Objective: To explore the interaction between school bullying and insomnia in relation to depression-anxiety-stress emotions among primary and secondary school students,so as to provide a basis for preventing negative emotional states in adolescents. Methods: In October 2024, a stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 3 058 students in grade 5-6 of primary, junior and senior high school in Sheyang County of Jiangsu Province. The Delaware Bullying Victimization Scale, Insomnia Severity Index, Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scale-21, and Study Condition Questionnaire were employed to investigate school bullying, insomnia, depression-anxiety-stress emotions, and academic performance. The χ 2 test and Logistic regression were used to analyze the association between school bullying and insomnia interactions and depression-anxiety-stress emotions among primary and secondary school students, multiplicative interaction analysis was conducted, and additive interaction analysis was performed using R software. Results: The detection rates of depression-anxiety-stress emotions among primary and secondary school students were 21.6%, 28.4% and 10.8%, respectively. The detection rates of physical bullying, relationship bullying, verbal bullying and cyberbullying in school bullying were 10.6%, 14.0%, 22.3%, and 6.2%, respectively. The detection rate for insomnia was 23.1%. Results from Logistic regression analysis showed that, after adjusting for relevant factors, physical, relational, verbal, and cyberbullying and insomnia were positively correlated with the detection rates of depression ( OR = 5.72- 10.93), anxiety ( OR =6.35-12.17), and stress emotions ( OR =5.97-14.52) among primary and secondary school students (all P <0.01). The multiplicative interaction between physical, relational, verbal, and cyberbullying and insomnia was positively correlated with the detection rates of depression ( OR =8.00-18.01), anxiety ( OR =11.35-17.76), and stress emotions ( OR =7.64-9.12) in primary and secondary school students (all P <0.01). Additive interactions were observed between physical, relational, verbal, and cyberbullying and insomnia in relation to the detection rates of depression, anxiety, and stress emotions among primary and secondary school students (both RERI and AP >0 and the credible interval excluded 0, SI >1 and the credible interval excluded 1). Conclusion School bullying and insomnia are associated with depression, anxiety, and stress emotions among primary and secondary school students, and they exhibit both multiplicative and additive interactions.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of Tougu Xiaotong capsules （TGXTC） on the regulation of chondrocyte PANoptosis， delay of chondrocyte degeneration， and improvement of the symptoms in knee osteoarthritis （KOA）. MethodsIn vivo experiments： 50 male C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned into five groups （n=10 per group）： sham operation group， model group， low-dose TGXTC group （7.2 g·kg^-1）， high-dose TGXTC group （14.4 g·kg^-1）， and diclofenac sodium group （0.05 g·kg^-1）. Except for the sham group， KOA models were established in all other groups using the modified Hulth method. Following successful model induction， the TGXTC groups received daily oral gavage of 7.2 or 14.4 g·kg^-1 for 6 weeks， while the diclofenac sodium group received 0.05 g·kg^-1 solution daily over the same duration. Model evaluation was performed using Lequesne MG score； micro-computed tomography （micro-CT） was used to scan the knee， hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining and safranin O-fast green staining were used to observe the morphology of cartilage， transmission electron microscopy （TEM） was used to determine ultrastructural changes of PANoptosis. Multiple immunofluorescence （IF） co-localization assays was performed to detect the co-localization of cleaved Caspase-3， receptor-interacting protein 3 （RlPK3）， and the N-terminal domain of gasdermin D （GSDMD-N） in cartilage tissue， while western blot was employed to detect the expression levels of cleaved Caspase-3， RIPK3， and GSDMD-N. In vitro experiments： The knee cartilages of 4-week-old SD rats were isolated， and a chondrocyte in vitro culture system was established through mechanical digestion with 0.2% type Ⅱ collagenase. Second-generation chondrocytes were divided into three groups： the control group， the model group （pretreated with 10 mg·L^-1 lipopolysaccharide （LPS） for 24 h followed by treatment with 1 μmol·L^-1 nigericin for 4 h）， and the TGXTC treatment group （pretreated with 10 mg·L^-1 LPS for 24 h， followed by exposure to 1 μmol·L^-1 nigericin for 4 h and subsequently treated with 100 mg·L^-1 TGXTC for an additional 24 h）. The levels of reactive oxygen species （ROS）， apoptosis， necroptosis， and pyroptosis of chondrocytes were evaluated via fluorescence microscopy following staining with ROS detection， AO/EB and YO-PRO-1/PI staining kits. Transmission electron microscopy was utilized to