Objective:To analyze the general chapter for lotions 0127 of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2020 Vol-ume Ⅳ,and discuss how to improve the general technical requirements of lotions 0127 in the Chinese Pharma-copoeia.Methods:By comparing the general chapter for lotions in domestic and international pharmacopoe-ias,the definition,classification,process,storage and corresponding inspection requirements were analyzed.Results and Conclusions:The general chapter for lotions 0127 of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia should be revised,including improvement of the definition,increasement of forms of preparations,and expansion of included varieties,so as to promote scientific regulation for drugs and exhibit a guiding role of the Chinese pharmacopoeia in drug control.

Objective To observe the value of dual domain(projection domain and image domain)joint learning reconstruction network(DDRNet)for reconstructing chest limited angle CT images.Methods Totally 4 300 chest enhanced CT images of 65 patients with chest tumors were retrospectively enrolled and reconstructed with DDRNet,and 3D and 2D projection information fusion were performed.The reconstruction effect of DDRNet was evaluated and compared with that of single domain reconstruction and filtered back projection(FBP),residual encoder-decoder convolutional neural network(RED-CNN),Resnet and deconvolution network(RDN),as well as of generative adversarial network(GAN).Results The peak signal to noise ratio(PSNR)of DDRNet reconstructed images tended to stabilize after approximately 60 iterations,while the projection domain and image domain learning networks tended to stabilize after approximately 90 and 80 iterations.After stable training,compared to the projection domain learning network,the fluctuation of output results of DDRNet and image domain learning networks were less.After 200 rounds of training,PSNR of DDRNet reconstructed images was significantly higher than that of projection domain and image domain learning networks.The quality of DDRNet reconstructed image was significantly better than that of FBP,RED-CNN,RDN and GAN.Conclusion DDRNet could be used to effectively reconstruct high-quality chest limited angle CT images.

Objective:The purpose of this study was to examine the clinical features and initial treatment outcomes of elderly individuals with idiopathic membranous nephropathy.Methods:This study retrospectively analyzed the clinical characteristics and therapeutic effect of hospitalized patients aged 60 years or older with renal-biopsy-proven idiopathic membranous nephropathy for at least one year.Results:This study enrolled a total of 91 elderly patients with IMN, consisting of 51 males(56.0%)and 40 females(44.0%). The median age of the patients was 67 years.The urinary protein creatinine ratio(uPCR)and urinary albumin creatinine ratio(uACR)of the patients were 4 454.3 mg/g and 2 258.5 mg/g, respectively.The median 24-hour urinary protein and urinary albumin levels were 5 098.2 mg/24 h and 2 800.6 mg/24 h, respectively.The average estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR)was(60.5±20.4)ml·min -1·1.73 m -2.Out of the total of 61 patients, 67.0% achieved remission, including complete and partial remission, within a year of renal biopsy.The levels of uPCR and uACR were significantly higher in the non-remission group compared to the remission group(5 462.5 vs.2 271.1 mg/g, P<0.001; 2 774.4 vs.1 320.0 mg/g, P=0.001). Additionally, the levels of 24h urinary protein and urinary albumin were significantly higher in the non-remission group compared to the remission group(6 526.4 vs.3 210.4 mg/g, P=0.002; 3 067.7 vs.2 102.4 mg/g, P=0.007). The remission group had a higher proportion of patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy(85.2% vs.33.3%, P<0.001). The remission rates were higher in patients treated with glucocorticoid combined with cyclophosphamide, glucocorticoid combined with calcineurin inhibitors, or glucocorticoid combined with mycophenolate mofetil compared to those receiving conservative treatment(88.2% vs.31.0%, P=0.001; 80.0% vs.31.0%, P<0.001; 100.0% vs.31.0%, P=0.007). There was no significant difference in remission rate between the three immunosuppressive therapy groups( P>0.05). However, upon further analysis, it was found that the levels of uPCR, uACR, and serum cystatin C(CysC)were higher in the immunosuppressive therapy groups compared to conservative treatment.Additionally, serum total protein and albumin were lower in the immunosuppressive therapy groups, and these differences were statistically significant( P<0.05). Conclusions:The majority of elderly patients diagnosed with IMN have multiple comorbidities.For those at high risk with elevated urinary protein levels, early initiation of immunosuppressive therapy may lead to a higher initial urinary protein remission rate.Therefore, it is advisable to develop individualized treatment plans for elderly patients with IMN based on their clinical characteristics, as well as the risks and benefits associated with immunosuppressive therapy.

