Objective To investigate the effects and mechanisms of silica dust on the apoptosis of alveolar epithelial cell (AEC) through in vitro and animal experiments. Methods i) In vitro experiment. A549 cells were stimulated with 100 mg/L silica suspension for 0, 12, 24 and 48 hours. The cell apoptosis rate was detected by flow cytometry. ii) Animal experiment. Specific pathogen-free male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into control, 14-day, 28-day, and 56-day groups, with five mice in each group. The mice in the control group were sacrificed at 56 days after being treated with 40.0 μL 0.9% sodium chloride solution, and the mice in the last three groups were sacrificed at 14, 28 and 56 days after being treated with 40.0 μL silica suspension with a mass concentration of 125 g/L via tracheal exposure method. The lung tissues of mice were collected to measure lung organ coefficients. Masson staining was used to detect the degree of pulmonary fibrosis, and Ashcroft scores were evaluated. The apoptosis of AEC in mice was observed by TUNEL immunofluorescence assay. iii) The mRNA relative expression of apoptosis-related genes in A549 cells and mouse lung tissue was detected using reverse transcription and real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results i) In vitro experiment. The apoptosis rate of A549 cells increased with longer silica exposure (all P<0.05). The relative expression of B cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2) mRNA in A549 cells in 24 h group and 48 h group decreased (both P<0.05), and the relative expression of BCL-2 associated X protein (BAX) mRNA increased (both P<0.05), compared with 0 h group. The mRNA relative expression of caspase (CASP) -3 and CASP-9 in A549 cells increased with longer silica exposure (all P<0.05). ii) Animal experiment. The lung organ coefficients and Ashcroft score in mice progressively increased (all P<0.05), the degree of pulmonary fibrosis was gradually aggravated, and TUNEL positive cells in lung tissue were gradually increased, while Bax, Casp-3 and Casp-9 mRNA relative expression increased with longer silica exposure (all P<0.05). Conclusion Silica dust may cause pulmonary fibrosis by inducing apoptosis of AEC, with a time-dependent effect. The mechanism may be related to the effect of silica dust on mitochondrial apoptosis through Bcl-2/Bax/Caspase-3 signaling pathway.

Objectives:To evaluate the impact of hemoglobin concentration on 5-year cardiovascular mortality in patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy(HOCM).Methods:This study retrospectively analyzed 325 non-surgically treated HOCM patients hospitalized at Fuwai Hospital from October 2009 to December 2014.Baseline information was compared between patients with or without cardiac death.The impact of hemoglobin concentration on 5-year cardiovascular mortality in HOCM patients was analyzed.Results:The median follow-up time was(43.55±19.70)months.During the follow-up period,a total of 29 patients(8.9%)experienced cardiac death.Univariate Cox regression analysis demonstrated that hemoglobin concentration was significantly associated with 5-year cardiac mortality in HOCM patients(P<0.001).After adjusting for potential cardiovascular risk factors in multivariate Cox regression analysis,hemoglobin concentration(P=0.011)remained negatively associated with 5-year cardiac mortality in HOCM patient.HOCM patients with decreased hemoglobin level faced a 3.118-fold increase in 5-year cardiac mortality(HR=4.118,95%CI:1.114-14.822,P=0.030).Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that HOCM patients with decreased hemoglobin levels had a significantly higher risk of 5-year cardiac mortality(log-rank test,χ2=24.38,P<0.001).Conclusions:Lower hemoglobin concentration is an independent risk factor for 5-year cardiac mortality in patients with HOCM.Compared to patients with normal hemoglobin levels,HOCM patients with decreased hemoglobin level face a 3-fold increase in 5-year cardiac mortality.