investigate the ultrastructural changes associated with PANoptosis in cartilage tissue of KOA mice. Inflammatory cytokine levels （IL-1β and IL-18） were measured using ELISA. Western blot was conducted to assess protein expressions related to PANoptosis， including cleaved Caspase-3， cleaved Caspase-8， RIPK3， ZBP1， GSDMD-N， and NLRP3. ResultsCompared with the sham group， the Lequesne MG scores were significantly up-regulated（P<0.01） in the model group， and the pathological changes of cartilage were significantly， with joint spaces narrower， osteophyte formation increased， secere abrasion of cartilage surface. Ultrastructural analysis revealed pronounced chondrocyte apoptosis， necroptosis， and pyroptosis， along with markedly elevated expression of cleaved Caspase-3， RlPK3， and GSDMD-N in cartilage tissue （P<0.01）. In addition， The mean fluorescence intensities of ROS， orange-red fluorescence in AO/EB staining， green fluorescence and red fluorescence in YO-PRO-1/PI staining were increased of chondrocyte in the model group （P<0.01） . The levels of inflammatory factors IL-1β and IL-18 in the supernatant were increased （P<0.01）. The expression of PANoptosis related proteins （cleaved Caspase-3， cleaved Caspase-8， RIPK3， ZBP1， GSDMD-N， and NLRP3） were also significantly upregulated（P<0.05）. Compared to the model group， the TGXTC group demonstrated a significant improvement in various parameters of mice. These included a reduction in the Lequesne MG score， an increase in joint space， a decrease in osteophyte formation， diminished cartilage damage， reduced release of ROS， and alleviation of apoptotic， necroptotic， and pyroptotic processes in chondrocytes. Additionally， mitochondrial swelling and endoplasmic reticulum dilation were also mitigated. The levels of ROS as well as IL-1β and IL-18 were significantly decreased （P<0.05）. Furthermore， the expression levels of proteins associated with PANoptosis in cartilage tissue showed marked reductions （P<0.05）. Similar results were observed in chondrocytes： cleaved Caspase-3， cleaved Caspase-8， RIPK3， ZBP1， GSDMD-N， and NLRP3 exhibited significant decreases as well （P<0.05）. ConclusionTGXTC may mitigate chondrocytes degeneration and alleviate KOA symptoms by reducing oxidative stress and suppressing the activation of PANoptosis pathways.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of Tougu Xiaotong capsules （TGXTC） on the regulation of chondrocyte PANoptosis， delay of chondrocyte degeneration， and improvement of the symptoms in knee osteoarthritis （KOA）. MethodsIn vivo experiments： 50 male C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned into five groups （n=10 per group）： sham operation group， model group， low-dose TGXTC group （7.2 g·kg^-1）， high-dose TGXTC group （14.4 g·kg^-1）， and diclofenac sodium group （0.05 g·kg^-1）. Except for the sham group， KOA models were established in all other groups using the modified Hulth method. Following successful model induction， the TGXTC groups received daily oral gavage of 7.2 or 14.4 g·kg^-1 for 6 weeks， while the diclofenac sodium group received 0.05 g·kg^-1 solution daily over the same duration. Model evaluation was performed using Lequesne MG score； micro-computed tomography （micro-CT） was used to scan the knee， hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining and safranin O-fast green staining were used to observe the morphology of cartilage， transmission electron microscopy （TEM） was used to determine ultrastructural changes of PANoptosis. Multiple immunofluorescence （IF） co-localization assays was performed to detect the co-localization of cleaved Caspase-3， receptor-interacting protein 3 （RlPK3）， and the N-terminal domain of gasdermin D （GSDMD-N） in cartilage tissue， while western blot was employed to detect the expression levels of cleaved Caspase-3， RIPK3， and GSDMD-N. In vitro experiments： The knee cartilages of 4-week-old SD rats were isolated， and a chondrocyte in vitro culture system was established through mechanical digestion with 0.2% type Ⅱ collagenase. Second-generation chondrocytes were divided into three groups： the control group， the model group （pretreated with 10 mg·L^-1 lipopolysaccharide （LPS） for 24 h followed by treatment with 1 μmol·L^-1 nigericin for 4 h）， and the TGXTC treatment group （pretreated with 10 mg·L^-1 LPS for 24 h， followed by exposure to 1 μmol·L^-1 nigericin for 4 h and subsequently treated with 100 mg·L^-1 TGXTC for an additional 24 h）. The levels of reactive oxygen species （ROS）， apoptosis， necroptosis， and pyroptosis of chondrocytes were evaluated via fluorescence microscopy following staining with ROS detection， AO/EB and YO-PRO-1/PI staining kits. Transmission electron microscopy was utilized to investigate the ultrastructural changes associated with PANoptosis in cartilage tissue of KOA mice. Inflammatory cytokine levels （IL-1β and IL-18） were measured using ELISA. Western blot was conducted to assess protein expressions related to PANoptosis， including cleaved Caspase-3， cleaved Caspase-8， RIPK3， ZBP1， GSDMD-N， and