Background Studies have shown that benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) exhibits neurotoxicity and can induce cognitive dysfunction. Olfactory dysfunction is an early marker of mild cognitive impairment; however, the mechanism by which BaP exposure causes this impairment is still unclear. Objective To investigate the effects of BaP exposure on olfactory function in mice. Methods Thirty 5-month-old male C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to five groups (n=6 per group): blank control, solvent control (olive oil), and low, medium and high doses (0.72, 1.44, and 2.89 mg·kg⁻¹, respectively). Following one week of acclimatization, BaP was administered intranasally every other day. Behavioral changes were assessed using the buried food test and Morris water maze (MWM). Olfactory bulb tissues were subsequently harvested for analysis. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was used to evaluate pathological changes, while immunofluorescence and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) were employed to examine the expression and distribution of protein and mRNA expressions and distributions of olfactory marker protein (OMP), membrane-spanning 4-pass A1 (MS4A1), trace amine-associated receptor1 (TAAR1). Results The buried food test revealed that BaP exposure significantly prolonged the time taken to find food in a dose-dependent manner (F=56.753, P< 0.01). MWM results showed significant main effects for both time (F=128.5, P<0.01) and dose (F=3.889, P<0.05), with a significant interaction effect between them (F=2.128, P<0.05). HE staining showed that in the 2.89 mg·kg⁻¹ group, although granule remained abundant, mitral cell layer neurons exhibited structural atrophy and deep staining. Immunofluorescence demonstrated a decreased distribution of OMP, MS4A1, and TAAR1 in the olfactory nerve layer and glomerular layers in the 2.89 mg·kg⁻¹ group compared with the blank control group (F=11.590, P<0.01; F=12.807, P<0.01; F=7.436, P<0.01). Furthermore, mRNA expression levels of OMP, MS4A1, and TAAR1 in the 2.89 mg·kg⁻¹ group were also significantly downregulated compared to the control group (F=6.720, P<0.01; F=16.931, P<0.01; F=48.060, P<0.01). Conclusion BaP exposure leads to olfactory dysfunction in mice by inducing pathological damage to mitral cells and reducing the expression of key olfactory receptors and markers in the olfactory bulb.

Background Studies have shown that benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) exhibits neurotoxicity and can induce cognitive dysfunction. Olfactory dysfunction is an early marker of mild cognitive impairment; however, the mechanism by which BaP exposure causes this impairment is still unclear. Objective To investigate the effects of BaP exposure on olfactory function in mice. Methods Thirty 5-month-old male C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to five groups (n=6 per group): blank control, solvent control (olive oil), and low, medium and high doses (0.72, 1.44, and 2.89 mg·kg⁻¹, respectively). Following one week of acclimatization, BaP was administered intranasally every other day. Behavioral changes were assessed using the buried food test and Morris water maze (MWM). Olfactory bulb tissues were subsequently harvested for analysis. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was used to evaluate pathological changes, while immunofluorescence and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) were employed to examine the expression and distribution of protein and mRNA expressions and distributions of olfactory marker protein (OMP), membrane-spanning 4-pass A1 (MS4A1), trace amine-associated receptor1 (TAAR1). Results The buried food test revealed that BaP exposure significantly prolonged the time taken to find food in a dose-dependent manner (F=56.753, P< 0.01). MWM results showed significant main effects for both time (F=128.5, P<0.01) and dose (F=3.889, P<0.05), with a significant interaction effect between them (F=2.128, P<0.05). HE staining showed that in the 2.89 mg·kg⁻¹ group, although granule remained abundant, mitral cell layer neurons exhibited structural atrophy and deep staining. Immunofluorescence demonstrated a decreased distribution of OMP, MS4A1, and TAAR1 in the olfactory nerve layer and glomerular layers in the 2.89 mg·kg⁻¹ group compared with the blank control group (F=11.590, P<0.01; F=12.807, P<0.01; F=7.436, P<0.01). Furthermore, mRNA expression levels of OMP, MS4A1, and TAAR1 in the 2.89 mg·kg⁻¹ group were also significantly downregulated compared to the control group (F=6.720, P<0.01; F=16.931, P<0.01; F=48.060, P<0.01). Conclusion BaP exposure leads to olfactory dysfunction in mice by inducing pathological damage to mitral cells and reducing the expression of key olfactory receptors and markers in the olfactory bulb.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of combined fungal balls on the clinical characteristics and tissue inflammatory patterns of odontogenic maxillary sinusitis(OMS).METHODS Retrospective collection of OMS patients admitted to the Department of Allergy of Beijing Tongren Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University from January 2022 to December 2024,who underwent surgery.CT imaging was used to identify the types of odontogenic causes,and tissue sections stained with HE were used to classify the types of inflammation.The impact of fungal balls on the clinical characteristics and inflammatory patterns of OMS was analyzed.RESULTS Among 43 patients with OMS,44.1%were combined with fungal balls,and there was no statistical difference in gender,age and diabetes combination.OMS with fungal balls is more prone to periodontitis,while OMS without fungal balls is more prone to periapical periodontitis.Whether or not combining with fungal balls has no effect on the incidence of sinus floor destruction.The presence or absence of fungal balls has no effect on the tissue inflammation pattern of OMS,and the lymphocyte type is the most common inflammatory cell type in OMS with(45.4%)and without(41.6%)fungal balls.CONCLUSION OMS often coexists with fungal balls,and periodontitis is more common,but it has no effect on the type of tissue inflammation.