Objective To investigate the effects of dienogest on pain relief and inflammation in endometriosis(EMs),as well as its impact on the brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)/tropo-myosin receptor kinase B(TrkB)and nuclear factor kappa-B(NF-κB)/NOD-like receptor protein 3(NLRP3)inflammatory pathways.Methods An allograft method was used to establish an EMs rat model.The rats were randomly divided into sham-operated group(n=16),model group(n=16),low-dose dienogest group(n=16),medium-dose dienogest group(n=16)and high-dose dienogest group(n=16).After 7 days of treatment,the implantation volume and writhing response frequency were recorded.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting were employed to measure the expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS),interleukin(IL)-6,IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α in the EMs rat models.Serum levels of BDNF,TrkB,NF-κB and NLRP3 were detected.Results Compared with model group,dinorgestrel significantly reduced ectopic endo-metrial volume and torsion response of EMs(P＜0.05).Compared with model group,dinorgestrel significantly decreased the expression of VEGF,iNOS,IL6,IL-1 β and TNF-α in EMs model(P＜0.05).In addition,compared with model group,dienogest significantly decreased the expressions of BDNF,TrkB,NF-κB and NLRP3 in ectopic endometrium(P＜0.05).Conclusion Dinorgestrel can relieve EMS-related dysmenorrhea and inflammation,and its mechanism of action may be partly mediated by BDNF/TrkB pathway and NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway.

Objective To address the issue of motion misclassification caused by individual gait differences and fixed time window data extraction in motion intention recognition for intelligent lower limb prostheses,this study proposes a motion intention recognition method based on adaptive temporal alignment.Methods In lower limb motion analysis,for continuous gait cycle data,inter-class variability across different steady-state modes was utilized to detect gait pattern consistency through inter-cycle frame differencing.For samples identified as single steady-state modes,the dynamic time warping algorithm was introduced to align adjacent mo-tion sequences,thereby reducing individual variability.Haar wavelet 4-level decomposition was applied to ex-tract low-frequency coefficients for feature vector construction,and classification was performed using a support vector machine.The experimental protocol was designed as follows:three inertial measurement units were used to collect lower limb acceleration and angular velocity data from subjects performing thirteen locomotion modes.The test subjects included ten healthy participants and one transtibial amputee.The locomotion modes consisted of five steady-state modes(level walking,stair ascent,stair descent,ramp ascent,and ramp descent)and eight transition modes(mutual transitions between level walking and stair ascent/descent,as well as ramp ascent/de-scent).Results Simulation tests on ten healthy individuals and one amputee showed recognition accuracies of 99.24%and 100%for five steady-state modes,and 98.51%and 89.11%for all thirteen motion modes,respectively.Conclusion This study proposes an adaptive temporal alignment-based motion intention recognition method.The pro-posed approach effectively reduces the interference of individual gait variability on feature representation,en-hances the consistency and discriminability of gait features,and ultimately improves recognition performance.

Objectives:To evaluate the impact of hemoglobin concentration on 5-year cardiovascular mortality in patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy(HOCM).Methods:This study retrospectively analyzed 325 non-surgically treated HOCM patients hospitalized at Fuwai Hospital from October 2009 to December 2014.Baseline information was compared between patients with or without cardiac death.The impact of hemoglobin concentration on 5-year cardiovascular mortality in HOCM patients was analyzed.Results:The median follow-up time was(43.55±19.70)months.During the follow-up period,a total of 29 patients(8.9%)experienced cardiac death.Univariate Cox regression analysis demonstrated that hemoglobin concentration was significantly associated with 5-year cardiac mortality in HOCM patients(P<0.001).After adjusting for potential cardiovascular risk factors in multivariate Cox regression analysis,hemoglobin concentration(P=0.011)remained negatively associated with 5-year cardiac mortality in HOCM patient.HOCM patients with decreased hemoglobin level faced a 3.118-fold increase in 5-year cardiac mortality(HR=4.118,95%CI:1.114-14.822,P=0.030).Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that HOCM patients with decreased hemoglobin levels had a significantly higher risk of 5-year cardiac mortality(log-rank test,χ2=24.38,P<0.001).Conclusions:Lower hemoglobin concentration is an independent risk factor for 5-year cardiac mortality in patients with HOCM.Compared to patients with normal hemoglobin levels,HOCM patients with decreased hemoglobin level face a 3-fold increase in 5-year cardiac mortality.

