Objective To understand the current status of radiation diagnosis and treatment resources and their use in Taiyuan City, China, and provide data support for optimizing resource allocation and standardizing diagnosis and treatment. Methods A census-based approach was implemented using a standardized questionnaire to collect basic information on radiation diagnosis and treatment institutions in Taiyuan City. The number and use frequency of radiation diagnosis and treatment resources were calculated based on the resident population of Taiyuan City at the end of 2023. Results There were a total of 562 radiation diagnosis and treatment institutions in Taiyuan City, with 3970 workers and 1354 pieces of equipment. The numbers of radiation diagnosis and treatment institutions, workers, and equipment per 1 000 000 population were 103, 728, and 248, respectively. There were significant differences in radiation diagnosis and treatment resources among different districts and counties. There were 526 (93.59%) radiation diagnosis and treatment institutions and 25 (96.15%) tertiary hospitals in the six urban districts. All institutions offering nuclear medicine diagnosis and treatment and radiotherapy were located in the urban districts. There were substantial disparities among hospitals of different levels. The average numbers of radiation workers and equipment were in the order of tertiary hospitals (99.42, 17.15) > secondary hospitals (13.31, 4.62) > primary and unrated hospitals (1.43, 1.38). The frequency of radiation diagnosis and treatment in tertiary hospitals was 112 149 per hospital, which is 5 times that of secondary hospitals and 44 times that of primary and unrated hospitals. The use frequency of radiation diagnosis and treatment was 975.79 per 1000 population. The use frequency was 941.12 per 1000 population for X-ray diagnosis, 21.68 per 1000 population for interventional radiology, 8.70 per 1000 population for nuclear medicine diagnosis, 2.33 per 1000 population for nuclear medicine treatment, and 1.95 per 1000 population for radiotherapy. Conclusion There are abundant radiation diagnosis and treatment resources in Taiyuan City. The use frequency of radiation diagnosis and treatment has reached the level of Class II medical and health care regions, and there remains considerable room for growth and improvement. At present, the distribution of radiation diagnosis and treatment resources and services is unbalanced among different districts and counties as well as among institutions of different levels, mainly concentrated in urban districts and tertiary hospitals. The health administrative department needs to make overall plans and allocate resources scientifically.

Hearing loss is the most prevalent disabling disease. Cochlear implantation（CI） serves as the primary intervention for severe to profound hearing loss. This consensus systematically explores the value of genetic diagnosis in the pre-operative assessment and efficacy prognosis for CI. Drawing upon domestic and international research and clinical experience, it proposes an evidence-based medicine three-tiered prognostic classification system（Favorable, Marginal, Poor）. The consensus focuses on common hereditary non-syndromic hearing loss（such as that caused by mutations in genes like GJB2, SLC26A4, OTOF, LOXHD1） and syndromic hereditary hearing loss（such as Jervell & Lange-Nielsen syndrome and Waardenburg syndrome）, which are closely associated with congenital hearing loss, analyzing the impact of their pathological mechanisms on CI outcomes. The consensus provides recommendations based on multiple round of expert discussion and voting. It emphasizes that genetic diagnosis can optimize patient selection, predict prognosis, guide post-operative rehabilitation, offer stratified management strategies for patients with different genotypes, and advance the application of precision medicine in the field of CI.
Humans ; Cochlear Implantation ; Prognosis ; Hearing Loss/surgery* ; Consensus ; Connexin 26 ; Mutation ; Sulfate Transporters ; Connexins/genetics*

