Cardiac fibrosis is characterized by an elevated amount of extracellular matrix (ECM) within the heart. However, the persistence of cardiac fibrosis ultimately diminishes contractility and precipitates cardiac dysfunction. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are emerging as important regulators of cardiac fibrosis. Here, we elucidate the functional role of a specific circular RNA CELF1 in cardiac fibrosis and delineate a novel feedback loop mechanism. Functionally, circ-CELF1 was involved in enhancing fibrosis-related markers' expression and promoting the proliferation of cardiac fibroblasts (CFs), thereby exacerbating cardiac fibrosis. Mechanistically, circ-CELF1 reduced the ubiquitination-degradation rate of BRPF3, leading to an elevation of BRPF3 protein levels. Additionally, BRPF3 acted as a modular scaffold for the recruitment of histone acetyltransferase KAT7 to facilitate the induction of H3K14 acetylation within the promoters of the Celf1 gene. Thus, the transcription of Celf1 was dramatically activated, thereby inhibiting the subsequent response of their downstream target gene Smad7 expression to promote cardiac fibrosis. Moreover, Celf1 further promoted Celf1 pre-mRNA transcription and back-splicing, thereby establishing a feedback loop for circ-CELF1 production. Consequently, a novel feedback loop involving CELF1/circ-CELF1/BRPF3/KAT7 was established, suggesting that circ-CELF1 may serve as a potential novel therapeutic target for cardiac fibrosis.

Gut microbiota plays an important role in maintaining metabolic homeostasis as well as the occurrence and development of metabolic diseases in the host. Physiological and pathological processes such as body metabolism and immune regulation are impacted by the interaction of metabolites of gut microbiota with the host. Early spontaneous abortion is one of the most common pregnancy complications, accounting for 10%-15% of all clinical pregnancies. According to the previous studies, gut microbiota had an important effect in the pathophysiological process of pregnancy complications and was expected to be a new candidate for clinical prevention and treatment of early spontaneous abortion. While the correlation between early spontaneous abortion and gut microbiota has gained attention, further investigation is needed to understand the mechanism by which the gut microbiota affects early abortion. In this review, we discussed the influence of gut microbiota on early spontaneous abortion. We found that gut microbiota may participate in the development of early spontaneous abortion by regulating human endocrine, immune functions and uterine environment, hoping to provide new ideas for clinical diagnosis and treatments.

Gut microbiota plays an important role in maintaining metabolic homeostasis as well as the occurrence and development of metabolic diseases in the host. Physiological and pathological processes such as body metabolism and immune regulation are impacted by the interaction of metabolites of gut microbiota with the host. Early spontaneous abortion is one of the most common pregnancy complications, accounting for 10%-15% of all clinical pregnancies. According to the previous studies, gut microbiota had an important effect in the pathophysiological process of pregnancy complications and was expected to be a new candidate for clinical prevention and treatment of early spontaneous abortion. While the correlation between early spontaneous abortion and gut microbiota has gained attention, further investigation is needed to understand the mechanism by which the gut microbiota affects early abortion. In this review, we discussed the influence of gut microbiota on early spontaneous abortion. We found that gut microbiota may participate in the development of early spontaneous abortion by regulating human endocrine, immune functions and uterine environment, hoping to provide new ideas for clinical diagnosis and treatments.

Objective To compare the safety and efficacy of direct and remedial rotational atherectomy in the treatment of heavily calcified coronary artery lesions.Methods We retrospectively reviewed 58 patients admitted in the Shanghai Chest Hospital and Liaocheng People Hospital from May 2012 to July 2015 who had received stent implantation and rotational atherectomy.The 58 patients were divided into two groups which were the direct atherectomy group (n =27) and the remedial atherectomy group (n =31).General clinical date,lesion and procedural characteristics,intraoperative complications,in-hospital and follow-up MACCE were compared between the two groups.Results There were no differences between the two groups in general clinical date intraoperative complications,amount of contrast agent used,proceduraltime,rates of in-hospital and follow-up MACCE.Nevertheless,compared with the direct artherectomy group,the remedial group had more number of balloon dilations during procedure [3 (1,5) vs.2 (1,2),P ＜ 0.001] and higher peak cardiac troponin levels [1.1 (0.3,3.0) μg/L vs.0.5 (0.1,2.3) μg/L,P =0.032].Conclusions Remedial rotational atherectomy with drug-eluting stent had the same safety and efficacy as direct atheretomy with drug-eluting stent in treating patients with heavily calcified coronary lesions.It is reasonable and safe to transform routine PCI to remedial rotational atherectomy when the 2.0 mm semi compliant balloon or/and 2.5 mm non-compliant balloon cannot pass through or dilate the lesions.