Cardiotoxicity induced by antineoplastic agents is an important factor affecting the prognosis of cancer patients. This article systematically summarizes the clinical manifestations of cardiotoxicity caused by chemotherapeutic drugs, molecular targeted cancer therapies, and immunotherapeutic drugs, and identifies the core injury mechanisms, including cardiomyocyte apoptosis, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction. In Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) theory, anticancer drug-induced cardiotoxicity falls under the category of “heat toxins” characterized by dual deficiency of qi and blood, upward flaming of heart heat, stagnation of the heart vessels, and meridian obstruction induced by phlegm-dampness. Therefore, by reviewing the preventive and therapeutic effects and the underlying mechanisms of tonic medicines, interior heat-clearing medicines, blood-circulating and stasis-resolving medicines, phlegm-transforming, cough-suppressing and panting-relieving medicines, and interior-warming medicines, this paper concludes that TCM prevention and treatment of this condition adheres to the formulation principle of “reinforcing healthy qi, removing toxins, and resolving blood stasis”. Its mechanisms of action—including antioxidation effects, regulation of autophagic balance, antagonism of inflammatory responses, and improvement of microcirculation—are highly consistent with modern medical treatment strategies (e.g., dexrazoxane for inhibiting iron-dependent oxidative stress, statins for anti-inflammatory effects). This study provides theoretical support and practical guidance for the collaborative and precise prevention and treatment of anticancer drug-induced cardiotoxicity through the integration of traditional Chinese and Western medicine.

BACKGROUND:Parkinson's disease has the main pathological changes in the midbrain,especially in the dense substantia nigra,leading to impaired motor and non-motor function in patients.At present,research is limited by cellular heterogeneity,and its pathogenesis still needs to be further elucidated.In recent years,single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)has gradually been applied in neurodegenerative diseases,which is of great significance for understanding intercellular heterogeneity,disease development mechanisms,and treatment strategies. OBJECTIVE:To review the research progress of scRNA-seq technology applied to Parkinson's disease in recent years,providing a theoretical basis for the application of scRNA-seq in the treatment and diagnosis of Parkinson's disease. METHODS:The first author used a computer system to search for relevant literature in the CNKI,WanFang,PubMed,and Web of Science databases,with the Chinese search terms"single-cell RNA sequencing,Parkinson's disease,cell heterogeneity,cell subtypes,dopaminergic neurons,glial cells"and English search terms"single-cell RNA seq,Parkinson disease,heterogenicity,subtypes,dopaminergic neurons,glial cells."71 articles were ultimately included for review and analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)scRNA-seq is a high-throughput experimental technique that utilizes RNA sequencing at the single-cell level to quantify gene expression profiles in specific cell populations,revealing cellular mysteries at the molecular level.Compared with traditional sequencing techniques,scRNA-seq technology is used to reveal the diversity of cell types and changes in specific gene expression in complex tissues under various physiological and pathological conditions through automatic clustering analysis of cell transcriptome.(2)By using scRNA-seq,the development process of dopaminergic neurons and the unique functional characteristics of various cell subtypes are elucidated,in order to better understand potential therapeutic molecular targets.(3)The use of scRNA-seq analysis has improved our understanding of the response of Parkinson's disease glial cells,enabling us to comprehensively map and characterize different cell type populations,identify specific glial cell subpopulations related to neurodegeneration,and draw valuable single cell maps as reference data for future research.(4)The application of scRNA-seq to detect embryonic mice and stem cells will help improve the in vitro differentiation protocol and quality control of cell therapy,as well as evaluate the overall cell quality and developmental stage of dopaminergic neurons derived from stem cells.

ObjectiveTo analyze the research hotspot and future trend of non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) in Alzheimer's disease. MethodsRelevant literature on application of NIBS in Alzheimer's disease from January, 2014 to October, 2024 was retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection database. CiteSpace 6.4.R1 was used to perform a bibliometric analysis and to create knowledge maps, including annual publication volume, countries, institutions, authors, keywords and co-cited references. ResultsA total of 731 articles were included, showing an increasing trend in annual publication volume. The United States was the leading country in publication volume, Harvard University was the most productive institution, and Giacomo Koch was the most prolific author. Brain Stimulation was the most frequently cited journal. Highly focused keywords included cognitive impairment, memory, dementia, transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation. Bursting keywords in the past two years included transcranial alternating current stimulation, functional magnetic resonance imaging, brain-derived neurotrophic factor and oxidative stress. ConclusionResearch interest in NIBS within the field of Alzheimer's disease has been steadily increasing. The research hotspots include the effect and mechanism of NIBS on cognitive function and the impact of stimulating different brain regions on cognitive outcome. Future research may focus on integrating NIBS with techniques such as functional magnetic resonance imaging to achieve individualized and precise stimulation.