Cell mechanics is essential to cell development and function,and its dynamics evolution reflects the physiological state of cells.Here,we investigate the dynamical mechanical properties of single cells under various drug conditions,and present two mathematical approaches to quantitatively character-izing the cell physiological state.It is demonstrated that the cellular mechanical properties upon the drug action increase over time and tend to saturate,and can be mathematically characterized by a linear time-invariant dynamical model.It is shown that the transition matrices of dynamical cell systems signifi-cantly improve the classification accuracies of the cells under different drug actions.Furthermore,it is revealed that there exists a positive linear correlation between the cytoskeleton density and the cellular mechanical properties,and the physiological state of a cell in terms of its cytoskeleton density can be predicted from its mechanical properties by a linear regression model.This study builds a relationship between the cellular mechanical properties and the cellular physiological state,adding information for evaluating drug efficacy.

Osgood-Schlatter disease (OSD) is a common strain disease in adolescents, which is more common in youth sports enthusiasts, athletes and soldiers. The clinical manifestations of OSD are typical, and the diagnosis can be made based on the medical history, physical examination and knee X-ray examination, but it needs to be differentiated from other diseases that may cause anterior knee pain. The risk factors of OSD development include males, 12-15 years of age in males and 8-12 years of age in females, high body mass index, skeletal-muscular anatomical variants, and large amount of exercise, etc. OSD is a self-limited disorder that gradually resolves as the skeleton maturates. Most patients do not need treatment or can also be treated with conservative methods such as exercise therapy, medications and physical therapy, but may be left with sequelae that affect motor function and quality of life. Clinical attention should be paid to it adequately. If the conservative treatment is ineffective, active operation should be performed. The principle of operation is to remove bone fragments and reconstruct tibial tuberosity. Common surgical procedures include traditional open surgery and arthroscopic surgery. Arthroscopic surgery, with its advantages of minimally invasive and rapid recovery, is currently advocated as the best surgical procedure, but the mid- and long-term efficacy is unclear.

Background Lipid metabolism in liver shows circadian-dependent profiles. The hepatotoxicity of environmental chemicals is dependent on circadian time. Objective To observe the effects of bisphenol A (BPA) exposure at different zeitgeber time (ZT) on hepatic and blood lipid metabolism and decipher the underlying mechanisms related to circadian rhythm in mice. Methods Thirty-five female C57BL/6J mice were sacrificed every 4 h in a light-dark cycle (12 h/12 h). The liver tissues were collected to describe the circadian profiles of hepatic Rev-erba, Bmal1, Clock, Srebp1c, and Chrebp mRNA expression levels within 24 h. Thirty female mice were divided into 6 groups by the timing (ZT3 represents the 3 h after light on, ZT15 represents the 3 h after light off) and dose (50 or 500 μg·kg⁻¹·d⁻¹) of BPA exposure to observe hepatotoxicity. Mice were gavaged with designed doses of BPA once per day for 4 weeks. Mice were maintained with ad libitum access to food and water and measured body weight weekly. After the experiment, mice were euthanatized and liver tissues were separated to determine the biochemical indicators of lipid metabolism and lipid metabolism- and circadian-related gene mRNA expressions. Results Hepatic Rev-erba, Bmal1, Clock, Srebp1c, and Chrebp mRNA expression levels were rhythmic during a 24 h period in mice. At ZT3 and ZT15, BPA did not alter body weight, plasma glucose, plasma total cholesterol, plasma low density lipoprotein cholesterol, and plasma triglycerides (P>0.05). The plasma high density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased in the 50 μg·kg⁻¹·d⁻¹ BPA group at ZT3 by 14.56% compared with the control group (P<0.05). The liver triglycerides increased in the 50 μg·kg⁻¹·d⁻¹ BPA group at ZT15 by 115.20% compared with the control group (P<0.05). BPA decreased Srebp1c mRNA expression level when dosing at ZT3 and increased Chrebp, Srebp1c, and Acc1 mRNA expression levels when dosing at ZT15 compared with the control group (P<0.05). BPA increased Bmal1 mRNA expression level and decreased Rev-erbα mRNA expression level at ZT3 exposure and decreased Bmal1 and increased Rev-erbα mRNA expression level at ZT15 exposure (P<0.05). Conclusion BPA exposure at light or dark period has different effects on hepatic lipid metabolism in mice. Hepatic lipid deposit appears when BPA is dosed at dark period. Rev-erbα-Bmal1 regulation circuits and the subsequent upregulation of Srebp1c and Chrebp and the target gene Acc1 may be involved.

