Objective To comapre and analyze the differences and commonalities of expression profiles of serum exosomal microRNA between patients with thyroid nodules and healthy persons at different iodine levels,and then provide evidence for screening early diag-nostic markers of thyroid nodules at different iodine levels.Methods The peripheral blood samples from 10 patients with thyroid nod-ules and healthy volunteers at different iodine levels were collected.Their serum iodine levels were measured by the arsenic cerium cat-alytic spectrophotometry.Serum exosomal microRNA were extracted and the expression levels of microRNA were determined by the high-throughput sequencing technology.The differential target genes were predicted and further performed Gene ontology(GO)analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)analysis.Results Compared with healthy volunteers,there were 6 downreg-ulated miRNAs in the patients with thyroid nodules at different iodine levels,namely miR-324-5p,miR-6511b-3p,miR-9903,miR-550a-3p,miR-5001-3p,and miR-3688-3p.Differentially expressed exosomal microRNA could regulate the MAPK signaling path-way,PI3K-AKT signaling pathway,VEGF signaling pathway,and NF-κB signaling pathway.Conclusion Six differentially expressed microRNAs is identified,which may serve as biological markers for the early diagnosis of thyroid nodules at different iodine levels.

Objective:To establish the qualitative and quantitative methods of Lomatogonium carinthiacum(Wulf.)Reichb.in the prescription of Mongolian medicine Polypill Zhuanglun-5 decoction,and solve the phe-nomenon of Lomatogonium carinthiacum(Wulf.)Reichb.being replaced.Methods:Microscopic identification method was used to observe the pollen grains in the powder;The reference substance of swertiamarin and Lomato-gonium carinthiacum(Wulf.)Reichb.were used as the control,and the ethyl acetate methanol water formic acid(12∶2∶2∶0.5)was used as the developing agent for TLC identification;HPLC was used under the condin-tion including Agilent Eclipse Plus C18(250 mm × 4.6 mm,5 μm)as chromatographic column and 0.2％phosphoric acid solution(A)-acetonitrile(B)as mobile phase with gradient elution at 238 nm of detection wavelength were used.Contents of Zhuanglun-5 decoction from different manufacturers were determined with swertiamarin as reference substance.Results:Among the 12 batches of Zhuanglun-5 decoction,8 batches were Lomatogonium carinthiacum(Wulf.)Reichb.,2 batches were Viola yedoensis,and 2 batches were other medicinal materials.The content of swertiamarin in 8 batches of Zhuanglun-5 decoction ranged from 0.2 to 11.7 mg·g-1.Conclusion:The established identification method is simple and effective,and the content determination method is stable and has strong specificity.It can provide technical support for the supervision of the preparation,and has a reference effect for the improvement of traditional Chinese and Mongolian pharmaceuti-cal preparation standards.

Background Most metro system are underground, airtight, with inadequate ventilation and massive gatherings, posing health risks to metro riders. Objective To evaluate air quality of Metro Line 1 in a city, and provide suggestions and basis for preventing harmful factors and protecting the health of passengers. Methods Station halls, station platforms, and metro carriages of Metro Line 1 in a city were monitored in summer (from July to August in 2021) and winter (from January to February in 2022). Six metro stations were selected by stratified sampling. Each station and carriage were monitored for three consecutive days in rush hours (9:00–11:00 and 19:00–21:00) and non-rush hours (11:00–13:00), with the same monitoring frequency. The monitored indicators were physical factors (temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, illumination, and noise), chemical factors (carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, inhalable particles, formaldehyde, benzene, toluene, xylene, ammonia, and ozone), biological factor (airborne total bacterial count), and radiation factor (radon). The monitoring results were compared by location, time period, and season. Results According to the Hygienic indicators and limits for public places (GB 37488—2019), the selected physical factors did not meet the standard, especially the temperature and relative humidity of station hall and platform, and wind speed and noise of carriage. The results of physical factors varied significantly by location (P<0.05). In summer, the temperature of carriage [M (P₂₅, P₇₅), 23.9 (23.3, 24.6)℃] was the lowest, and the wind speed [0.78 (0.37, 1.11) m·s⁻¹] and noise [76.0 (72.0, 80.3) dB] of carriage were the highest; in winter, the temperatures of station hall and platform were the lowest [16.2 (13.2, 17.2)℃ and 16.2 (13.4, 17.0)℃, respectively], the relative humidity of carriage [26.4% (24.2%, 27.9%)] was the lowest, and the wind speed and noise of carriage were the highest [0.83 (0.47, 1.18) m·s⁻¹ and 74.5 (70.1, 78.3) dB, respectively]. The physical factors varied significantly by time period (P<0.05). In summer, the temperature was the lowest during morning rush hours [24.0 (23.0, 24.8)℃] and non-rush hours [24.2 (23.2, 24.9)℃], and the relative humidity during evening rush hours was the lowest [41.9% (37.0%, 47.8%)]; in winter, the temperature was the lowest during morning and evening rush hours [16.8 (13.4, 19.7)℃ and 16.5 (15.1, 19.4)℃, respectively], the relative humidity during the non-rush period was the lowest [26.8% (24.7%, 28.6%)], and the wind speed during evening rush hours was the highest [0.28 (0.19, 0.51) m·s⁻¹]. All measured chemical factors, biological factor, and radiation factor met the national standard (GB 37488—2019). Conclusion The chemical, biological, and radiative factors are complied with the national standard (GB 37488—2019) except physical factors such as temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and noise. We suggest that the metro operators make full use of air conditioning system in combination with humidifiers to better regulate temperature and relative humidity, and .arrange working hours reasonably and provide noise-proof earplugs for carriage staff to protect against noise hazard.