Objective To address the issue of motion misclassification caused by individual gait differences and fixed time window data extraction in motion intention recognition for intelligent lower limb prostheses,this study proposes a motion intention recognition method based on adaptive temporal alignment.Methods In lower limb motion analysis,for continuous gait cycle data,inter-class variability across different steady-state modes was utilized to detect gait pattern consistency through inter-cycle frame differencing.For samples identified as single steady-state modes,the dynamic time warping algorithm was introduced to align adjacent mo-tion sequences,thereby reducing individual variability.Haar wavelet 4-level decomposition was applied to ex-tract low-frequency coefficients for feature vector construction,and classification was performed using a support vector machine.The experimental protocol was designed as follows:three inertial measurement units were used to collect lower limb acceleration and angular velocity data from subjects performing thirteen locomotion modes.The test subjects included ten healthy participants and one transtibial amputee.The locomotion modes consisted of five steady-state modes(level walking,stair ascent,stair descent,ramp ascent,and ramp descent)and eight transition modes(mutual transitions between level walking and stair ascent/descent,as well as ramp ascent/de-scent).Results Simulation tests on ten healthy individuals and one amputee showed recognition accuracies of 99.24%and 100%for five steady-state modes,and 98.51%and 89.11%for all thirteen motion modes,respectively.Conclusion This study proposes an adaptive temporal alignment-based motion intention recognition method.The pro-posed approach effectively reduces the interference of individual gait variability on feature representation,en-hances the consistency and discriminability of gait features,and ultimately improves recognition performance.

Objective Intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH),the second most common type of stroke,can cause long-lasting disability in the afflicted patients.The study was conducted to examine the patterns of change in endogenous neural stem cells(eNSCs)and in the regenerative microenvironment after ICH,to observe the relationship between the migration of eNSCs and the pattern of change in the polarization state of immune cells in the microenvironment,and provide a research basis for research on clinical nerve repair.Methods The collagenase injection method was used for modeling.The ICH model was induced in adult female Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats by injecting type Ⅶ collagenase(2 U)into the brain tissue of rats.All the experimental rats weighed 280-300 g.In order to simulate the ICU at different time points,including the acute phase(within 1 week),subacute phase(1-3 weeks),and the chronic phase(over 3 weeks),brain tissues were harvested at 3 day post injection(3 DPI),10 DPI,20 DPI,and 30 DPI to evaluate the modeling effect.Immunofluorescence staining of the brain tissue sections was performed with DCX antibody to observe the pattern of change in the migration of eNSCs in the brain tissue at different time points.Immunofluorescence staining of brain tissue sections was performed with CD206 antibody and CD86 antibody for respective observation of the pattern of change in pro-inflammatory(M1-type)and anti-inflammatory(M2-type)immune cells in the regenerative microenvironment of the brain tissue after ICM.Results Spontaneous ICH was successfully induced by injecting type Ⅶ collagenase into the brain tissue of SD rats.The volume of the hematoma formed started to gradually increase at 3 DPI and reached its maximum at 10 DPI.After that,the hematoma was gradually absorbed and was completely absorbed by 30 DPI.Analysis of the pattern of changes in eNSCs in the brain tissue showed that a small number of eNSCs were activated at 3 DPI,but very soon their number started to decrease.By 10 DPI,eNSCs gradually began to increase.A large number of eNSCs migrated to the hemorrhage site at 20 DPI.Then the number of eNSCs decreased significantly at 30 DPI(P<0.01).Analysis of the immune microenvironment of the brain tissue showed that pro-inflammatory(M1 type)immune cells increased significantly at 10 and 20 DPI(P<0.01)and decreased at 30 DPI.Anti-inflammatory(M2 type)immune cells began to increase gradually at 3 DPI,decreased significantly at 20 DPI(P<0.05),and then showed an increase at 30 DPI.Conclusion After ICH in rats,eNSCs migrating toward the site of ICH first increase and then decrease.The immune microenvironment demonstrates a pattern of change in which inflammation is suppressed at first,then promoted,and finally suppressed again.Inflammation may have a stimulatory effect on the migration of eNSCs,but excessive inflammatory activation has an inhibitory effect on the differentiation and further activation of eNSCs.After ICH,the early stage of repair and protection(10 d)and the subacute phase(20 d)may provide the best opportunities for intervention.

