Objective To discuss the clinical application of different particle size of grain fat sieved by the homogenizing fat extractor.Methods A lot of 68 patients in this group were women,and the average age was 28 years.With the aid of tumescent technique,anterior and lateral thigh fat granules were extracted using liposuction needle;after the homogenizing fat extractor and sieve purification,fat particles were obtained with uniform particle size and no fibrous tissue for different sizes of 2.00 mm,0.90 mm,0.50 mm and 0.28 mm,respectively.After choosing corresponding diameter of fat transplantation needle and appropriate injection level according to fat particle size,the multiple spot and multiple track tunnels,multi-level injection for the facial soft tissue deficiency or cavity were then carried out.With long-term postoperative follow-up,evaluation of different grades were given for the complication,fat survival rate and satisfaction.Results The results were followed up for 3-12 months postoperatively;as responding,the facial appearance of graft field deformity or deficiency was significantly improved and the skin of the recipient area was soft;wrinkles was relieved,and so that they appeared young plump well-pleasing appearance.And there were no complications,such as infection,hematoma,fat liquefaction,pigmentation,induration and so on.Satisfactory results were obtained.Conclusions The treatment of facial soft tissue deficiency or deficiency,by choosing corresponding diameter of fat transplantation needle and appropriate injection level according to the differences of fat particle size sieved by the homogenizing fat extractor,can acheive a high fat survival rate,and stable long-term effect.Thus,this safe and ideal method for rejuvenation of facial treatment is worth promoting.

Objective To analyze pulmonary functions in military pilots and provide reference for the corresponding aeromedical care.Methods One hundred and ninety pilots who took annual physical examination were grouped by flight time,type of aircraft,smoking index and body mass index.Their pulmonary functions,including index of lung volume,pulmonary ventilation function and small airway function,were analyzed.The pulmonary function results were expressed by the percentages of the actual to the predictable value.Results There were 70 cases (36.84％) showed pulmonary function abnormalities in 190 pilots,in which 4 cases decreased in forced vital capacity (FVC),62 cases declined in forced expiratory volume in 1 s vs.forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC),1 case declined both in FVC and FEV1/FVC,31 cases declined in small airway function.Minute ventilation (MV),forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1),FEV1/FVC and forced expired flow at 25％ of forced vital capacity (FEF25) in pilots who had flown for ≥1 200 h were significantly lower than those who had flown for ＜1 200 h (P＜0.05).Fighter pilots' vital capacity (VC) and FVC were higher than the helicopter pilots' (P＜0.05),but FEV1/FVC was less than helicopter pilots' (P＜0.05).The smoking index and body mass index had certain effects on pilots' pulmonary functions (P＜0.05).Conclusions The pulmonary functions of the military pilots with longer flight time,higher smoking and body mass indices have shown certain degradation.The regular pulmonary function examination is suggested for the aeromedical care to such pilot group.Also the supervision of all military pilots' pulmonary functions should be strengthened.

Objective To analyze pulmonary functions in military pilots and provide reference for the corresponding aeromedical care.Methods One hundred and ninety pilots who took annual physical examination were grouped by flight time,type of aircraft,smoking index and body mass index.Their pulmonary functions,including index of lung volume,pulmonary ventilation function and small airway function,were analyzed.The pulmonary function results were expressed by the percentages of the actual to the predictable value.Results There were 70 cases (36.84％) showed pulmonary function abnormalities in 190 pilots,in which 4 cases decreased in forced vital capacity (FVC),62 cases declined in forced expiratory volume in 1 s vs.forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC),1 case declined both in FVC and FEV1/FVC,31 cases declined in small airway function.Minute ventilation (MV),forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1),FEV1/FVC and forced expired flow at 25％ of forced vital capacity (FEF25) in pilots who had flown for ≥1 200 h were significantly lower than those who had flown for ＜1 200 h (P＜0.05).Fighter pilots' vital capacity (VC) and FVC were higher than the helicopter pilots' (P＜0.05),but FEV1/FVC was less than helicopter pilots' (P＜0.05).The smoking index and body mass index had certain effects on pilots' pulmonary functions (P＜0.05).Conclusions The pulmonary functions of the military pilots with longer flight time,higher smoking and body mass indices have shown certain degradation.The regular pulmonary function examination is suggested for the aeromedical care to such pilot group.Also the supervision of all military pilots' pulmonary functions should be strengthened.

BACKGROUNDCurrently there is a trend towards reducing radiation dose while maintaining image quality during computer tomography (CT) examination. This results from the concerns about radiation exposure from CT and the potential increase in the incidence of radiation induced carcinogenesis. This study aimed to investigate the lowest radiation dose for maintaining good image quality in adult chest scanning using GE CT equipment.