Objective:To test and evaluate the reliability and clinical effectiveness of osteoporotic thoracolumbar fracture (OTLF) scoring and classification system.Methods:A multicenter retrospective case series study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of 530 OTLF patients admitted to 8 hospitals including Honghui Hospital Affiliated to Xi'an Jiaotong University from January 2021 to June 2022. There were 212 males and 318 females, aged 55-90 years [(72.6±10.8)years]. There were 4 patients with grade C and 18 with grade D according to American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) classification. According to the osteoporotic thoracolumbar injury classification and severity (OTLICS) score, all patients had an OTLICS score over 4 points and required surgical treatment. Among them, 410 patients had acute symptomatic OTLF (ASOTLF), including 24 patients with type I, 159 type IIA, 47 type IIB, 31 type IIC, 136 type IIIA, 8 type IIIB, 2 type IV (absence of neurological symptoms) and 3 type IV (presence of neurological symptoms), and 120 patients had chronic symptomatic OTLF (CSOTLF), including 62 patients with type I, 21 type II, 17 type III, 3 type IV (reducible under general anesthesia), 9 type IV (not reducible under general anesthesia), 1 type V (reducible under general anesthesia), 5 type V (presence of neurological symptoms), and 2 type V (not reducible under general anesthesia). Surgical procedures included percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP), positional repositioning plus PVP, percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP), posterior open reduction combined with bone graft fusion and bone cement augmented screw internal fixation, posterior open reduction combined with decompression, bone graft fusion and bone cement augmented screw internal fixation, and posterior open reduction combined with osteotomy and orthopedics, bone graft fusion and bone cement augmented screw internal fixation. A weighted Kappa was used to test the interobserver and intraobserver reliability of the OTLICS score, the ASOTLF classification, and the CSOTLF classification. The visual analog scale (VAS), Oswestry disability index (ODI), ASIA classification were compared before, at 1 month after surgery and at the last follow-up. Incidence of postoperative complications was observed.Results:The percentage of mean interobserver agreement for OTLICS staging was 93.4%, with a mean confidence Kappa value of 0.86, and the percentage of mean intraobserver agreement was 93.0%, with a mean confidence kappa value of 0.86. The percentage of mean interobserver agreement for ASOTLF staging was 94.2%, with a mean confidence Kappa value of 0.84, and the percentage of mean intraobserver agreement was 92.5%, with a mean confidence Kappa value of 0.83. The percentage of mean interobserver agreement for CSOTLF subtyping was 91.9%, with a mean confidence Kappa value of 0.80, and the percentage of mean intraobserver agreement was 91.3%, with a mean confidence Kappa value of 0.81. All the patients were followed up for 6-12 months [(9.0±2.1)months]. The VAS and ODI scores were significantly lower in patients with ASOTLF and CSOTLF classifications at 1 month after surgery and at the last follow-up than those before surgery (all P<0.05). The VAS scores in patients with ASOTLF types IIA, IIB, IIC, IIIA, and IV were significantly lower at the last follow-up than that at 1 month after surgery; the ODI scores in patients with ASOTLF types I, IIA, IIB, IIIA, IIIB and IV were significantly lower at the last follow-up than those at 1 month after surgery. The VAS scores in patients with CSOTLF types II, III, IV, and V were significantly lower at the last follow-up than those at 1 month after surgery, and the ODI scores in patients with all CSOTLF types were significantly lower at the last follow-up than those at 1 month after surgery (all P<0.05). Two patients with ASIA grade C recovered to grade D, and the rest recovered to grade E at the last follow-up ( P<0.01). No major vessel or nerve injury or internal fixation failure was found during follow-up. There were 18 patients with cement leakage, none of whom showed relevant clinical symptoms. There were 35 patients with new vertebral fractures, all of whom recovered well after symptomatic treatment. Conclusions:The OTLICS score, ASOTLF classification and CSOTLF classification have a high degree of reliability. Application of stepwise treatment for patients with different levels of injury according to the scoring and classification system can reduce pain, promote recovery of the spinal function, and reduce complications, which is of some significance in guiding the selection of clinical treatment.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of TBK1 overexpression on hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R) injury in isolated mouse cardiomyocytes subjected to high glucose and the relationship with mitochondrial autophagy.Methods:Normally cultured log-phase HL-1 mouse cardiomyocytes were inoculated in a 6-well plate at a density of 1×10 6 cells/ml and were divided into 4 groups ( n=10 each) using a random number table method: control group (group C), high glucose group (group HG), high glucose and H/R group (group HG+ H/R), and TBK1 overexpression group (group TBK1). The cells were incubated in culture medium with 1% fetal bovine serum and 1% double antibody for 24 h when the cell density reached 50%.When the cell density reached 80%, pcDNA3.1 (+ ) was used as a vector to achieve TBK1 overexpression.The cells were cultured with high glucose medium (33 mmol/L) for 24 h, exposed to 94% N 2+ 5% CO 2+ 1% O 2 for 24 h in an incubator at 37℃ followed by 12 h reoxygenation in an incubator containing 5% CO 2 at 37°C to establish the model of H/R injury to cardiomyocytes subjected to high glucose.After reoxygenation, CCK-8 assay was used to detect cell viability, the activity of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) in supernatant was detected using LDH kit, mitochondrial contents were determined using Mito-Tracter green fluorescent probe, and the expression of TBK1 and mitophagy-related proteins PINK1, Parkin, LC3B and P62 was detected by Western blot. Results:Compared with group C, the cell viability was significantly decreased, the activity of LDH in supernatant was increased, mitochondrial contents were decreased, the expression of TBK1, PINK1, Parkin and LC3B was down-regulated, and the expression of P62 was up-regulated in HG group and HG+ H/R group ( P<0.05). Compared with group HG, the cell viability was significantly decreased, the activity of LDH in supernatant was increased, mitochondrial contents were decreased, the expression of TBK1, PINK1, Parkin and LC3B was down-regulated, and the expression of P62 was up-regulated in group HG+ H/R ( P<0.05). Compared with group HG+ H/R, the the cell viability was significantly increased, the activity of LDH in supernatant was decreased, mitochondrial contents were increased, the expression of TBK1, PINK1, Parkin and LC3B was up-regulated, and the expression of P62 was down-regulated in group TBK1 ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The mechanism by which TBK1 overexpression reduces the H/R injury is related to restoring mitophagy in isolated mouse cardiomyocytes subjected to high glucose.