NLRP3. ResultsCompared with the sham group， the Lequesne MG scores were significantly up-regulated（P<0.01） in the model group， and the pathological changes of cartilage were significantly， with joint spaces narrower， osteophyte formation increased， secere abrasion of cartilage surface. Ultrastructural analysis revealed pronounced chondrocyte apoptosis， necroptosis， and pyroptosis， along with markedly elevated expression of cleaved Caspase-3， RlPK3， and GSDMD-N in cartilage tissue （P<0.01）. In addition， The mean fluorescence intensities of ROS， orange-red fluorescence in AO/EB staining， green fluorescence and red fluorescence in YO-PRO-1/PI staining were increased of chondrocyte in the model group （P<0.01） . The levels of inflammatory factors IL-1β and IL-18 in the supernatant were increased （P<0.01）. The expression of PANoptosis related proteins （cleaved Caspase-3， cleaved Caspase-8， RIPK3， ZBP1， GSDMD-N， and NLRP3） were also significantly upregulated（P<0.05）. Compared to the model group， the TGXTC group demonstrated a significant improvement in various parameters of mice. These included a reduction in the Lequesne MG score， an increase in joint space， a decrease in osteophyte formation， diminished cartilage damage， reduced release of ROS， and alleviation of apoptotic， necroptotic， and pyroptotic processes in chondrocytes. Additionally， mitochondrial swelling and endoplasmic reticulum dilation were also mitigated. The levels of ROS as well as IL-1β and IL-18 were significantly decreased （P<0.05）. Furthermore， the expression levels of proteins associated with PANoptosis in cartilage tissue showed marked reductions （P<0.05）. Similar results were observed in chondrocytes： cleaved Caspase-3， cleaved Caspase-8， RIPK3， ZBP1， GSDMD-N， and NLRP3 exhibited significant decreases as well （P<0.05）. ConclusionTGXTC may mitigate chondrocytes degeneration and alleviate KOA symptoms by reducing oxidative stress and suppressing the activation of PANoptosis pathways.

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are multifunctional growth factors of the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) superfamily. They regulate steroid secretion from mammalian granulosa cells, promote granulosa cell survival and proliferation, and inhibit follicular atresia, luteinization, and granulosa cell apoptosis, thereby promoting the development and maturation of mammalian follicles. At the same time, BMPs play an important role in embryonic morphogenesis, induction of uterine receptivity, and blastocyst attachment. This paper describes the effects of BMPs on mammalian follicular and embryonic development and the roles of BMPs in female reproduction, focusing on the process in which BMPs promote follicular maturation by regulating steroid secretion from granulosa cells during mammalian oocyte maturation. This review aims to provide a reference for further research on mammalian oocyte culture and improvement of reproductive efficiency in female animals.
Animals ; Embryonic Development/drug effects* ; Female ; Bone Morphogenetic Proteins/pharmacology* ; Reproduction/physiology* ; Humans ; Granulosa Cells/cytology* ; Oocytes

Objective:To explore the characteristics of attention bias and the role of embodied emotion prim-ing in college students with different traits of anxiety.Methods:From 2 310 college students,28 from low trait anxi-ety group and 30 from high trait anxiety group were selected based on the scores of the Trait Anxiety Scale.The at-tention bias index,attention orientation index and attention detachment difficulty index were calculated by point de-tection experiment.By asking two groups of subjects to change their body posture to induce embodied emotion,and then responding to the location of the detection point,the effects of embodied emotion priming on the attention bias of college students with different traits of anxiety were investigated.Results:The point detection experiment found that the attention detachment difficulty index of negative emotional faces in the high trait anxiety group was signifi-cantly greater than 0,and the attention orientation index of positive emotional faces in the low trait anxiety group was significantly greater than 0(Ps＜0.05).The attention bias index for positive emotional faces in low trait anxie-ty group was significantly higher than that in high trait anxiety group(P＜0.05).Under embodied negative prim-ing,the attention bias index of negative emotional faces in low trait anxiety group was significantly greater than 0(P＜0.05).The attention orientation indices of negative emotional faces were significantly higher than that of posi-tive emotional faces in both groups(P＜0.05).Conclusion:College students with high trait anxiety have difficulty in escaping attention to negative faces,while those with low trait anxiety have accelerated attention orientation to positive emotional faces.Embodied negative priming may have a greater impact onattention bias of towards negative emotional faces in students with low trait anxiety.

