Natural polyphenols are a group of components widely found in traditional Chinese medicines and have been demonstrated to delay or prevent the development of aging and age-related diseases in recent years. As far as we know, the studies of natural polyphenols in aging and aging-related diseases have never been extensively reviewed. In the present paper, we reviewed recent advances of natural polyphenols in aging and common age-related diseases and the current technological methods to improve the bioavailability of natural polyphenols. The results showed that natural polyphenols have the potential to prevent or treat aging and common age-related diseases through multiple mechanisms. Nanotechnology, structural modifications, and matrix processing could provide strong technical support for the development of natural polyphenols to prevent or treat aging and age-related diseases. In conclusion, natural polyphenols have important potential in the prevention and treatment of aging and age-related diseases.

Objective To assess the efficacy and safety of bronchial arterial chemoembolization(BACE)combined with tislelizumab for advanced non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).Methods A total of 30 patients in First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University with stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ NSCLC from December 2021 to August 2022 were enrolled in this study.All the patients received BACE,which was followed by 200 mg tislelizumab once every 3 weeks until the disease progressed,or the patient developed intolerable adverse effects,or the investigator decided to terminate this drug treatment.The primary study endpoint was progression-free survival(PFS),and the secondary study endpoints included overall survival(OS),objective response rate(ORR),disease control rate(DCR),safety,and quality of life(QoL).Results The median follow-up time was 12 months(range of 1.5-12 months),the median PFS was 10.5 months(95％CI:7.8-13.2 months),and the median OS was not available.The 3-month,6-month,and 12-month ORRs were 63.3％(95％CI:43.9％-80.1％),56.7％(95％CI:37.4％-74.5％),and 30.4％(95％CI:13.2％-52.9％)respectively.The 3-month,6-month,and 12-month DCRs were 80％(95％CI:61.4％-92.3％),76.7％(95％CI:57.7％-90.1％),and 47.8％(95％CI:26.8％-69.4％)respectively.The expression ratio of PD-L1 ≥50％(HR=0.29,P=0.039),tumor having a single feeding artery(HR=0.35,P=0.028),and completion of＞10 cycles of tislelizumab therapy(HR=0.42,P=0.064)were the protective factors for PFS.No ≥grade Ⅲ treatment-related adverse events(TRAEs)occurred.The common below grade Ⅱ TRAEs were nausea,fever,and cough.After one cycle of treatment,the patient's QoL,including overall quality of life,physical functioning,and emotional functioning,was significantly improved.Conclusion For the treatment of patients with advanced NSCLC,BACE plus tislelizumab has satisfactory clinical efficacy and safety.

Objective:To compare the safety and efficacy of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) combined with donafenib and programmed death protein 1 (PD-1) inhibitors and TACE combined with donafenib in the treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (uHCC).Methods:Clinical data of 148 patients with uHCC treated at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from December 2021 to December 2022 were retrospectively analyzed, including 127 males and 21 females, aged (56.6±9.9) years. Patients were divided into two groups: the TACE combined with donafenib and PD-1 inhibitors group (TACE+ DP, n=73) and TACE combined with single donafenib (TACE+ D, n=75). The overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), and the occurrence of treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) of the two groups of patients were observed. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used for survival assessment, and the log-rank test was used for comparison. The related factors affecting the prognosis of patients were indentified and analyzed. Results:The median PFS of patients in the TACE+ D group and the TACE+ DP group were 7.2 months (95% CI: 5.7-8.3 months) and 10.5months (95% CI: 8.9-11.3 months), respectively. The median OS was 13.2 months (95% CI: 12.3-13.7 months) and 16.9 months (95% CI: 15.1-19.8 months), respectively. All these differences were statistically significant ( χ2=17.81, 26.92, respectively, both P<0.001). The ORR and DCR of TACE+ DP group were both higher than those in TACE+ D group [53.4% (39/73) vs 36.0% (27/75), χ2=4.55, P=0.031; and 90.4% (66/73) vs 77.3% (58/75), χ2=4.66, P=0.044]. No grade 4 or above adverse events occurred in either the TACE+ DP or the TACE+ D group. The most common treatment-related adverse events in TACE+ D and TACE+ DP group were hand-foot syndrome [46.7% (35/75) vs 49.3% (36/73)], hypertension [26.7% (20/75) vs 30.1% (22/73)], fatigue [22.7% (17/75) vs 24.7% (18/73)], diarrhea [26.7% (20/75) vs 28.8% (21/73)], and thrombocytopenia [25.3% (19/75) vs 28.8% (21/73)]. There was no significant difference in the incidence and severity of TRAEs between the groups ( χ2=0.08, P=0.774). TACE+ DP treatment was a favorable prognostic factor for PFS ( HR=0.33, 95% CI: 0.22-0.49, P<0.001) and OS ( HR=0.19, 95% CI: 0.11-0.33, P<0.001) of patients. Conclusion:Compared to TACE combined with donafenib, TACE combined with donafenib and PD-1 inhibitors, with good efficacy and safety, significantly improved the treatment response and survival in patients with uHCC.