Objective To explore the application of cell block(CB)technology in the diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma(PTC).Methods A total of 86 patients with thyroid nodules who were treated at Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University from February 2023 to December 2024 were retrospectively selected.Before the operation,all patients underwent ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy.After the biopsy,the specimens were respectively subjected to cell smear(CS)and CB pathological examinations.Using postoperative pathology as the gold standard,the clinical application value of CS,CB,BRAFV600E gene detection,and combined detection in the preoperative diagnosis of PTC was evaluated.Results A total of 86 patients were included.Among them,42 cases were diagnosed as PTC by postoperative pathology,and 44 cases were benign lesions.The sensitivity(73.81％),specificity(97.73％),positive predictive value(96.88％),negative predictive value(79.63％),and accuracy(86.05％)of CB in the preoperative diagnosis of PTC were significantly higher than those of CS.The Kappa consistency test results showed that the consistency between CB pathological results and postoperative pathological results was better than that of CS.Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis indicated that the area under the curve(AUC)of CB was significantly higher than that of CS(0.858 vs.0.743,Z=2.391,P=0.017).Furthermore,the combination of CB and BRAFV600E gene detection further improved preoperative diagnostic performance,with a consistency with postoperative pathological results(Kappa=0.837)superior to other examination methods,and an AUC(0.918)significantly higher than other examination methods.Conclusion CB has significant clinical application value in the preoperative diagnosis of PTC,with diagnostic performance significantly superior to CS.Further combination with BRAFV600E gene detection can significantly improve preoperative diagnostic accuracy.

Objective:To investigate the characteristics of serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) N-glycans in male patients with different subtypes and severity grades of androgenetic alopecia (AGA) .Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted on male patients diagnosed with male-pattern hair loss (MPHL) or female-pattern hair loss (FPHL) who attended the Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University between June and December 2022. Clinical data were collected, and serum IgG N-glycans were quantitatively analyzed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) . The content of serum IgG N-glycan structures was compared between patients with different AGA subtypes and among patients with different severity grades of MPHL or FPHL, while derived traits were compared between patients with different AGA subtypes. Point-biserial correlation analysis was conducted to assess associations between serum IgG N-glycans and hair loss severity.Results:A total of 85 male patients with AGA were included, comprising 44 MPHL patients and 41 FPHL patients. No significant differences were observed between the two subgroups in terms of age, age at onset, or serum levels of testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin, uric acid, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (all P > 0.05) . UPLC showed 23 serum IgG glycans and 5 derived glycan traits (afucosylation, fucosylation, bisecting GlcNAc, terminal galactosylation, and terminal sialylation) . Compared with the MPHL patients, the FPHL patients exhibited significantly increased levels of N-glycans GP5, GP11, GP17, and GP20 (all P < 0.05) , significantly elevated levels of afucosylated IgG N-glycans ( P = 0.047) , but significantly reduced core fucosylated IgG N-glycans ( P = 0.047) . No significant differences in serum IgG N-glycan composition were observed among patients with varying severity grades of MPHL (all P > 0.05) . In the FPHL patients, the levels of N-glycans GP10 ( r = 0.32, P = 0.039) and GP22 ( r = -0.32, P = 0.045) were significantly positively and negatively correlated with hair loss severity respectively; receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that both GP10 and GP22 had moderate diagnostic value for predicting hair loss severity, with the area under the curve values being 0.69 (95% CI: 0.52 - 0.86) and 0.71 (95% CI: 0.55 - 0.86) , respectively. Conclusion:Serum IgG N-glycan profiles differed among male patients with different AGA subtypes, and N-glycans GP10 and GP22 may serve as potential biomarkers for early assessment of hair loss severity in male FPHL patients.