Cemental tear is a rare and indetectable condition unless obvious clinical signs present with the involvement of surrounding periodontal and periapical tissues. Due to its clinical manifestations similar to common dental issues, such as vertical root fracture, primary endodontic diseases, and periodontal diseases, as well as the low awareness of cemental tear for clinicians, misdiagnosis often occurs. The critical principle for cemental tear treatment is to remove torn fragments, and overlooking fragments leads to futile therapy, which could deteriorate the conditions of the affected teeth. Therefore, accurate diagnosis and subsequent appropriate interventions are vital for managing cemental tear. Novel diagnostic tools, including cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), microscopes, and enamel matrix derivatives, have improved early detection and management, enhancing tooth retention. The implementation of standardized diagnostic criteria and treatment protocols, combined with improved clinical awareness among dental professionals, serves to mitigate risks of diagnostic errors and suboptimal therapeutic interventions. This expert consensus reviewed the epidemiology, pathogenesis, potential predisposing factors, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of cemental tear, aiming to provide a clinical guideline and facilitate clinicians to have a better understanding of cemental tear.
Humans ; Dental Cementum/injuries* ; Consensus ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; Tooth Fractures/therapy*

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role and mechanism of the cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate synthase/stimulator of interferon gene (cGAS/STING) pathway in oleic acid-induced acute lung injury (ALI) in mice. METHODS: Male wild-type C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into five groups (each n = 10): normal control group, ALI model group, and 5, 50, 500 μg/kg inhibitor pretreatment groups. The ALI model was established by tail vein injection of oleic acid (7 mL/kg), while the normal control group received no intervention. The inhibitor pretreatment groups were intraperitoneally injected with the corresponding doses of cGAS inhibitor RU.521 respectively 1 hour before modeling. At 24 hours post-modeling, blood was collected, and mice were sacrificed. Lung tissue pathological changes were observed under light microscopy after hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, and pathological scores were assessed. Western blotting was used to detect the protein expressions of cGAS, STING, phosphorylated TANK-binding kinase 1 (p-TBK1), phosphorylated interferon regulatory factor 3 (p-IRF3), and phosphorylated nuclear factor-κB p65 (p-NF-κB p65) in lung tissue. Immunohistochemistry was performed to observe STING and p-NF-κB positive expressions in lung tissue. Serum interferon-β (IFN-β) levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS: Compared with the normal control group, the ALI model group exhibited significant focal alveolar thickening, intra-alveolar hemorrhage, pulmonary capillary congestion, and neutrophil infiltration in the pulmonary interstitium and alveoli, along with markedly increased pathological scores (10.33±0.58 vs. 1.33±0.58, P < 0.05). Protein expressions of cGAS, STING, p-TBK1, p-IRF3, and p-NF-κB p65 in lung tissue significantly increased [cGAS protein (cGAS/β-actin): 1.24±0.02 vs. 0.56±0.02, STING protein (STING/β-actin): 1.27±0.01 vs. 0.55±0.01, p-TBK1 protin (p-TBK1/β-actin): 1.34±0.03 vs. 0.22±0.01, p-IRF3 protein (p-IRF3/β-actin): 1.23±0.02 vs. 0.36±0.01, p-NF-κB p65 protein (p-NF-κB p65/β-actin): 1.30±0.02 vs. 0.53±0.02, all P < 0.05], positive expressions of STING and p-NF-κB in lung tissue were significantly elevated [STING (A value): 0.51±0.03 vs. 0.30±0.07, p-NF-κB (A value): 0.57±0.05 vs. 0.31±0.03, both P < 0.05], and serum IFN-β levels were also significantly higher (ng/L: 256.02±3.84 vs. 64.15±1.17, P < 0.05). The cGAS inhibitor pretreatment groups showed restored alveolar structural integrity, reduced inflammatory cell infiltration, and decreased hemorrhage area, along with dose-dependent lower pathological scores as well as the protein expressions of cGAS, STING, p-TBK1, p-IRF3 and p-NF-κB p65 in lung tissue, with significant differences between the 500 μg/kg inhibitor group and ALI model group [pathological score: 2.67±0.58 vs. 10.33±0.58, cGAS protein (cGAS/β-actin): 0.56±0.03 vs. 1.24±0.02, STING protein (STING/β-actin): 0.67±0.03 vs. 1.27±0.01, p-TBK1 protein (p-TBK1/β-actin): 0.28±0.01 vs. 1.34±0.03, p-IRF3 protein (p-IRF3/β-actin): 0.32±0.01 vs. 1.23±0.02, p-NF-κB p65 protein (p-NF-κB p65/β-actin): 0.63±0.01 vs. 1.30±0.02, all P < 0.05]. Compared with the ALI model group, positive expressions of STING and p-NF-κB in lung tissue were significantly reduced in the 500 μg/kg inhibitor group [STING (A value): 0.40±0.01 vs. 0.51±0.03, p-NF-κB (A value): 0.43±0.02 vs. 0.57±0.05, both P < 0.05], and serum IFN-β levels were also markedly reduced (ng/L: 150.03±6.19 vs. 256.02±3.84, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The cGAS/STING pathway is activated in oleic acid-induced ALI, leading to exacerbated inflammatory responses and increased lung damage. RU.521 can inhibit cGAS, thereby down-regulating the expression of pathway proteins and cytokines, and providing protection to lung tissue.
Animals ; Acute Lung Injury/chemically induced* ; Male ; Nucleotidyltransferases/metabolism* ; Mice ; Signal Transduction ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Membrane Proteins/metabolism* ; Oleic Acid/adverse effects* ; Transcription Factor RelA/metabolism* ; Lung/pathology* ; Interferon Regulatory Factor-3/metabolism* ; Disease Models, Animal