Objective:To compare the safety and efficacy of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) combined with donafenib and programmed death protein 1 (PD-1) inhibitors and TACE combined with donafenib in the treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (uHCC).Methods:Clinical data of 148 patients with uHCC treated at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from December 2021 to December 2022 were retrospectively analyzed, including 127 males and 21 females, aged (56.6±9.9) years. Patients were divided into two groups: the TACE combined with donafenib and PD-1 inhibitors group (TACE+ DP, n=73) and TACE combined with single donafenib (TACE+ D, n=75). The overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), and the occurrence of treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) of the two groups of patients were observed. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used for survival assessment, and the log-rank test was used for comparison. The related factors affecting the prognosis of patients were indentified and analyzed. Results:The median PFS of patients in the TACE+ D group and the TACE+ DP group were 7.2 months (95% CI: 5.7-8.3 months) and 10.5months (95% CI: 8.9-11.3 months), respectively. The median OS was 13.2 months (95% CI: 12.3-13.7 months) and 16.9 months (95% CI: 15.1-19.8 months), respectively. All these differences were statistically significant ( χ2=17.81, 26.92, respectively, both P<0.001). The ORR and DCR of TACE+ DP group were both higher than those in TACE+ D group [53.4% (39/73) vs 36.0% (27/75), χ2=4.55, P=0.031; and 90.4% (66/73) vs 77.3% (58/75), χ2=4.66, P=0.044]. No grade 4 or above adverse events occurred in either the TACE+ DP or the TACE+ D group. The most common treatment-related adverse events in TACE+ D and TACE+ DP group were hand-foot syndrome [46.7% (35/75) vs 49.3% (36/73)], hypertension [26.7% (20/75) vs 30.1% (22/73)], fatigue [22.7% (17/75) vs 24.7% (18/73)], diarrhea [26.7% (20/75) vs 28.8% (21/73)], and thrombocytopenia [25.3% (19/75) vs 28.8% (21/73)]. There was no significant difference in the incidence and severity of TRAEs between the groups ( χ2=0.08, P=0.774). TACE+ DP treatment was a favorable prognostic factor for PFS ( HR=0.33, 95% CI: 0.22-0.49, P<0.001) and OS ( HR=0.19, 95% CI: 0.11-0.33, P<0.001) of patients. Conclusion:Compared to TACE combined with donafenib, TACE combined with donafenib and PD-1 inhibitors, with good efficacy and safety, significantly improved the treatment response and survival in patients with uHCC.

The pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy(DN)is very complex.Ferroptosis as a kind of new way of cell death has become a research hotspot in recent years.It is widely known that DN is closely related to ferroptosis.Deactivation of system Xc--GSH-GPX4 axis,iron overload,lipid peroxidation and mitochondrial dysfunction play important role in occurrence and development of ferroptosis of DN,antioxidant protein may be a potential target for the treatment of ferroptosis of DN.Different pathways and interactions may alleviate the occurrence and development of ferroptosis by activating antioxidant protein such as GPX4,Nrf2,Sirtuin family protein and ferritin.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has the characteristics of multi-component,multi-target and multi-pathway overall regulation.The active components and compounds of TCM have potential application value in improving renal injury and ferroptosis of DN by enhancing the expression of antioxidant protein,which provides a new research direction for delaying the progress of DN.

