Objective To compare the detection rate and safety of transrectal cognitive fusion prostate biopsy and trans-perineal multiparametric MRI-transrectal ultrasound(mpMRI-TRUS)fusion-guided prostate biopsy.Methods The clinical data of 462 patients who underwent mpMRI at the Eastern Theater Command General Hospital from June 2021 to May 2025 were analyzed retrospectively.All patients had at least one suspicious lesion with a PI-RADS score ≥3 and subsequently underwent targeted prostate biopsy.The results of targeted biopsy combined with systematic biopsy were defined as the combined biopsy re-sults.The PCa detection rate,clinically significant PCa(csPCa)detection rate and incidence of complications were compared be-tween the two groups.Diagnostic performances of systematic,targeted and combined biopsies were also compared between the two approaches.Results In targeted biopsy,the transperineal group had significantly higher PCa and csPCa detection rates than those of the transrectal group(48.11％vs 38.19％,and 39.31％vs 29.17％,P＜0.05).There was no significant difference between the two groups in PCa and csPCa detection rates for systematic or combined biopsy(P＞0.05).The inci-dence rate of postoperative complications in the transperineal group was significantly lower than that of the transrectal group(14.78％vs 23.61％,P＜0.05).The detection rate of combined approach was significantly higher than that in either systemat-ic or targeted biopsy alone(P＜0.05).Conclusion Compared to the transrectal approach,transperineal mpMRI-TRUS image fusion-guided prostate biopsy demonstrates greater safety and higher accuracy in targeted biopsy.The combined biopsy strategy can effectively reduce the risk of missed diagnoses in patients with PCa.

Objective To study the effect and possible mechanism of angiotensin Ⅱ receptor blocker(ARB)on energy metabolism in mice.Methods ① Male 6-week-old C57BL/6N mice were fed with normal diet(ND)and high-fat diet(HFD)for 6 weeks,then detect their body weight and fasting blood glucose.② The diabetic mice induced by high-fat diet were randomly divided into control group(Con)and drug treatment group(ARB).They were administered with saline and valsartan at a dose of 3 mg/kg per day via gastric lavage for 6 weeks.After that,the body weight,body temperature,intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test,respiratory metabolism rate,hematoxylin-eosin staining of adipose tissue,and the expression of thermogenesis-related genes in brown adipose tissue were examined.③By using male 6-week-old db/db mice as the experimental subjects,they were also administered with saline and valsartan at a dose of 3 mg/kg per day via gastric lavage for 5 weeks.After that,the body weight,fasting blood glucose,and body temperature were measured.Results High-fat diet successfully induced the diabetic mouse model.Valsartan treatment significantly reduced the weight gain rate of HFD mice and the body weight of db/db mice,increased the body temperature of HFD mice in a 4℃cold environment,and improved the energy expenditure of HFD mice,but had no significant improvement on glucose metabolism in HFD mice.Compared with the control group,the fasting blood glucose level of db/db mice was significantly reduced after valsartan treatment,and the body temperature showed an upward trend after 2 h and 3 h of cold treatment at 4 ℃,but the difference was not statistically significant.In addition,for HFD mice,valsartan treatment significantly reduced the cell volume of brown adipocyte,subcutaneous adipocyte,and epididymal adipocyte.At the mRNA level,valsartan promoted the expression of UCP1 in brown adipose tissue,while the expression of Prdm16,PGC1α and AP2 expression did not change significantly.Conclusions Valsartan can improve energy metabolism in obese mice,and its mechanism may be related to the positive effects of ARB on the thermogenesis of brown adipose tissue.

Chronic rhinosinusitis(CRS)is a common chronic inflammation of nasal cavity and sinus mucosa,involving multiple pathogenesis mechanisms such as infection,allergic reactions,and immune abnormalities.Its main symptoms include nasal obstruction,rhinorrhea,and hyposmia,sig-nificantly affecting patients' quality of life.Seeking safe and effective long-term treatment methods is crucial for managing CRS.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has a long history of treating CRS and has gained attention due to its profound theoretical basis,high safety,and low recurrence rate.According to TCM,CRS is mostly caused by the invasion of wind-cold-damp pathogens,heat accumu-lation in the Lung meridian,or spleen-stomach weakness.Various therapies such as oral administra-tion of Chinese herbal medicines,nasal drops,acupuncture,and moxibustion are employed to adjust the body's balance and achieve therapeutic goals.This article comprehensively analyzed recent do-mestic and international literature and reviewed the research progress on pathogenesis of CRS and its treatment with TCM,with particular emphasis on roles and mechanisms of active ingredients in Chi-nese herbal medicines.The aim of the study is to provide scientific evidence and technical support for prevention and treatment of CRS.

