive blind passage,samples with cytopathic effect(CPE)were collected for be sequencingand analysisof genetic and evolutionary information.Dengue case characteristics were analyzed through descriptive epidemiological methods.Among the 109 cases of dengue fever,the ratio of males to females was 1.27∶1.The youngest patient was 1 year old,the oldest patient was 84 years old,the age group of 20～59 years accounted for 73.39%,and the major-ity of occupations were freelancer(40.37%).A total of 827 female Aedes albopictus and 312 Aedes aegypti were collected,all of which tested negative for DENV nucleic acid.109 serum samples tested positive for DENV nucleic acid,including 49 DENV-1 and 60 DENV-2.Moreover,five DENV-1 and nine DENV-2 samples were obtainedthrough third-generation blind passaging with CPE.The E gene sequences of these five DENV-1 strains were detected,all were found to belong to DENV-1 genotype I,and had same evolu-tionary branch as the 2023 Guangzhou,China(PP563911),the 2019 Myanmar(MW793710),and 2019 Attapeu,Laos(MW559046).The nucleotide and amino acid sequence similarityamong the five DENV-1 genotype was 99.4%-99.9%and 99.8%-100.0%.Compared with the aforementioned epidemic strains,their nucleotide similarities were 99.5%-100.0%,99.4%-99.6%and 99.3%-99.5%,respec-tively,and amino acid similarity was 99.8%-100.0%.Nine DENV-2 E gene sequences were of Asian genotype I and belonged to the same evolutionary branch as the 2018 Myanmar(MW788982),2019 Hangzhou(OP684212)and 2019 Ruili(OQ928150).The nucleotide and amino acid similarities of the nine samples were 99.5%-100.0%and 99.8%-100.0%,respectively.Compared with the aforementioned epidemic strains,their nucleotide similarities were 99.7%-100.0%,99.3%-99.7%and 99.3%-99.7%,respectively,and the amino acid similarity was 99.8%-100%,99.8%-100.0%and 99.4%-99.6%,respectively.Two dengue vectors,Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti,were present in Ruili city,and the dengue outbreak was caused primarily by DENV-1 genotype I and DENV-2 Asian genotype I in later 2023.The sources of DENV-1 were probably the same as those of DENV-1 with Guangzhou(2023),and the sources of DENV-2 were probably from Myanmar.Dengue cases were found primarilyin the 20-59 year age group and freelancers,thus suggesting that relevant local departments should strengthen surveillance of dengue imported case and vector.

Objective:To quantitatively evaluate the effects of left bundle branch block（LBBB）on left ventricular structure，function and myocardial perfusion using left ventricular pressure-strain loop and single photon emission computed tomography（SPECT），and to investigate the relationship between myocardial work，myocardial perfusion and pathological changes of left ventricular remodeling in left bundle branch block induced cardiomyopathy（LBBB-CM）.Methods:Fourteen male beagle dogs were selected，and the main trunk of the left bundle branch was ablated to create an LBBB dog model. Electrocardiogram（ECG），transesophageal echocardiography and arterial blood pressure data of LBBB dogs were collected before and 12 months after the ablation of left bundle branch trunk. Global and segmental myocardial work parameters were obtained by left ventricular pressure-strain loop. The differences of above parameters between baseline and 12 months after the ablation of left bundle branch were compared. SPECT was performed in LBBB dogs 12 months after the creation of LBBB. The hearts were harvested for anatomy observation and histopathological analysis in LBBB dogs and another 7 male beagle dogs（normal control group）matched by age and weight. The correlation between myocardial perfusion（percentage of regional tracer uptake）and myocardial work parameters，myocardial fibrosis in LBBB dogs were analyzed.Results:Compared with baseline，the left ventricular end-diastolic volume of 12 months after the ablation increased［（20.78 ± 5.32）ml vs（26.71 ± 7.94）ml， P = 0.003］，left ventricular ejection fraction decreased［（59.17 ± 5.67）% vs（47.69 ± 5.45）%， P<0.001］；left ventricular global/segmental longitudinal strain，global/segmental constructive work and global/segmental work efficiency decreased（all P<0.05），left ventricular global/segmental wasted work increased（all P<0.001）. Heterogenous perfusion defect was observed in LBBB dogs by SPECT，compared with lateral wall segments，the percentage of regional tracer uptake of septum was decreased（all P<0.05）. Gross anatomical and myocardial pathological changes were manifested as cardiomegaly，flaky or focal grayish thickening of endocardium，cardiomyocyte degeneration and fibrosis. Compared with normal control group，the collagen fiber volume fraction（CVF）in all segmental endocardium and partial segmental myocardium of LBBB dogs were significantly increased（all P<0.05）. Percentage of regional tracer uptake was positively correlated with segmental myocardial work（SMW）and segmental myocardial efficiency（SWE）（ r s = 0.49，0.31；both P<0.001），and negatively correlated with CVF and segmental wasted work（SWW）（ r s = -0.51，-0.49；both P<0.001）. Conclusions:Isolated LBBB is not benign，which can result in left ventricular remodeling，decreased cardiac constructive function，abnormal myocardial perfusion，endocardial fibrosis and myocardial fibrosis.The parameters of myocardial work assecsed by echocardiograpgy and myocardial perfusion，as non-invasive examination，can to some extent reflect the degree of left ventricular remodeling in LBBB-CM.

With the continuous progress of modern stomatology technology,intentional tooth replantation has become an effective treatment method for pulp and periapical diseases,as well as dental hard tissue diseases.It also provides functional treatment measures for preserving single tooth with severe periodontal destruction,subgingival tooth tissue defects,and jaw-bone cysts.In this paper,we systematically reviewed the extension of clinical application scope of the intention replantation,the different clinical operation(inclu-ding teeth with only pulpal and periapical disease or teeth with severe periodontal destruction)during tooth replantation to provide refer-ence for clinical application.