This study aimed to quantitatively assess the effectiveness of the Wuhan lockdown measure on controlling the spread of coronavirus diesase 2019 (COVID-19). : Firstly，estimate the daily new infection rate in Wuhan before January 23，2020 when the city went into lockdown by consulting the data of Wuhan population mobility and the number of cases imported from Wuhan in 217 cities of Mainland China. Then estimate what the daily new infection rate would have been in Wuhan from January 24 to January 30th if the lockdown measure had been delayed for 7 days，assuming that the daily new infection in Wuhan after January 23 increased in a high，moderate and low trend respectively (using exponential, linear and logarithm growth models). Based on that，calculate the number of infection cases imported from Wuhan during this period. Finally，predict the possible impact of 7-day delayed lockdown in Wuhan on the epidemic situation in China using the susceptible-exposed-infectious-removed (SEIR) model. : The daily new infection rate in Wuhan was estimated to be 0.021%，0.026%，0.029%，0.033% and 0.070% respectively from January 19 to January 23. And there were at least 20 066 infection cases in Wuhan by January 23，2020. If Wuhan lockdown measure had been delayed for 7 days，the daily new infection rate on January 30 would have been 0.335% in the exponential growth model，0.129% in the linear growth model，and 0.070% in the logarithm growth model. Correspondingly，there would have been 32 075，24 819 and 20 334 infection cases travelling from Wuhan to other areas of Mainland China，and the number of cumulative confirmed cases as of March 19 in Mainland China would have been 3.3-3.9 times of the officially reported number. Conclusions: Timely taking city-level lockdown measure in Wuhan in the early stage of COVID-19 outbreak is essential in containing the spread of the disease in China.
COVID-19 ; China/epidemiology* ; Cities ; Communicable Disease Control ; Humans ; SARS-CoV-2