Objective The aim of this study is to discuss the causal relationship between periodontal disease(PD)and prostate cancer(PCa).Methods A two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization(MR)analysis based on publicly statistical data from genome-wide association studies(GWAS)was conducted.MR Egger,weighted medium,simple mode and weighted mode were supplemented,while inverse variance weighted analysis(IVW)was the main method of analysis.Heterogeneity testing,pleiotropy testing and leave-one-out testing were used to assess the sensitivity and stabili-ty.Results The results of MR analysis showed that PD had no significant impact on the occurrence of PCa:East Asian(IVW,PD:OR=1.07,P=0.48);European(IVW,PD:OR=1.00,P=0.37,periodontitis:OR=1.03,P=0.14,chronic gingivitis:OR=0.99,P=0.37,chronic periodontitis:OR=1.03,P=0.22).The reverse MR analysis also did not show a causal relationship between PCa and PD:East Asian(IVW,PD:OR=0.97,P=0.22);European(IVW,PD:OR=0.84,P=0.44,periodontitis:OR=1.01,P=0.75,chronic gingivitis:OR=0.93,P=0.23,chronic periodontitis:OR=0.99,P=0.80).The results of other analysis were consistent with those of IVW analysis.Conclusions The results of our two-sample bidirectional MR analysis do not support a causal relationship between PD and PCa.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the regulatory effect of electroacupuncture (EA) at "Neiguan" (PC6) on mitochondrial autophagy in rats with myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) at different phases (ischemia and reperfusion phases), and to explore the bidirectional regulatory effects of EA at "Neiguan" (PC6) and its potential mechanism. METHODS: Forty-five male SD rats were randomly divided into 6 groups according to the random number table method, namely, sham-operation group (n=9), model-A group (n=6), model-B group (n=9), EA-A1 group (n=6), EA-B1 group (n=6), and EA-B2 group (n=9). Except the rats in the sham-operation group, the MIRI model was established in the other groups with the physical ligation and tube pushing method. In the model-A group, the samples were collected directly after ligation, and in the model-B group, the samples were collected after ligation and reperfusion. In the EA-A1 group, EA was delivered while the ligation was performed, and afterwards, the samples were collected. In the EA-B1 group, while the ligation was performed, EA was operated at the same time, and after reperfusion, the samples were collected. In the EA-B2 group, during ligation and the opening of the left anterior descending branch of the coronary artery, EA was delivered, and after reperfusion, the samples were collected. EA was performed at bilateral "Neiguan" (PC6), with a disperse-dense wave, a frequency of 2 Hz/100 Hz, a current of 1 mA, and a duration of 30 min. HE staining was employed to observe the morphology of cardiomyocytes, TUNEL was adopted to detect the apoptosis of cardiomyocytes, transcriptome sequencing was to detect the differentially expressed genes in the left ventricle, JC-1 flow cytometry was to detect the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) of cardiomyocytes, Western blot was to detect the protein expression of phosphatase and tensin homolog-induced kinase 1 (Pink1), Parkin and p62 in the left ventricle of rats, and ELISA was to detect the levels of serum creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB) and cardiac troponin I (cTn-I) in the rats. RESULTS: Compared with the sham-operation group, the cardiomyocytes of rats in the model-B group were severely damaged, with disordered arrangement, unclear boundaries, broken muscle fibers, edema and loose distribution; and the cardiomyocytes in the EA-B2 group were slightly damaged, the cell structure was partially unclear, the cells were arranged more regularly, and the intact cardiomyocytes were visible. Compared with the sham-operation group, the apoptosis of cardiomyocytes increased in the model-B group (P<0.001); and when compared with the model-B group, the apoptosis alleviated in the EA-B2 group (P<0.001). The differentially expressed genes among the EA-B2 group, the sham-operation group and the model-B group were closely related to cell autophagy and mitochondrial autophagy. Compared with the sham-operation group, MMP of cardiomyocytes was reduced (P<0.001), the protein expression of Pink1, Parkin, and p62 of the left ventricle and the levels of serum CK-MB and cTn-I were elevated in the model B group (P<0.001). In comparison with model-A group, the MMP of cardiomyocytes and the levels of serum CK-MB and cTn-I were reduced (P<0.001, P<0.05), and the protein expression of Pink1 in the left ventricle rose in the EA-A1 group (P<0.01). Compared with the model-B group, MMP of cardiomyocytes increased (P<0.001), the protein expression of Pink1, Parkin, and p62 of the left ventricle, and the levels of serum CK-MB and cTn-I decreased (P<0.001) in the EA-B1 group and the EA-B2 group. When compared with the EA-A1 group, MMP of cardiomyocytes increased (P<0.001), and the protein expression of Pink1, Parkin, and p62 of the left ventricle, and the levels of serum CK-MB and cTn-I decreased in the EA-B1 group (P<0.01). CONCLUSION EA at "Neiguan" (PC6) can ameliorate MIRI in rats, which may be achieved through the Pink1/Parkin-mediated mitochondrial autophagy pathway. EA can alleviate myocardial injury by enhancing mitochondrial autophagy at the ischemia phase, and it can reduce reperfusion injury by weakening mitochondrial autophagy at the reperfusion phase.
Animals ; Electroacupuncture ; Male ; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury/metabolism* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Rats ; Acupuncture Points ; Autophagy ; Humans ; Mitochondria/genetics*