Mixed reality technology can achieve a 3D reconstruction of the patient's imaging data and organically combine the real scene. This allows to simulate a real medical operation in clinical teaching. Combined with large data analysis, mixed reality technology allows to build situational awareness data models, thus providing data support for teaching interaction and disease simulations. In the present work, the application of mixed reality technology and situational awareness in clinical teaching of cardiac macrovascular surgery is explored innovatively. These technologies open a new avenue for teaching, solving the issue that stymies traditional teaching approaches and improving the teaching efficiency. It is thus important to explore and promote the applications of this innovative teaching methodology particularly in clinical teaching.

OBJECTIVE：To study the regulatory effects of stilbene glucosid e（TSG）on c-Jun N-terminal kinase （JNK）and protein phosphortase 2B（PP2B）in APP/PS1/Tau transgenic dementia （3×Tg-AD）mice，and to explore its potential mechanism of anti-Alzheimer’s disease （AD）. METHODS ：Totally 45 male 3×Tg-AD mice were randomly divided into model group ，positive control group （huperzine A ，0.15 mg/kg），TSG low-dose ，medium-dose and high-dose groups （0.033，0.1，0.3 g/kg），with 9 mice in each group. Another 9 normal male C 57BL/6J mice were included into normal control group. Administration groups were given relevant medicine intragastrically ，once a day ，for consecutive 60 d. Normal control group and model group were given constant volume of normal saline intragastrically. After medication ，Morris water maze experiment was used to test the spatial learning and memory ability of mice in each group ；Nissl staining was used to observe the changes of Nissl bodies in cerebral cortex and hippocampus ；mRNA and protein expressions of JNK and PP 2B were detected by qRT-PCR and Western blotting assay. RESULTS：Compared with normal control group ，the escape latency was significantly prolonged （P＜0.01），the retention time of the original platform quadrant was significantly shortened （P＜ and the times of crossing the platform was significantly reduced in model group （P＜0.01）；the number of Nissl bodies in cerebral cortex and hippocampus was significantly 729011126@qq.com reduced，the staining was slight ；the relative expressions of JNK mRNA and protein were significantly increased （P＜ 0.01），and the relative expressi ons of PP 2B mRNA and protein were significantly decreased （P＜0.01）. Compared with model group ，the escape latency was significantly shortened in positive control group and TSG groups （P＜0.01）；the retention time of the original platform quadrant was significantly prolonged （P＜0.01）；the times of crossing the platform was significantly increased （P＜0.01）；the number of Nissl bodies in cerebral cortex and hippocampus was increased significantly ，the staining was heavy ；the relative expression of JNK protein was significantly decreased（P＜0.05 or P＜0.01），the relative expressions of PP 2B mRNA and protein were significantly increased （P＜0.01）， while the relative expression of JNK mRNA was significantly decreased in TSG high-dose group （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS ：TSG can improve the learning and memory ability and neuronal damage of 3 × Tg-AD mice. The mechanism may be related to down-regulating the transcription and expression of protein kinase JNK ，up-regulating the transcription and expression of protein phosphatase PP 2B.

