ObjectiveTo investigate whether Huanglian Jiedutang can inhibit neutrophil infiltration in the brains of middle cerebral artery occlusion （MCAO） mice by regulating the expression of neutrophil-related chemokines in exosomes， thereby achieving therapeutic effects. MethodsA total of 130 male specific pathogen-free （SPF） C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into four groups： Sham-operated group， MCAO model group， Huanglian Jiedutang group （6 g·kg^-1）， and Ginaton group （21.6 mg·kg^-1）， with 10 mice in the Ginaton group and 40 mice in each of the remaining three groups. Mice in the Huanglian Jiedutang group and the Ginaton group were administered the corresponding drugs by oral gavage once daily at a volume of 0.15 mL·（10 g）^-1 for 7 consecutive days， while the sham-operated and model groups received an equal volume of saline via the same route. After 7 days， MCAO surgery was performed. The distal and proximal ends of the right common carotid artery （CCA） were ligated， a small incision was made between the two ligatures， and a silicone rubber-coated monofilament with a rounded tip was inserted into the lumen to occlude the CCA. The filament was left in place for 1 h to establish a focal cerebral ischemia model. At 24 h after modeling， mice were evaluated. Neurological function was assessed using the Longa score. Cerebral infarct volume was measured by 2，3，5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride （TTC） staining. Cerebral blood flow was observed by laser speckle imaging. Hematoxylin and eosin （HE） staining and Nissl staining were used to observe pathological changes in brain tissues. Exosomes were isolated from mouse plasma and brain tissues by ultracentrifugation and molecular size exclusion and identified by electron microscopy， particle size analysis， and protein blotting. Long-chain RNA libraries of exosomes were constructed and sequenced. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） was used to detect the mRNA expression of inflammatory factors and neutrophil-related chemokines in exosomes from plasma and brain tissues of each group. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to detect the protein expression of inflammatory factors and neutrophil-related chemokines in exosomes from brain tissues of each group. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of the neutrophil-specific protein myeloperoxidase （MPO） in the brains of mice in each group. ResultsCompared with the sham-operated group， the model group showed decreased neurological function scores （P<0.01）， obvious cerebral infarction （P<0.01）， reduced cerebral blood flow （P<0.01）， neuronal necrosis in the brain， and decreased numbers of Nissl bodies （P<0.01）. The mRNA expression levels of IL-1β， MPO， CXCL1， CXCL2， CXCL3， CXCL10， CCL2， and CCL3 in exosomes from plasma and brain tissues were significantly increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The protein expression levels of IL-1β， MPO， CXCL2， and CXCL10 in exosomes from brain tissues were increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and MPO-positive rates and mean optical density values in brain tissues were elevated （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the Huanglian Jiedutang group and the Ginaton group showed increased neurological function scores （P<0.05）， reduced cerebral infarct volume （P<0.01）， restored cerebral blood flow （P<0.01）， reduced necrotic cells in the brain， and increased numbers of Nissl bodies （P<0.01）. In the Huanglian Jiedutang group， the mRNA expression levels of IL-1β， MPO， CXCL1， CXCL2， CXCL3， CXCL10， CCL2， and CCL3 in exosomes from plasma and brain tissues were decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The protein expression levels of IL-1β， MPO， CXCL2， and CXCL10 in exosomes from brain tissues were reduced （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and MPO-positive rates and mean optical density values in brain tissues were decreased （P<0.01）. ConclusionHuanglian Jiedutang can effectively regulate the expression of neutrophil-related chemokines in exosomes from plasma and brain tissues of MCAO mice， thereby reducing neutrophil infiltration in the brain and achieving therapeutic effects.