Objective The aim of this study is to discuss the causal relationship between periodontal disease(PD)and prostate cancer(PCa).Methods A two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization(MR)analysis based on publicly statistical data from genome-wide association studies(GWAS)was conducted.MR Egger,weighted medium,simple mode and weighted mode were supplemented,while inverse variance weighted analysis(IVW)was the main method of analysis.Heterogeneity testing,pleiotropy testing and leave-one-out testing were used to assess the sensitivity and stabili-ty.Results The results of MR analysis showed that PD had no significant impact on the occurrence of PCa:East Asian(IVW,PD:OR=1.07,P=0.48);European(IVW,PD:OR=1.00,P=0.37,periodontitis:OR=1.03,P=0.14,chronic gingivitis:OR=0.99,P=0.37,chronic periodontitis:OR=1.03,P=0.22).The reverse MR analysis also did not show a causal relationship between PCa and PD:East Asian(IVW,PD:OR=0.97,P=0.22);European(IVW,PD:OR=0.84,P=0.44,periodontitis:OR=1.01,P=0.75,chronic gingivitis:OR=0.93,P=0.23,chronic periodontitis:OR=0.99,P=0.80).The results of other analysis were consistent with those of IVW analysis.Conclusions The results of our two-sample bidirectional MR analysis do not support a causal relationship between PD and PCa.

The emergence of teeth is a complex physiological process characterized by the formation of the tooth crown, its movement towards the occlusal plane, and subsequent penetration through the alveolar bone and oral mucosa to achieve functional positioning for contact with opposing teeth. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) and parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP) are critical regulators of calcium and phosphorus metabolism in the body, playing significant roles in tooth emergence. Their regulatory functions exhibit intricate temporal and spatial dynamics, with underlying mechanisms that remain incompletely understood. In recent years, an increasing number of researchers both domestically and internationally have investigated the role and mechanisms of PTH/PTHrP in tooth emergence, primarily focusing on aspects such as dental sac formation, basal alveolar bone development, coronal alveolar bone resorption, root formation, and periodontal ligament development. Literature reviews indicate that PTH and PTHrP regulate bone metabolism, coordinate various signaling pathways including OPG/RANK/RANKL, cAMP/PKA, and Wnt/β-catenin, and are allosterically modulated by Ca2+ and ATP. These processes contribute to the development of dental sacs, which transmit signals to recruit osteoclasts and promote the resorption of crown alveolar bone, thereby forming an eruption pathway. Additionally, PTH/PTHrP plays a role in the formation of basal alveolar bone, root development, and the periodontal ligament, generating the force necessary for tooth eruption. Through precise spatiotemporal regulation and coordinated efforts, alveolar bone remodeling is achieved, facilitating the intricate process of tooth eruption. Through stringent temporal regulation and multi-faceted cooperation, remodeling of the alveolar bone occurs to complete this intricate developmental process of tooth emergence. Future research should further elucidate the mechanisms underlying PTH/PTHrP actions while also considering optimal dosage regimens regarding timing and frequency for therapeutic applications.