The incidence of juvenile Hereditary Hemochromatosis caused by HAMP gene mutation is low, which is rarely reported in China. This patient took abnormal liver function as the first symptom, and was finally diagnosed by genetic testing and hepatic histopathology, and treated by venous bloodletting.

Objective:To discuss the effect of long non-coding RNA(lncRNA)DUXAP8 in exosomes(Exo)derived from the lung cancer A549 cells on the growth and immune escape of the lung cancer cells,and to clarify the mechanism.Methods:The human lung cancer cell line A549 was cultured,and its exosomes were extracted and identified.The A549 cells were treated with PKH67-labeled Exo to observe the uptake of Exo by A549 cells.Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR)method was used to detect the expression level of lncRNA DUXAP8 in A549 cells before and after Exo treatment.The A549 cells were divided into control group(no treatment),Exo group(A549 cells treated with Exo),Exo+sh-NC group(A549 cells treated with Exo and then transfected with sh-NC),and Exo+sh-DUXAP8 group(A549 cells treated with Exo and then transfected with sh-DUXAP8).RT-qPCR method was used to detect the expression level of lncRNA DUXAP8 in A549 cells in various groups;colony formation assay was used to detect the colony formation abilities of the A549 cells in various groups;5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine(EdU)staining method was used to detect the proliferation abilities of the A549 cells in various groups.After co-culturing A549 cells in various groups with human peripheral blood lymphocytes,flow cytometry was used to detect the percentages of activated CD8+T lymphocytes in the human peripheral blood lymphocytes in various groups;3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide(MTT)method was used to detect the killing rates of human peripheral blood lymphocytes on the A549 cells in various groups.Results:The diameter of Exo vesicles was 50-150 nm,and the exosome-specific marker proteins cluster of differentiation 63(CD63),cluster of differentiation 9(CD9),tumor susceptibility gene 101(TSG101),and heat shock protein 70(HSP70)were positively expressed,indicating successful exosome extraction.A549 cells efficiently took up PKH67-labeled Exo.The RT-PCR results showed that compared with A549 cells cultured alone,the expression level of lncRNA DUXAP8 in the A549 cells was increased after treatment with Exo derived from A549 cells(P<0.05).compared with control group,the expression level of lncRNA DUXAP8 in the A549 cells in Exo group was increased(P<0.05);compared with Exo group,the expression level of lncRNA DUXAP8 in the A549 cells in Exo+sh-DUXAP8 group was decreased(P<0.05),while there were no significant difference in the expression level of IncRNA DUXAP8 in the cells in Exo+sh-NC group(P>0.05).The colony formation assay results showed that compared with control group,the number of colony formation of the A549 cells in Exo group was increased(P<0.05);compared with Exo group,the number of colony formation of the A549 cells in Exo+sh-DUXAP8 group was decreased(P<0.05),while there was no significant difference in the number of colony formation of the A549 cells in Exo+sh-NC group(P>0.05).The EdU staining results showed that compared with control group,the EdU-positive rate of the A549 cells in Exo group was increased(P<0.05);compared with Exo group,the EdU-positive rate in A549 cells in Exo+sh-DUXAP8 group was decreased(P<0.05),while there was no significant difference in the EDU-positive rate in the cells in Exo+sh-NC group(P>0.05).The flow cytometry results showed that compared with control group,the percentage of activated CD8+T lymphocytes in the human peripheral blood lymphocytes in Exo group was decreased(P<0.05);compared with Exo group,the percentage of activated CD8+T lymphocytes in the human peripheral blood lymphocytes in Exo+sh-DUXAP8 group was increased(P<0.05),while there was no significant difference in the percentage of activated CD8+T lymphaytes in Exo+sh-NC group(P>0.05).The MTT assay results showed that compared with control group,the killing rate of human peripheral blood lymphocytes on the A549 cells in Exo group was decreased(P<0.05);compared with Exo group,the killing rate of human peripheral blood lymphocytes on A549 cells in Exo+sh-DUXAP8 group was increased(P<0.05),while no significant difference was observed in Exo+sh-NC group(P>0.05).Conclusion:The lncRNA DUXAP8 in exosomes derived from the lung cancer A549 cells promotes the proliferation of lung cancer cells and tumor immune escape.