ObjectiveTo investigate whether Huanglian Jiedutang can inhibit neutrophil infiltration in the brains of middle cerebral artery occlusion （MCAO） mice by regulating the expression of neutrophil-related chemokines in exosomes， thereby achieving therapeutic effects. MethodsA total of 130 male specific pathogen-free （SPF） C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into four groups： Sham-operated group， MCAO model group， Huanglian Jiedutang group （6 g·kg^-1）， and Ginaton group （21.6 mg·kg^-1）， with 10 mice in the Ginaton group and 40 mice in each of the remaining three groups. Mice in the Huanglian Jiedutang group and the Ginaton group were administered the corresponding drugs by oral gavage once daily at a volume of 0.15 mL·（10 g）^-1 for 7 consecutive days， while the sham-operated and model groups received an equal volume of saline via the same route. After 7 days， MCAO surgery was performed. The distal and proximal ends of the right common carotid artery （CCA） were ligated， a small incision was made between the two ligatures， and a silicone rubber-coated monofilament with a rounded tip was inserted into the lumen to occlude the CCA. The filament was left in place for 1 h to establish a focal cerebral ischemia model. At 24 h after modeling， mice were evaluated. Neurological function was assessed using the Longa score. Cerebral infarct volume was measured by 2，3，5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride （TTC） staining. Cerebral blood flow was observed by laser speckle imaging. Hematoxylin and eosin （HE） staining and Nissl staining were used to observe pathological changes in brain tissues. Exosomes were isolated from mouse plasma and brain tissues by ultracentrifugation and molecular size exclusion and identified by electron microscopy， particle size analysis， and protein blotting. Long-chain RNA libraries of exosomes were constructed and sequenced. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） was used to detect the mRNA expression of inflammatory factors and neutrophil-related chemokines in exosomes from plasma and brain tissues of each group. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to detect the protein expression of inflammatory factors and neutrophil-related chemokines in exosomes from brain tissues of each group. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of the neutrophil-specific protein myeloperoxidase （MPO） in the brains of mice in each group. ResultsCompared with the sham-operated group， the model group showed decreased neurological function scores （P<0.01）， obvious cerebral infarction （P<0.01）， reduced cerebral blood flow （P<0.01）， neuronal necrosis in the brain， and decreased numbers of Nissl bodies （P<0.01）. The mRNA expression levels of IL-1β， MPO， CXCL1， CXCL2， CXCL3， CXCL10， CCL2， and CCL3 in exosomes from plasma and brain tissues were significantly increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The protein expression levels of IL-1β， MPO， CXCL2， and CXCL10 in exosomes from brain tissues were increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and MPO-positive rates and mean optical density values in brain tissues were elevated （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the Huanglian Jiedutang group and the Ginaton group showed increased neurological function scores （P<0.05）， reduced cerebral infarct volume （P<0.01）， restored cerebral blood flow （P<0.01）， reduced necrotic cells in the brain， and increased numbers of Nissl bodies （P<0.01）. In the Huanglian Jiedutang group， the mRNA expression levels of IL-1β， MPO， CXCL1， CXCL2， CXCL3， CXCL10， CCL2， and CCL3 in exosomes from plasma and brain tissues were decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The protein expression levels of IL-1β， MPO， CXCL2， and CXCL10 in exosomes from brain tissues were reduced （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and MPO-positive rates and mean optical density values in brain tissues were decreased （P<0.01）. ConclusionHuanglian Jiedutang can effectively regulate the expression of neutrophil-related chemokines in exosomes from plasma and brain tissues of MCAO mice， thereby reducing neutrophil infiltration in the brain and achieving therapeutic effects.