Oral minoxidil has been used to treat various hair loss disorders, including alopecia areata, though its efficacy as a monotherapy remains unclear. In recent years, oral minoxidil has increasingly been applied as an adjuvant treatment alongside other agents such as Janus kinase inhibitors for alopecia areata. This review summarizes the current application of oral minoxidil in the treatment of alopecia areata.

Changes in hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) can affect scalp aging and hair growth. With increasing age, HFSCs exhibit a decrease in quiescence maintenance and self-renewal capacity, as well as differentiation potential, leading to shortened hair growth cycles and even hair loss. This review summarizes recent research advances in the multifactorial interactions underlying hair loss, including the regulatory mechanisms of HFSC quiescence, the impact of aging on HFSC function, and aging of the stem cell microenvironment. Additionally, this review discusses the relationship between stem cells and hair shafts, and the mechanisms of action of stem cells in scalp aging, including alterations in signaling pathways, chromatin remodeling, and epigenetic regulation, etc. Furthermore, stem cell-based therapeutic strategies are summarized, such as the use of stem cells or their secreting exosomes, modulation of the stem cell microenvironment, and pharmacological interventions.

Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is the most common type of hair loss in humans, characterized by the patterned miniaturization of scalp hair follicles and shortened anagen phases. Recent studies have revealed a significant association between AGA and metabolic syndrome (MetS) . The hallmarks of MetS include abdominal obesity, impaired glucose metabolism, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. This commentary evaluates the epidemiological association between AGA and MetS, explores the underlying concurrent mechanisms, and discusses current and potential therapeutic strategies.

Discoidin domain receptor 1(DDR1)is overexpressed in various tumors,such as triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC),and is rarely expressed in normal tissues.These characteristics make DDR1 a preferable target candidate for the construction of an antibody-drug conjugate(ADC)for targeted therapy.Here,we investigated the preparation and preclinical efficacy of DDR1-DX8951,an ADC that includes an anti-DDR1 monoclonal antibody conjugated to DX8951 by a cleavable Gly-Gly-Phe-Gly(GGFG)linker.The anti-DDR1 monoclonal antibody was coupled to DX8951(i.e.,DDR1-DX8951),producing the targeted ther-apy ADC.The antitumor activities of DDR1-DX8951 monotherapy or DDR1-DX8951 plus pembrolizumab were assessed in TNBC mouse models.DDR1-DX8951 can specifically target DDR1,be quickly internal-ized by TNBC cells,and reduce the viability of TNBC cells in vitro.The potent antitumor activity of DDR1-DX8951 was revealed in TNBC xenograft models.Importantly,our investigation demonstrated that DDR1-DX8951 plus pembrolizumab not only revealed the inhibitory efficacy on tumor growth and metastasis but also played an important role in improving the immunosuppressive tumor microenvi-ronment(TME)of TNBC.Taken together,this investigation provides justification for large-sample studies to further assess the safety and efficacy of DDR1-DX8951 plus pembrolizumab for TNBC clinical trials.

Objective To explore the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndrome character-istics and medication patterns of cerebral small vessel disease(CSVD)using data mining techniques.Methods Clinical research literature on TCM treatment of CSVD,published from the establishment of the database to September 1,2024,was retrieved from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),Wanfang,and VIP databases.Analyses were conducted on syndromes,drug frequencies,properties,flavors,and meridian tropisms.Data mining was performed using R4.4.1 software to ex-plore associations,correlations,and clustering of TCM herbs,aiming to elucidate medication patterns in CSVD treatment.Results A total of 60 prescription formulas for treating CSVD were screened,involving 142 TCM herbs with a total usage frequency of 1,312 times.The top five most frequently used herbs were Chuanxiong,Danggui,Dilong,Huangqi,and Chishao.Herb properties were pre-dominantly warm and cold;flavors were mainly pungent,bitter,and sweet;and meridian tropisms were primarily to the liver,spleen,and heart meridians.Twenty-nine strong association rules were identified,and association analysis revealed core herbal combinations centered around Chuanxiong,Chishao,and Danggui.Clustering analysis yielded five herbal combinations.Conclusion CSVD is characterized by a deficiency in essence and excess in superficiality.Treatment should focus on tonify-ing deficiencies and eliminating excesses,combining both tonification and purgation methods.Medication patterns predominantly involve herbs for promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis,often combined with herbs for nourishing the kidney and marrow,calming the liver and suppressing wind,and awakening the mind and opening the orifices.