OBJECTIVE：To study the e ffects of stilbene glycoside c（TSG）on phosphorylation of Thr 205，Ser404 sites of Tau protein in Aizheimer ’s disease （AD）model mice ，and to investigate the potential anti-AD mechanism of TSG. METHODS ：APP/ PS1/Tau three transgenes （3×Tg-AD）mice were randomly divided into model group ，positive control group （huperzine，0.15 mg/kg），TSG low-dose ，medium-dose and high-dose groups （0.033，0.1，0.3 g/kg），with 6 mice in each group. In addition ，6 C57BL/6J mice were chosen as normal control group. Administration groups were given relevant medicine intragastrically. Model group and normal control group were given equal volume of normal saline intragastrically ，once a day ，for consecutive 60 days. After last medication ，immunofluorescence staining was used to detect Tau protein and phosphorylated Tau protein （Thr205， Ser404 sites） distribution and expression in brain tissue of mice in each group. Western blotting assay was used to detect phosphorylated Tau protein （Thr205，Ser404 sites）expression level in brain tissue of mice in each group. RESULTS ：Compared with normal control group ，the expression of Tau protein，phosphorylated Tau protein （Thr205，Ser404 sites）in 729011126@qq.com the brain tissue of mice were increased in model group ，which were easy to aggregate and distributed more widely ；theirrelative expression were increased significantly （P＜0.01）. Results of Western blotting assay showed that the expression levels of phosphorylat ed Tau protein （Thr205，Ser404 sites）were increased significantly （P＜0.01）. Compared with model group ，the expression of Tau protein ，phosphorylated Tau protein （Thr205，Ser404 sites） in the brain tissue of mice were decreased in positive control group and TSG groups ；aggregation decreased，distribution narrowed and their relative expression were decreased significantly （P＜0.01）. Results of Western blotting assay showed that the expression levels of phosphorylated Tau protein （Thr205，Ser404 sites）were decreased significantly （P＜ 0.01）. Compared with positive control group ，There was no significant difference in the distribution of Tau protein ，phosphorylated Tau protein （Thr205，Ser404 sites）in the brain tissue of mice in TSG groups ；the relative expression were not statistically significant（P＞0.05）；but Western blotting assay showed the expression levels of phosphorylated Tau protein （Thr205 site）in TSG medium-dose and high-dose groups as well as the expression levels of phosphorylated Tau protein （Ser404 site）in TSG groups were decreased significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS ：TSG can play an anti-AD effect on AD model mice by down-regulating the expression of phosphorylated Tau protein （Thr205，Ser404 sites）in brain tissue.

Objective: To explore the analgesic effect of electroacupuncture on neuropathic pain and the role of PI3K/AKT pathway in microglial activation in spinal cord. Methods: Chronic constriction injury model was established using Sprague-Dawley rats to mimic neuropathic pain. The pain intensity was then detected by paw withdrawal threshold and thermal withdrawal latency. Real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR), Western blot were used to evaluate the activation of PI3K/AKT pathway as well as microglia in L4-5 of all rats. Proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 were analyzed by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: It was demonstrated that chronic constriction injury-induced hyperalgesia was significantly improved by LY294002 intrathecal administration and electroacupuncture stimulation at “Zusanli” 足三里 (ST36) and “Yanglingquan” 阳陵泉 (GB34). Also, treatment with electroacupuncture significantly reduced the activation of microglia and downregulated the levels of TNF-α and IL-6, which was similar to the outcomes of LY294002 intrathecal administration. Furthermore, the expression and phosphorylation of PI3K/AKT signaling was markedly suppressed by electroacupuncture treatment. Conclusions: These findings indicated that electroacupuncture exhibited the analgesic effect on CCI rats by inhibiting the activation of microglia and production of proinflammatory cytokines in spinal cord through blocking the microglial PI3K/AKT signaling activation