Objective To study the effect and possible mechanism of angiotensin Ⅱ receptor blocker(ARB)on energy metabolism in mice.Methods ① Male 6-week-old C57BL/6N mice were fed with normal diet(ND)and high-fat diet(HFD)for 6 weeks,then detect their body weight and fasting blood glucose.② The diabetic mice induced by high-fat diet were randomly divided into control group(Con)and drug treatment group(ARB).They were administered with saline and valsartan at a dose of 3 mg/kg per day via gastric lavage for 6 weeks.After that,the body weight,body temperature,intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test,respiratory metabolism rate,hematoxylin-eosin staining of adipose tissue,and the expression of thermogenesis-related genes in brown adipose tissue were examined.③By using male 6-week-old db/db mice as the experimental subjects,they were also administered with saline and valsartan at a dose of 3 mg/kg per day via gastric lavage for 5 weeks.After that,the body weight,fasting blood glucose,and body temperature were measured.Results High-fat diet successfully induced the diabetic mouse model.Valsartan treatment significantly reduced the weight gain rate of HFD mice and the body weight of db/db mice,increased the body temperature of HFD mice in a 4℃cold environment,and improved the energy expenditure of HFD mice,but had no significant improvement on glucose metabolism in HFD mice.Compared with the control group,the fasting blood glucose level of db/db mice was significantly reduced after valsartan treatment,and the body temperature showed an upward trend after 2 h and 3 h of cold treatment at 4 ℃,but the difference was not statistically significant.In addition,for HFD mice,valsartan treatment significantly reduced the cell volume of brown adipocyte,subcutaneous adipocyte,and epididymal adipocyte.At the mRNA level,valsartan promoted the expression of UCP1 in brown adipose tissue,while the expression of Prdm16,PGC1α and AP2 expression did not change significantly.Conclusions Valsartan can improve energy metabolism in obese mice,and its mechanism may be related to the positive effects of ARB on the thermogenesis of brown adipose tissue.

Objective To compare the detection rate and safety of transrectal cognitive fusion prostate biopsy and trans-perineal multiparametric MRI-transrectal ultrasound(mpMRI-TRUS)fusion-guided prostate biopsy.Methods The clinical data of 462 patients who underwent mpMRI at the Eastern Theater Command General Hospital from June 2021 to May 2025 were analyzed retrospectively.All patients had at least one suspicious lesion with a PI-RADS score ≥3 and subsequently underwent targeted prostate biopsy.The results of targeted biopsy combined with systematic biopsy were defined as the combined biopsy re-sults.The PCa detection rate,clinically significant PCa(csPCa)detection rate and incidence of complications were compared be-tween the two groups.Diagnostic performances of systematic,targeted and combined biopsies were also compared between the two approaches.Results In targeted biopsy,the transperineal group had significantly higher PCa and csPCa detection rates than those of the transrectal group(48.11％vs 38.19％,and 39.31％vs 29.17％,P＜0.05).There was no significant difference between the two groups in PCa and csPCa detection rates for systematic or combined biopsy(P＞0.05).The inci-dence rate of postoperative complications in the transperineal group was significantly lower than that of the transrectal group(14.78％vs 23.61％,P＜0.05).The detection rate of combined approach was significantly higher than that in either systemat-ic or targeted biopsy alone(P＜0.05).Conclusion Compared to the transrectal approach,transperineal mpMRI-TRUS image fusion-guided prostate biopsy demonstrates greater safety and higher accuracy in targeted biopsy.The combined biopsy strategy can effectively reduce the risk of missed diagnoses in patients with PCa.

Organ transplantation is the most effective treatment for all categories of end-stage organ diseases. To resolve the shortage of donors in organ transplantation, widespread attention has been diverted to xenotransplantation. At present, clinicians mainly highlight the problems related to xenotransplantation rejection and viral infection. The physiology of xenotransplantation has been rarely studied. Kidney performs endocrine function by producing erythropoietin (EPO), renin and activating vitamin D. Although these pathways are usually well preserved in allogeneic transplantation, species-specific differences, especially those between pigs and non-human primates, may still affect the physiological function of transplant organs. In this article, the changes of EPO, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) and active vitamin D₃ of pig and human after xenotransplantation were illustrated, aiming to provide reference for subclinical research of xenotransplantation.