Objective To observe the effect of non-invasive ventilator assisted vibration sputum evacuation on the level of cardiac function indicators in patients with acute heart failure in the intensive care unit(ICU).Methods A total of 120 patients with acute heart failure who received treatment in the ICU of Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province from September 2020 to March 2023 were selected as the study subjects.The patients were randomly divided into a control group and an experimental group using a random number table method,with 60 patients in each group.A total of 120 patients were treated with conventional symptom therapy and non-invasive ventilation.The control group received routine nursing intervention,while the experimental group received non-invasive ventilator assisted vibration sputum evacuation.Arterial partial pressure of oxygen(PaO2),arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide(PaCO2),pulse oxygen saturation(SpO2),respiratory rate(RR),heart rate,blood pressure,central venous pressure,serum and ultrasound cardiac function indicators,and prognosis of two groups of patients were recorded after 2 weeks of intervention.Results After the intervention,PaO2,SpO2,and left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)were significantly increased in both groups,while PaCO2,RR,heart rate,blood pressure,central venous pressure,N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide(NT-proBNP),cardiac troponin T(cTnT),left ventricular end-systolic diameter(LVESD),and left ventricular end-diastolic diameter(LVEDD)were significantly decreased compared to before the intervention(all P<0.05).Compared with the control group,the experimental group showed significant increases in PaO2,SpO2,blood pressure,central venous pressure,and LVEF after intervention[PaO2(mmHg,1 mmHg≈0.133 kPa):68.24±5.81 vs.59.63±6.86,SpO2:0.95±0.03 vs.0.87±0.04,systolic blood pressure(mmHg):116.05±4.11 vs.104.13±3.95,diastolic blood pressure(mmHg):68.19±4.13 vs.62.85±4.12,central venous pressure(mmHg):9.42±1.29 vs.8.12±4.12,LVEF:0.49±0.05 vs.0.43±0.04,all P<0.05],while PaCO2,RR,heart rate,NT-proBNP,cTnT,LVESD,and LVEDD were significantly reduced[PaCO2(mmHg):42.12±4.08 vs.52.13±4.61,RR(beats/min):18.85±1.75 vs.21.54±2.51,heart rate(bpm):89.53±8.14 vs.101.11±10.26,NT-proBNP(ng/L):1687.25±589.67 vs.2145.36±751.03,cTnT(ng/L):70.58±5.15 vs.81.45±6.89,LVESD(mm):34.51±3.11 vs.38.89±3.55,LVEDD(mm)46.11±3.22 vs.49.74±3.75,all P<0.05].The mechanical ventilation time,ICU hospitalization time,and pulmonary infection relief time of the experimental group were significantly shortened compared to the control group[mechanical ventilation time(hours):72.14±10.06 vs.78.96±12.97,ICU hospitalization time(days):10.74±2.15 vs.12.88±3.26,pulmonary infection relief time(days):3.58±0.79 vs.5.14±1.12,all P<0.05],and the incidence of pulmonary infection was significantly reduced[1.67%(1/60)vs.11.67%(7/60),P<0.05],However,there was no statistically significant difference in the mortality rate between the experimental group and the control group[10.00%(6/60)vs.21.67%(13/60),P>0.05].Conclusion The non-invasive ventilator assisted vibration sputum evacuation can improve symptoms of hypoxemia and cardiac function,stabilize hemodynamics,shorten the course of acute heart failure in ICU patients,and reduce the incidence of pulmonary infections.

Objective To investigate the expression of tumor protein p53 inducible nuclear protein 2 (TP53INP2) and solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2A1 (SLCO2A1) in differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) and their relationship with clinicopathological features and prognosis. Methods A total of 80 DTC patients who underwent radical thyroidectomy in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from March to May 2024 were selected. The expression of TP53INP2 and SLCO2A1 in cancer tissue,paracancer tissue and lymph node metastasis tissue of DTC patients were compared,and the relationship between TP53INP2 and SLCO2A1 with clinicopathologic features of DTC patients were analyzed. Expression matrix,clinicopathological parameters and prognostic data of normal thyroid and DTC tissues were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database,and gene set variation analysis (GSVA) was performed using R software. The relationship between GSVA score and clinicopathological features and prognosis of DTC patients was analyzed. Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze the relationship between gene set GSVA score and progress free survival (PFS) in DTC patients. Cox univariate and multivariate analysis was used to investigate the factors affecting the prognosis of DTC patients. Results The expressions of TP53INP2 and SLCO2A1 in cancer tissues and lymph node metastasis tissues of DTC patients were significantly decreased (P<0.05). GSVA score was significantly correlated with tumor invasion,lymph node metastasis,distant metastasis and pathological type (P<0.05). The PFS rate of DTC patients with low GSVA score was significantly lower than that of those with high GSVA score (P<0.05). Cox multifactor analysis showed that tumor invasion and low GSVA score were independent factors leading to poor prognosis in DTC patients (P<0.05). Conclusion The expression of TP53INP2 and SLCO2A1 is decreased in DTC tissues,which is associated with tumor invasion,lymph node metastasis,distant metastasis and poor prognosis,and may be a potential target for prognostic judgment in DTC patients.