METHODSSeventy-two adult patients were examined by Gemstone Spectral CT. They were randomly divided into six groups. We set up a different value of noise index (NI) when evaluating each group every other number from 13.0 to 23.0. The original images were acquired with a slice of 5 mm thickness. For each group, several image series were reconstructed using different levels of adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction (ASIR) (30%, 50%, and 70%). We got a total of 18 image sequences of different combinations of NI and ASIR percentage. On one hand, quantitative indicators, such as CT value and standard deviation (SD), were assessed at the region of interest. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) were calculated. The volume CT dose index (CTDI) and dose length product (DLP) were recorded. On the other hand, two radiologists with ≥ 5 years of experience blindly reviewed the subjective image quality using the standards we had previously set.

RESULTSThe different combinations of noise index and ASIR were assessed. There was no significant difference in CT values among the 18 image sequences. The SD value was reduced with the noise index's reduction or ASIR's increase. There was a trend towards gradually lower SNR and CNR with an NI increase. The CTDI and DLP were diminishing as the NI increased. The scores from subjective image quality evaluation were reduced in all groups as the ASIR increased.

CONCLUSIONSIncreasing NI can reduce radiation dose. With the premise of maintaining the same image quality, using a suitable percentage of ASIR can increase the value of NI. To assure image quality, we concluded that when the NI was set at 17.0 and ASIR was 50%, the image quality could be optimal for not only satisfying the requirements of clinical diagnosis, but also achieving the purpose of low-dose scanning.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Algorithms ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Radiation Dosage ; Radiography, Thoracic ; methods ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; methods

Objective To analyze the characteristics and development of disease spectrum of civil aircrews in the annual physical examinations,and to provide scientific basis for the civil aeromedical support in the future.Methods The annual physical examination data of the civil aircrews from 2009-2013 were analyzed in the constitution of the major diseases,and the trend of high incidence diseases in recent 5 years.The high disease incidence differences were compared by different post,age and time of flight.Results In the annual physical examination analysis,the detection rate of ametropia was the highest,followed by hyperlipidemia and fatty liver.The top 10 diseases in 2013 were ametropia,hyperlipidemia,fatty liver,hyperuricemia,hearing loss,gallbladder polyps,presbyopia,lumbar disc herniation,arrhythmia and hypertension.The detection rate of hyperuricemia increased year by year,the rate in 2013 was significantly higher than the rate in 2009 (x2 =198.28,P＜ 0.01).The detection rate of ametropia,fatty liver,gallbladder polyps in 2013 was significantly higher than the rate in 2009 (x2 =56.27,13.98,8.12,P＜0.01).The detection rate of hearing loss,presbyopia,lumbar disc herniation showed significant downtrend from 2009 to 2013 (x2=10.24,44.99,30.58,P＜0.01).Hyperlipidemia,fatty liver,hyperuricemia,hearing loss,gallbladder polyps,presbyopia,arrhythmia and hypertension were common in pilots (x2=73.62-1 940.13,P＜0.01).Ametropia and lumbar disc herniation were common in flight attendants (x2 =1 869.64,43.48,P＜0.01).Incident of hyperlipidernia,fatty liver,gallbladder polyps,hearing loss,presbyopia and hypertension significantly increased with age and flight time (P＜0.01).Conclusions Knowing the high incident disease spectrum of the aircrews with different jobs,age and time of flight will benefit to establishing personal health maintenance for aircrews and improving the level of aeromedical support.

Objective To analyze the characteristics and development of disease spectrum of civil aircrews in the annual physical examinations,and to provide scientific basis for the civil aeromedical support in the future.Methods The annual physical examination data of the civil aircrews from 2009-2013 were analyzed in the constitution of the major diseases,and the trend of high incidence diseases in recent 5 years.The high disease incidence differences were compared by different post,age and time of flight.Results In the annual physical examination analysis,the detection rate of ametropia was the highest,followed by hyperlipidemia and fatty liver.The top 10 diseases in 2013 were ametropia,hyperlipidemia,fatty liver,hyperuricemia,hearing loss,gallbladder polyps,presbyopia,lumbar disc herniation,arrhythmia and hypertension.The detection rate of hyperuricemia increased year by year,the rate in 2013 was significantly higher than the rate in 2009 (x2 =198.28,P＜ 0.01).The detection rate of ametropia,fatty liver,gallbladder polyps in 2013 was significantly higher than the rate in 2009 (x2 =56.27,13.98,8.12,P＜0.01).The detection rate of hearing loss,presbyopia,lumbar disc herniation showed significant downtrend from 2009 to 2013 (x2=10.24,44.99,30.58,P＜0.01).Hyperlipidemia,fatty liver,hyperuricemia,hearing loss,gallbladder polyps,presbyopia,arrhythmia and hypertension were common in pilots (x2=73.62-1 940.13,P＜0.01).Ametropia and lumbar disc herniation were common in flight attendants (x2 =1 869.64,43.48,P＜0.01).Incident of hyperlipidernia,fatty liver,gallbladder polyps,hearing loss,presbyopia and hypertension significantly increased with age and flight time (P＜0.01).Conclusions Knowing the high incident disease spectrum of the aircrews with different jobs,age and time of flight will benefit to establishing personal health maintenance for aircrews and improving the level of aeromedical support.