To evaluate the impact of socioeconomic status，population mobility，prevention and control measures on the early-stage coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) development in major cities of China. : The rate of daily new confirmed COVID-19 cases in the 51 cities with the largest number of cumulative confirmed cases as of February 19，2020 (except those in Hubei province) were collected and analyzed using the time series cluster analysis. It was then assessed according to three aspects，that is, socioeconomic status，population mobility，and control measures for the pandemic. : According to the analysis on the 51 cities，4 development patterns of COVID-19 were obtained，including a high-incidence pattern (in Xinyu)，a late high-incidence pattern (in Ganzi)，a moderate incidence pattern (in Wenzhou and other 12 cities)，and a low and stable incidence pattern (in Hangzhou and other 35 cities). Cities with different types and within the same type both had different scores on the three aspects. : There were relatively large difference on the COVID-19 development among different cities in China，possibly affected by socioeconomic status，population mobility and prevention and control measures that were taken. Therefore，a timely public health emergency response and travel restriction measures inside the city can interfere the development of the pandemic. Population flow from high risk area can largely affect the number of cumulative confirmed cases.
COVID-19 ; China/epidemiology* ; Cities ; Humans ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Social Class

Background:China's accelerating development and increasingly important role in global health engagement create a great demand for global health professionals including international consulting experts.This study reported the detailed development and evaluation of an international consulting training for global health workforce.Methods:Based on Kirkpatrick's model,a mixed-methods approach was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the training.Quantitative and qualitative data on participants' reaction,learning,and application of the learned knowledge and skills were collected by a training evaluation survey at the ending of training and a follow-up interview in three months after the training.Results:Thirty-six participants attended the training and 34 of them completed quantitative investigation.The training satisfaction evaluations were positive,for which participants rated the training program highly and over 90％ of them agreed with the usefulness of the training.About knowledge and skills change,participants showed improved consulting knowledge and skills from pre-to post-training (P ＜ 0.001).A total of 23 participants accepted follow-up interview,and most participants applied knowledge and skills learned from the training in their daily work or study.However,only 30.4％ of participants applied their learning in the consulting program.The largest barrier of application was the lack of consulting opportunities.In addition,almost all the participants reported that they would be glad to attend more training courses in the future.Conclusion:The international consulting training program was well-received,and was feasible to improve the consulting service competence of global health professionals.According to participants' feedback,it is essential to develop and expand consulting training in the field of global health.

Objective To explore the effects of Qa-1 and PD-L1 loaded artificial liposomal treatment in allograft rejection and its outcomes .Methods The extracellular domains of Qa-1 and PD-L1 were loaded on liposome surface by streptavidin-biotin system . Mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) was performed for measuring Qa-1/PD-L1 liposome biological function .Then liposome was co-transplanted with allo-islets via portal vein .The levels of blood glucose and C-peptide were detected daily after transplantation .Also hepatic lymphocytes after transplantation were isolated for determining the proportion of activated cells and signaling pathway changes .Results Artificial liposome could be easily loaded with biotinylated peptide and its diameter was between 50 to 500 nm . Qa-1/PD-L1 liposome could significantly suppress lymphocyte proliferation , activation and secretion of IFN-γ in MLR by an activation of SHP1/2 and an inhibition of Syk pathway .Qa-1/ PD-L1 liposomes could suppress the activation of hepatic lymphocytes in vivo by activating SHP1/2 ,protecting islet allografts and maintaining a normal level of blood glucose in recipients .Conclusions Qa-1/PD-L1 loaded liposome can effectively suppress allograft rejection and improve the outcomes of islet transplantation .