In recent years, research on the quality and safety detection of bear bile powder has mainly involved three aspects. First, the identification of active components and substitutes. Quantitative analysis of bile acids and other components is performed using HPLC, HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry, and other techniques, combined with near-infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and polymerase chain reaction to identify adulteration. Isotope fingerprint analysis and glycosylation modification detection are used to distinguish natural products from biosynthetic substitutes, revealing significant differences in δ13C values and the proportion of specific glycosylation modifications between natural bear bile powder and synthetic products. Second, the detection of veterinary drug residues, mainly based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, which can screen over 100 types of residues, but targeted purification strategies are needed to address interference from the bile acid matrix. Thirdly, heavy metal detection, mainly using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and atomic absorption spectrometry, has revealed that contamination is associated with the breeding environment, with significant regional differences. Related detection technologies are gradually evolving from single-target analysis to multi-modal and intelligent approaches. Existing research faces issues, such as matrix effect interference, lack of international standards, and ethical controversies. It is suggested that future efforts should focus on the interdisciplinary application of detection technologies, develop rapid detection methods such as non-invasive monitoring and microfluidic chips, promote the standardization and equivalence evaluation of synthetic alternatives, and establish a full-chain quality control system integrating spatially resolved mass spectrometry imaging, artificial intelligence, and big data.