Objective To investigate the impact of the nursing theory of Noddings care on the mental health and quality of life of children with congenital syndactyly. Methods A total of 136 children with congenital syndactyly were selected as study subjects, and were randomly divided into control group and intervention group, with 68 children in each group. The control group received routine nursing, and the intervention group received nursing theory of Noddings care. The occurrence of complications in the two groups was observed, and the quality of life [World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale (QOL-BREF) score] and mental health status [Mental Health Scale for Children (MHS-CA) score] of the two groups before and after intervention were compared. Results The incidence of complications in the intervention group was lower than that in the control group (2.94% versus 13.24%, P < 0.05). After intervention, the scores of QOL-BREF dimensions (psychological, physiological, living environment, social relations) in both groups were higher than those before intervention, and the scores in the intervention group were higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). After intervention, the scores of MHS-CA dimensions (thinking language, cognitive function, will behavior, personality characteristics, emotional experience) in both groups were higher than those before intervention, and the scores in the intervention group were higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion Noddings care theory nursing can improve the mental health status, enhance quality of life of children with congenital syndactyly, and reduce their complications.

Objective To explore the diagnosis and treatment method of peripelvic cysts.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 65 patients with peripelvic cysts admitted to the Department of Urology at Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital from January 2019 to January 2023.The diagnostic value of ultrasound,intravenous urography(IVU),and computed tomography urography(CTU)for peripelvic cysts was compared,and the efficacy of different surgical treatments for peripelvic cysts was further evaluated.Results All 65 patients underwent ultrasound examination,which indicated cystic lesions at the renal hilum.55 patients underwent IVU examination,but no cyst enhancement was found.Among them,7 patients underwent retrograde pyelography due to poor imaging of the affected renal pelvis.All 53 patients who underwent CTU examination,which clearly showed the renal pelvis and cysts.Among the 65 patients,5 did not undergo surgical treatment and were followed up,while 60 underwent surgery.Four patients were considered for radical nephrectomy due to suspected malignancy.56 cases underwent renal cysts decompression surgery,including 11 open surgeries,37 laparoscopic surgeries,and 8 Da Vinci robot-assisted laparoscopic surgeries.The operative time in the open surgery group was significantly shorter than that in the laparoscopic surgery group and robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery group.Compared with the open surgery group and laparoscopic surgery group,the robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery group had less intraoperative blood loss,lower postoperative analgesic use,shorter time to first ambulation after surgery,and shorter hospital stay.Conclusions Ultrasound,IVU,and CTU are commonly used effective diagnostic tools for peripelvic cysts.Ultrasound can be used as a routine examination,while CTU is more accurate and has a higher diagnostic accuracy than IVU for this condition.Compared with open surgery,laparoscopic and robot-assisted laparoscopic cyst decompression surgery for peripelvic cysts result in less intraoperative blood loss and faster postoperative recovery.

Background::Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) has a high mortality rate and is the most common indication for heart transplantation. Our study sought to develop a multiparametric nomogram to assess individualized all-cause mortality or heart transplantation (ACM/HTx) risk in DCM patients.Methods::The present study is a retrospective cohort study. The demographic, clinical, blood test, and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) data of DCM patients in the tertiary center (Fuwai Hospital) were collected. The primary endpoint was ACM/HTx. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression model was applied for variable selection. Multivariable Cox regression was used to develop a nomogram. The concordance index (C-index), area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), calibration curve, and decision curve analysis (DCA) were used to evaluate the performance of the nomogram.Results::A total of 218 patients were included in the present study. They were randomly divided into a training cohort and a validation cohort. The nomogram was established based on eight variables, including mid-wall late gadolinium enhancement, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, left ventricular ejection fraction, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, left ventricular end-diastolic volume index, free triiodothyronine, and N-terminal pro-B type natriuretic peptide. The AUCs regarding 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year ACM/HTx events were 0.859, 0.831, and 0.840 in the training cohort and 0.770, 0.789, and 0.819 in the validation cohort, respectively. The calibration curve and DCA showed good accuracy and clinical utility of the nomogram.Conclusions::We established and validated a circulating biomarker- and CMRI-based nomogram that could provide a personalized prediction of ACM/HTx for DCM patients, which might help risk stratification and decision-making in clinical practice.