Objective: To explore the iodine nutrition status of children in Wuhan from 2019 to 2023, and to evaluate the effect of iodine deficiency disorders control in focus groups in Wuhan, so as to provide a basis for consolidating elimination of iodine deficiency disorders. Methods: A total of 13 000 non boarding primary school students aged 8-10 were selected from 13 districts of Wuhan by stratified random sampling method.Household salt samples were collected to measure salt iodine content, random urine samples were analyzed for urinary iodine concentration. And B ultrasound was used to measure thyroid volume in students. The median of salt iodine, coverage rate of iodized salt, consumption rate of qualified iodized salt, median of urinary iodine, and the goiter rate were calculated. And Mann-Whitney U- test, Kruskal-Wallis H- test and Chi-square test were applied to compare between groups. Chi-square trend test was used to analyze the changing trends of coverage rate of iodized salt, consumption rate of qualified iodized salt and goiter rate among children in Wuhan. Results: The median of iodine content of children s household salt was 23.8 (21.7, 26.1) mg/kg, and the coverage rate of iodized salt was 98.7%, and the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt was 94.5 %. The consumption rates of qualified iodized salt showed an overall upward trend from 2019 to 2023 ( χ 2 trend =5.57， P <0.05). The median of urinary iodine of children was 220.1 (136.7, 326.0) μg/L,and boys had higher median of urinary iodine than girls [228.3(143.2, 336.0),210.2(129.1, 315.7) μg/L] ( Z =6.60, P <0.01). The median of urinary iodine of children in suburbs was higher than those in urban areas [236.3 (150.7, 342.2) , 207.1 (124.5, 309.8) μg/L]( Z =11.00, P <0.01). A total of 4 600 children were examined for thyroid volume, and the range of goiter rates were 1.1% to 3.4%, with an average goiter rate of 2.5%, which showed an overall downward trend from 2019 to 2023 ( χ 2 trend =5.11, P <0.05). Conclusions The iodine nutrition is sufficient and iodine nutrition status is good among children in Wuhan. It should continue to carry out monitoring and evaluation of children s iodine nutrition, guide the public to supplement iodine scientifically,so as to maintain the appropriate level of iodine for children.

OBJECTIVE: Left ventricular remodeling induced by myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MI/RI) is a common cardiac dysfunction. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that autophagy plays a vital role in protecting against ventricular remodeling. This study aims to investigate the performance of Compound Danshen Tablets (CDT) in rescuing ventricular remodeling and whether autophagy as the potential mechanism. METHODS: The left anterior descending arteries of rats were temporarily ligated for 30 min to construct the MI/RI model. Ventricular remodeling was induced by reperfusion for 28 d, during which the MI/RI rats were administered CDT (300 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg), atorvastatin (2 mg/kg), and diltiazem (16 mg/kg). Cardiac function and structure were examined by echocardiography. Immunohistochemistry, Masson's trichrome staining, and hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining were utilized to assess the fibrosis and histological alterations in the heart tissue. The expression of autophagy-related proteins was detected using Western blotting. RESULTS: CDT attenuated the cardiac dysfunction, structural changes, histopathological changes and fibrosis induced by MI/RI. CDT significantly enhanced the level of Beclin1 and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta (LC3β), and reduced p62 levels in MI/RI rats. Moreover, CDT significantly increased the phosphorylation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and inhibited mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) phosphorylation. CONCLUSION CDT ameliorated MI/RI-induced ventricular remodeling by activating autophagy and improving autophagic flux via the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway.

The ambiguity of etiology makes temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJOA) "difficult-to-treat". Emerging evidence underscores the therapeutic promise of exosomes in osteoarthritis management. Nonetheless, challenges such as low yields and insignificant efficacy of current exosome therapies necessitate significant advances. Addressing lower strontium (Sr) levels in arthritic synovial microenvironment, we studied the effect of Sr element on exosomes and miRNA selectively loading in synovial mesenchymal stem cells (SMSCs). Here, we developed an optimized system that boosts the yield of SMSC-derived exosomes (SMSC-EXOs) and improves their miRNA profiles with an elevated proportion of beneficial miRNAs, while reducing harmful ones by pretreating SMSCs with Sr. Compared to untreated SMSC-EXOs, Sr-pretreated SMSC-derived exosomes (Sr-SMSC-EXOs) demonstrated superior therapeutic efficacy by mitigating chondrocyte ferroptosis and reducing osteoclast-mediated joint pain in TMJOA. Our results illustrate Alix's crucial role in Sr-triggered miRNA loading, identifying miR-143-3p as a key anti-TMJOA exosomal component. Interestingly, this system is specifically oriented towards synovium-derived stem cells. The insight into trace element-driven, site-specific miRNA selectively loading in SMSC-EXOs proposes a promising therapeutic enhancement strategy for TMJOA.
MicroRNAs/metabolism* ; Mesenchymal Stem Cells/drug effects* ; Osteoarthritis/drug therapy* ; Exosomes/drug effects* ; Strontium/pharmacology* ; Synovial Membrane/cytology* ; Humans ; Animals ; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders/therapy* ; Temporomandibular Joint