BACKGROUND:Compared with conventional repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation,Theta burst transcranial magnetic stimulation(TBS)has attracted extensive attention from scholars in various fields due to its advantages of short stimulation time,high efficiency,good safety and long-lasting effect,and the research popularity continues to rise.OBJECTIVE:Through the visual bibliometrics analysis of international TBS research in the past 20 years,to sort out the development context of TBS research,summarize the research status,reveal research hotspots and development trends,and provide reference for subsequent research.METHODS:Relevant studies on TBS from January 2005 to June 2024 were searched in the Web of Science Core Collection database.CiteSpace software was used to perform annual publication volume analysis,co-occurrence analysis of countries,institutions and authors,and co-citation analysis of references,journals and authors,keywords co-occurrence,clustering,time evolution and emergence analysis,and so on,and draw the visual knowledge map.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)After screening,a total of 1914 papers were included in the study,and the amount of TBS research has shown an overall increasing trend over the past 20 years,and it is expected to continue to be a hot topic of research in the future.(2)The top three countries in terms of number of publications are the United States,China and Italy,and the top three institutions are the University of Toronto,the University of London and Harvard Medical School.Pascual-leone Alvaro from Harvard Medical School has the most research achievements,and HUANG YZ from Chang Gung University has the most citations.NEURON is the most influential core journal.(3)Analyses of high-frequency keywords,highly cited references and clustering topics showed that the research hotspots of TBS in the past 20 years mainly focus on the mechanism of TBS on synaptic plasticity and neurophysiological activity,the effect of TBS on stimulating targets in different brain regions(including the motor cortex,dorsolateral prefrontal cortex,anterior cingulate cortex and cerebellum,etc.),and the therapeutic effect of TBS on neurological and psychiatric diseases(including depression,Parkinson's disease movement disorder,post-stroke movement disorder and cognitive impairment,and Alzheimer's disease memory disorders).(4)Keyword burst,literature emergence and keyword temporal evolution analyses showed that"major depression,application guidelines,rating scale,efficacy,disorder,refractory depression,meta-analysis,etc."are not only current research hotspots,but also future research trends.(5)In the future,TBS research should strengthen the regional cooperation of core authors and institutions,explore the clinical application in the treatment of refractory diseases,and realize the precision,personalization and optimization of TBS application by combining cutting-edge technologies and optimizing stimulus parameters,so as to solve more clinical problems.

BACKGROUND:Compared with conventional repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation,Theta burst transcranial magnetic stimulation(TBS)has attracted extensive attention from scholars in various fields due to its advantages of short stimulation time,high efficiency,good safety and long-lasting effect,and the research popularity continues to rise.OBJECTIVE:Through the visual bibliometrics analysis of international TBS research in the past 20 years,to sort out the development context of TBS research,summarize the research status,reveal research hotspots and development trends,and provide reference for subsequent research.METHODS:Relevant studies on TBS from January 2005 to June 2024 were searched in the Web of Science Core Collection database.CiteSpace software was used to perform annual publication volume analysis,co-occurrence analysis of countries,institutions and authors,and co-citation analysis of references,journals and authors,keywords co-occurrence,clustering,time evolution and emergence analysis,and so on,and draw the visual knowledge map.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)After screening,a total of 1914 papers were included in the study,and the amount of TBS research has shown an overall increasing trend over the past 20 years,and it is expected to continue to be a hot topic of research in the future.(2)The top three countries in terms of number of publications are the United States,China and Italy,and the top three institutions are the University of Toronto,the University of London and Harvard Medical School.Pascual-leone Alvaro from Harvard Medical School has the most research achievements,and HUANG YZ from Chang Gung University has the most citations.NEURON is the most influential core journal.(3)Analyses of high-frequency keywords,highly cited references and clustering topics showed that the research hotspots of TBS in the past 20 years mainly focus on the mechanism of TBS on synaptic plasticity and neurophysiological activity,the effect of TBS on stimulating targets in different brain regions(including the motor cortex,dorsolateral prefrontal cortex,anterior cingulate cortex and cerebellum,etc.),and the therapeutic effect of TBS on neurological and psychiatric diseases(including depression,Parkinson's disease movement disorder,post-stroke movement disorder and cognitive impairment,and Alzheimer's disease memory disorders).(4)Keyword burst,literature emergence and keyword temporal evolution analyses showed that"major depression,application guidelines,rating scale,efficacy,disorder,refractory depression,meta-analysis,etc."are not only current research hotspots,but also future research trends.(5)In the future,TBS research should strengthen the regional cooperation of core authors and institutions,explore the clinical application in the treatment of refractory diseases,and realize the precision,personalization and optimization of TBS application by combining cutting-edge technologies and optimizing stimulus parameters,so as to solve more clinical problems.

The incidence of juvenile Hereditary Hemochromatosis caused by HAMP gene mutation is low, which is rarely reported in China. This patient took abnormal liver function as the first symptom, and was finally diagnosed by genetic testing and hepatic histopathology, and treated by venous bloodletting.