Objective To explore the effect of Roy's adaptive model nursing on the rehabilitation in patients with multiple myeloma.Methods Eighty patients with multiple myeloma who were treated in Huaibei Miners General Hospital from October 2018 to October 2021 were selected by convenient sampling.They were divided into two groups by random number table method,with 40 patients in each group.Routine nursing was applied in the control group,and Roy's adaptive model nursing was given to the study group.The nutritional status,psychological resilience and lifestyle improvement were compared between the two groups.Results Before nursing,there was no significant difference in the nutritional indicators,Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale(CD-RISC)score,or Health-Promoting Lifestyle Scale(HPLP Ⅱ)score between the two groups(P>0.05).After nursing,body mass index(BMI),triceps skinfold thickness(TSF),albumin(ALB)and prealbumin(PA),the scores of toughness,strength and optimism in CD-RISC,and the scores of interpersonal relationship,nutrition management,health responsibility,exercise management,stress management and mental growth in HPLP Ⅱ were increased in both groups(P<0.05),and these indexes in the study group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion Roy's adaptive model nursing can improve nutritional status,enhance psychological resilience and promote healthy lifestyle of patients with multiple myeloma.

Objective:To explore the genetic and clinical characteristics of Guizhou patients with enlarged vestibular aqueduct（EVA） syndrome through combined SLC26A4 variant analysis and clinical phenotype analysis. Methods:Seventy-two EVA patients underwent comprehensive genetic testing using a multiplex PCR-based deafness gene panel and next-generation sequencing（NGS）. The audiological and temporal bone imaging characteristics were compared across mutation subtypes. Results:A total of 27 pathogenic loci of SLC26A4 were detected in 72 patients, including c.919-2A>G in 79.2%（57/72）. A novel deletion（c.1703_1707+6del） was discovered. Among 65 cases, truncated mutations were 89.2%（58/65）, 52.3%（34/65）, 28（43.1%） and 7（10.8%）. No significant differences were observed in the midpoint diameter of the vestibular aqueduct and the incidence of incomplete partitioning typeⅡ（IP-Ⅱ） of the cochlea among the three groups of patients. Moreover, there was no difference in the midpoint diameter of different vestibular pipes or the combination with IP-Ⅱ. Conclusion:The most common mutation site of SLC26A4 in EVA patients in Guizhou is c.919-2A>G, though genotype-phenotype correlations remain elusive. The detection of 27 mutation sites and the discovery of new mutation sites suggested the precise diagnostic significance of NGS technology in EVA patients in Guizhou.
Humans ; Sulfate Transporters ; Vestibular Aqueduct/abnormalities* ; Mutation ; Membrane Transport Proteins/genetics* ; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/genetics* ; Male ; Female ; Child ; Adolescent ; Child, Preschool ; Adult ; Young Adult ; Phenotype ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing

Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies are being widely applied in radiotherapy. However, the integration of AI into clinical workflows of radiotherapy faces a series of challenges, such as poor model interpretability, domain shifts between clinical application and training data, and the inherent model uncertainties. Therefore, case-specific quality assurance (QA) is essential before deploying AI models in clinical practice. This paper reviews and summarizes QA methodologies for the application of AI models in radiotherapy across four key areas: image registration, image generation, region of interest segmentation, and treatment planning.

Objective:To assess intrafractional errors of the deformation of clinical target volumes (CTVs) during online adaptive radiotherapy (OART) for prostate cancer patients, aiming to provide a basis for online plan optimization.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted for 13 prostate cancer patients who received 1.5 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-guided OART (8 Gy × 5 fractions, totaling 65 fractions) at the Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. The MRI images were collected at the beginning and end of various treatment fractions. Then, the CTVs and organs at risk (OARs) were delineated by the same radiation oncologist. After rigid registration and triangle mesh generation, the surface vertices were extracted. The deformable registration for the CTV surfaces was performed using the thin-plate spline robust point matching (TPS-RPM) algorithm, yielding vertex correspondences. Last, both systematic and random intrafractional errors of CTV deformation were calculated.Results:The average Hausdorff distance (HD) for deformable registration of treatment fractions was (1.68 ± 0.28) mm. The intrafractional systematic errors of CTV deformation were (0.25 ± 3.18) mm (anterior-posterior direction; A-P), (0.89 ± 3.85) mm (left-right direction, L-R), and (-1.98 ± 6.69) mm (superior-inferior direction, S-I). The intrafractional random errors of CTV deformation were determined at (-0.26 ± 1.89) mm (A-P), (-0.08 ± 0.88) mm (L-R), and (-0.04 ± 1.86) mm (S-I).Conclusions:During OART, CTV deformations primarily occur in the S-I direction. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the expanded size of margins in this direction during OART for prostate cancer.

Objective:To assess intrafractional errors of the deformation of clinical target volumes (CTVs) during online adaptive radiotherapy (OART) for prostate cancer patients, aiming to provide a basis for online plan optimization.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted for 13 prostate cancer patients who received 1.5 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-guided OART (8 Gy × 5 fractions, totaling 65 fractions) at the Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. The MRI images were collected at the beginning and end of various treatment fractions. Then, the CTVs and organs at risk (OARs) were delineated by the same radiation oncologist. After rigid registration and triangle mesh generation, the surface vertices were extracted. The deformable registration for the CTV surfaces was performed using the thin-plate spline robust point matching (TPS-RPM) algorithm, yielding vertex correspondences. Last, both systematic and random intrafractional errors of CTV deformation were calculated.Results:The average Hausdorff distance (HD) for deformable registration of treatment fractions was (1.68 ± 0.28) mm. The intrafractional systematic errors of CTV deformation were (0.25 ± 3.18) mm (anterior-posterior direction; A-P), (0.89 ± 3.85) mm (left-right direction, L-R), and (-1.98 ± 6.69) mm (superior-inferior direction, S-I). The intrafractional random errors of CTV deformation were determined at (-0.26 ± 1.89) mm (A-P), (-0.08 ± 0.88) mm (L-R), and (-0.04 ± 1.86) mm (S-I).Conclusions:During OART, CTV deformations primarily occur in the S-I direction. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the expanded size of margins in this direction during OART for prostate cancer.

Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies are being widely applied in radiotherapy. However, the integration of AI into clinical workflows of radiotherapy faces a series of challenges, such as poor model interpretability, domain shifts between clinical application and training data, and the inherent model uncertainties. Therefore, case-specific quality assurance (QA) is essential before deploying AI models in clinical practice. This paper reviews and summarizes QA methodologies for the application of AI models in radiotherapy across four key areas: image registration, image generation, region of interest segmentation, and treatment planning.