Objective The aim of this study is to discuss the causal relationship between periodontal disease(PD)and prostate cancer(PCa).Methods A two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization(MR)analysis based on publicly statistical data from genome-wide association studies(GWAS)was conducted.MR Egger,weighted medium,simple mode and weighted mode were supplemented,while inverse variance weighted analysis(IVW)was the main method of analysis.Heterogeneity testing,pleiotropy testing and leave-one-out testing were used to assess the sensitivity and stabili-ty.Results The results of MR analysis showed that PD had no significant impact on the occurrence of PCa:East Asian(IVW,PD:OR=1.07,P=0.48);European(IVW,PD:OR=1.00,P=0.37,periodontitis:OR=1.03,P=0.14,chronic gingivitis:OR=0.99,P=0.37,chronic periodontitis:OR=1.03,P=0.22).The reverse MR analysis also did not show a causal relationship between PCa and PD:East Asian(IVW,PD:OR=0.97,P=0.22);European(IVW,PD:OR=0.84,P=0.44,periodontitis:OR=1.01,P=0.75,chronic gingivitis:OR=0.93,P=0.23,chronic periodontitis:OR=0.99,P=0.80).The results of other analysis were consistent with those of IVW analysis.Conclusions The results of our two-sample bidirectional MR analysis do not support a causal relationship between PD and PCa.

BACKGROUND:Our previous research found that Tougu Xiaotong Capsules can be used not only for the treatment of osteoarthritis,but also for rheumatoid arthritis and gouty arthritis.However,the specific mechanism of action of"Same Treatment for Different Diseases"is still unclear.OBJECTIVE:To identify the main effects and mechanisms of Tougu Xiaotong Capsules in the treatment of osteoarthritis,rheumatoid arthritis and gouty arthritis with the treating principle of"Same Treatment for Different Diseases"by the methodologies of integrated pharmacology,molecular docking techniques and molecular dynamics simulation.METHODS:The active chemical components of Tougu Xiaotong Capsules and their corresponding targets were retrieved from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform(TCMSP)and the Swiss Target Prediction database.The disease genes for osteoarthritis,rheumatoid arthritis and gouty arthritis were obtained from the GeneCards and OMIM databases.Cytoscape 3.7.2 software was used to construct a drug-component-disease-target network diagram and a protein-protein interaction network.Gene ontology analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis were conducted using the Daivd database.Molecular docking simulations were performed on the CB-DOCK2 website,and molecular dynamics simulations were carried out using the GROMACS 2020.6 software.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)A total of 50 active components of Tougu Xiaotong Capsules were screened,with 184 potential targets and 29 intersection targets across the three types of arthritis.(2)The gene ontology enrichment analysis of the intersection targets indicated that the key gene functions of Tougu Xiaotong Capsules in treating the three types of arthritis were found to be cellular response to lipopolysaccharide,inflammatory response,extracellular matrix,protein binding,and zinc ion binding.(3)Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis identified key pathways as interleukin-17 signaling pathway,tumor necrosis factor signaling pathway,NOD-like receptor and Toll-like receptor signaling pathways.(4)Six core targets[interleukin-6,interleukin-1β,prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase 1,prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase 2,cytochrome P450 1A2(CYP1A2)and C-X-C chemokine ligand 8]were determined based on the protein-protein interaction network.(5)Molecular docking results confirmed that(+)-catechin,β-sitosterol,kaempferol,myricetin,and wallichilide had good structure-activity relationships.Molecular dynamics simulations further confirmed the stable binding of CYP1A2 with wallichilide,corroborating the network pharmacology and molecular docking results.Therefore,Tougu Xiaotong Capsules may regulate the interleukin-17 signaling pathway,tumor necrosis factor signaling pathway,and other signaling pathways by targeting interleukin-1β,prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase 1,prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase 2 and CYP1A2,exert an effect of"Same Treatment for Different Diseases"on osteoarthritis,rheumatoid arthritis and gouty arthritis.