Objective:To compare the effects of drug-loaded microsphere TACE (D-TACE) and iodinated oil emulsion TACE (cTACE) on liver fibrosis in the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Methods:Clinical data of 113 patients with HCC treated with D-TACE or cTACE at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from October 2019 to September 2020 were retrospectively analyzed, including 96 males and 17 females, aged (56.8±9.8) years old. According to treatment protocol, patients were divided into two groups: the D-TACE group ( n=57) and the cTACE group ( n=56). Liver fibrosis panel, fibrosis index (FIB-4), aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index (APRI), and liver stiffness measurement (LSM) were compared between the groups at four timepoints: pre-treatment, one month after the first TACE, one month after the second TACE, and 12 months after the first TACE. Follow-ups were conducted through outpatient visits or telephone reviews to assess patient survivals. Data including the progression-free survival (PFS) and number of TACE sessions were compared between the two groups. Results:The D-TACE group received 2.84±1.12 sessions of treatment during the observation period, compared to 4.05±1.44 sessions of cTACE group ( t=4.94, P<0.001). The median PFS in D-TACE and cTACE groups were 10.0 and 5.0 months, respectively ( P<0.001). At one month after the second TACE and at 12 months after the first TACE, patients in cTACE group had a higher serum levels of fibrosis markers including hyaluronic acid, type IV collagen, type III procollagen N peptide and laminin than those in D-TACE group (all P<0.05). At the same timepoints, patients in cTACE group also had higher APRI, FIB-4 and LSM than those in D-TACE group (all P<0.05). Conclusion:Compared to cTACE, patients in D-TACE group received fewer sessions of treatment during the first year after initial TACE, and the degree of liver fibrosis was also lower in D-TACE group.

Objective:To investigate the impact of elevated glucose-induced RNA oxidation on pancreatic β-cell function, activity, and underlying molecular mechanisms.Methods:Rat pancreatic islet β-cell tumour INS-1 cells were cultured in vitro and subjected to nucleic acid oxidation assessment using isotope dilution ultra-high performance liquid tandem mass spectrometry(ID LC MS/MS)following high glucose exposure.In vitro simulation of increased RNA oxidation in INS-1 cells was achieved using 8-oxoguanosine-5'-triphosphate(8-oxoGTP).Cell proliferation was evaluated through CCK-8 assay, apoptosis was measured via flow cytometry, and gene expression of insulin(INS), pancreatic-duodenal homologous cassette 1(PDX1), cysteine-aspartate proteinase 3(Casp3), and cysteine aspartate protease 6(Casp6)was analyzed at the mRNA level.Additionally, whole transcriptome sequencing was performed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the impact of RNA oxidation on INS-1 cells.Results:Elevated glucose levels induced an increase in RNA oxidation within INS-1 cells.This heightened RNA oxidation led to the inhibition of INS-1 cell proliferation, a reduction in mRNA levels of INS and PDX1 genes, and the promotion of apoptosis-related casp3 and casp6 gene mRNA synthesis.Transcriptome sequencing analysis unveiled that the elevated RNA oxidation caused differential expression of mRNA, lncRNA, miRNA, and circRNA in INS-1 cells.This included a significant down-regulation of transcription factors such as Mafa, Pdx1, Pax6, and Mnx1, alongside an up-regulation of various miRNAs like rno-miR-124-3p, rno-miR-133a-3p, rno-miR-3120, rno-miR-212-3p, and rno-miR-7a-2-3p.These molecular changes contributed to the altered expression of associated lncRNAs, ultimately hindering insulin synthesis and secretion, as well as β-cell proliferation.Conclusions:Increased RNA oxidation down-regulates the levels of key β-cell transcription factor mRNAs, contributes to the differential expression of related non-coding RNAs(ncRNAs), particularly lncRNAs, impacts β-cell insulin synthesis and secretion, hinders cell proliferation, and serves as a significant factor in β-cell dysfunction and decreased activity in type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).

Iron is indispensable for the viablility of nearly all living organisms, and it is imperative for cells, tissues, and organisms to acquire this essential metal sufficiently and maintain its metabolic stability for survival. Disruption of iron homeostasis can lead to the development of various diseases. There is a robust connection between iron metabolism and infection, immunity, inflammation, and aging, suggesting that disorders in iron metabolism may contribute to the pathogenesis of arthritis. Numerous studies have focused on the significant role of iron metabolism in the development of arthritis and its potential for targeted drug therapy. Targeting iron metabolism offers a promising approach for individualized treatment of arthritis. Therefore, this review aimed to investigate the mechanisms by which the body maintains iron metabolism and the impacts of iron and iron metabolism disorders on arthritis. Furthermore, this review aimed to identify potential therapeutic targets and active substances related to iron metabolism, which could provide promising research directions in this field.