Objective:To explore the characteristics of attention bias and the role of embodied emotion prim-ing in college students with different traits of anxiety.Methods:From 2 310 college students,28 from low trait anxi-ety group and 30 from high trait anxiety group were selected based on the scores of the Trait Anxiety Scale.The at-tention bias index,attention orientation index and attention detachment difficulty index were calculated by point de-tection experiment.By asking two groups of subjects to change their body posture to induce embodied emotion,and then responding to the location of the detection point,the effects of embodied emotion priming on the attention bias of college students with different traits of anxiety were investigated.Results:The point detection experiment found that the attention detachment difficulty index of negative emotional faces in the high trait anxiety group was signifi-cantly greater than 0,and the attention orientation index of positive emotional faces in the low trait anxiety group was significantly greater than 0(Ps＜0.05).The attention bias index for positive emotional faces in low trait anxie-ty group was significantly higher than that in high trait anxiety group(P＜0.05).Under embodied negative prim-ing,the attention bias index of negative emotional faces in low trait anxiety group was significantly greater than 0(P＜0.05).The attention orientation indices of negative emotional faces were significantly higher than that of posi-tive emotional faces in both groups(P＜0.05).Conclusion:College students with high trait anxiety have difficulty in escaping attention to negative faces,while those with low trait anxiety have accelerated attention orientation to positive emotional faces.Embodied negative priming may have a greater impact onattention bias of towards negative emotional faces in students with low trait anxiety.

Objective To analyze the current status and hotspots of domestic research on traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)in treating chronic refractory wounds(CRW)over the past 10 years using bibliometric and visualized analysis methods.Methods Articles about TCM therapy for CRW issued by the core periodicals in recent 10 years were retrieved from CNKI,Wanfang and VIP databases.The parameters of annual issued papers,authors,institutions and keywords of the articles were counted with the bibliometric methods.And then the statistical results were presented as visualized graphs by using VOSviewer and CiteSpace software.Results A total of 404 articles were included in the study,and 313 institutions and 1 340 scholars participated in the research on the treatment of CRW with TCM.However,there was limited collaboration between the authors and institutions.Research hotspots mainly focused on the efficacy of TCM external therapies for diabetic foot and pressure ulcers,and discussions on syndrome differentiation,treatment principles and methods about internal treatment by various medical experts.The development and application of Chinese patent medicines,exploration of TCM medication patterns,and the evidence-based medical research on TCM are future research trends in the treatment of CRW with TCM.Conclusion Research on TCM treatment of CRW has attracted significant attention in recent years,but academic barriers exist between the authors and institutions.In the future,it is necessary to promote multicenter research collaboration,strengthen the exploration of experiences in acupoint selection,and conduct higher-level research,thus to provide more compelling evidence and enhance the efficacy of TCM in treating CRW.

Objective To compare the detection rate and safety of transrectal cognitive fusion prostate biopsy and trans-perineal multiparametric MRI-transrectal ultrasound(mpMRI-TRUS)fusion-guided prostate biopsy.Methods The clinical data of 462 patients who underwent mpMRI at the Eastern Theater Command General Hospital from June 2021 to May 2025 were analyzed retrospectively.All patients had at least one suspicious lesion with a PI-RADS score ≥3 and subsequently underwent targeted prostate biopsy.The results of targeted biopsy combined with systematic biopsy were defined as the combined biopsy re-sults.The PCa detection rate,clinically significant PCa(csPCa)detection rate and incidence of complications were compared be-tween the two groups.Diagnostic performances of systematic,targeted and combined biopsies were also compared between the two approaches.Results In targeted biopsy,the transperineal group had significantly higher PCa and csPCa detection rates than those of the transrectal group(48.11％vs 38.19％,and 39.31％vs 29.17％,P＜0.05).There was no significant difference between the two groups in PCa and csPCa detection rates for systematic or combined biopsy(P＞0.05).The inci-dence rate of postoperative complications in the transperineal group was significantly lower than that of the transrectal group(14.78％vs 23.61％,P＜0.05).The detection rate of combined approach was significantly higher than that in either systemat-ic or targeted biopsy alone(P＜0.05).Conclusion Compared to the transrectal approach,transperineal mpMRI-TRUS image fusion-guided prostate biopsy demonstrates greater safety and higher accuracy in targeted biopsy.The combined biopsy strategy can effectively reduce the risk of missed diagnoses in patients with PCa.