Objective To translate the Maternal Childbirth Fatigue Perception Questionnaire(MCFQ)into Chinese and examine its reliability and validity among women undergoing vaginal deliv-ery.Methods Following the Brislin translation model,the MCFQ was translated,back-translated,culturally adapted and pre-tested to develop a Chinese version.By using the convenience sampling method,574 parturients were selected for a questionnaire survey from January to April 2024,and the reliability and validity of the Chinese questionnaire were evaluated.Results The Chinese version of MCFQ consisted of 3 dimensions and 13 items,namely physical fatigue(7 items),perceived fatigue(3 items)and emotional fatigue(3 items).The item-level content validity index ranged from0.813 to 1.000,and the scale-level content validity index was 0.938.The overall Cronbach's α coefficient of the scale was 0.870,and the split-half reliability coefficient was 0.848.Confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated that the question naire had a good fit.Conclusion The Chinese version of MCFQ has good reliability and validity and can be used as an effective tool to assess the fatigue level of parturients during the delivery process.It is helpful for clinical medical staff to optimize the management of the la-bor process,improve the quality of delivery,and ensure the safety of mothers and infants.

BACKGROUND:Neuroinflammation is an important factor leading to secondary spinal cord injury,and microglia/macrophage pyroptosis is a significant part of post-spinal cord injury neuroinflammation.Studies have shown that microglia/macrophage undergoes pyroptosis after spinal cord injury,but the regulatory mechanism of circular RNA(circRNA)in microglia/macrophage pyroptosis after spinal cord injury remains unclear. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the role and mechanism of circRNA0005512 in regulating microglia/macrophage pyroptosis after spinal cord injury. METHODS:Female Wistar rats were divided into sham group and spinal cord injury group.Motor function was evaluated using the Basso,Beattie,and Bresnahan(BBB)scale.Cavity volume was assessed by hematoxylin-eosin staining.Differential expression of circRNA in spinal cord tissue was screened using RNA-sequencing and circ0005512 was validated by real-time PCR.Immunofluorescence,western blot assay,ELISA,and real-time PCR were performed to detect cell pyroptosis in the rats and lipopolysaccharide-induced microglial cell line HAPI cell models.Gene knockdown was used to confirm the regulatory role of circRNA0005512 in microglia/macrophage pyroptosis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Seven days after spinal cord injury,evident cavities were observed at the injury site.Immediately after spinal cord injury,the motor function of rats was completely lost.Over time,the motor function of rats in the spinal cord injury group gradually partially recovered,and there was a significant difference in BBB scores compared to the sham group.(2)Circ0005512 was significantly upregulated according to the results of the RNA-sequencing and confirmed in both the animal and cell models.(3)Immunofluorescence,western blot assay,real-time PCR,and ELISA confirmed the significant upregulation of cell pyroptosis markers(NLRP3,GSDMD,and caspase-1)in spinal cord injury tissue and lipopolysaccharide-induced HAPI cells.(4)In the cell model,knockdown of circ0005512 resulted in significantly decreased levels of cell pyroptosis marker-NLRP3.(5)The results above indicate that circ0005512 promotes pyroptosis in microglia/macrophages after spinal cord injury.

Objective To investigate the neuroprotective effect and mechanism of salvia polyphenolic acid for injection (SAFI) on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Methods A total of 100 SD rats were randomly divided into sham surgery group,model group,low-,medium-and high-dose (5,10,20 mg·kg-1) salvia polyphenolic acid groups,with 20 rats in each group. After being continuously administrated by intraperitoneal injection of SAFI once daily for three days,the rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) was established using the thread embolization method at 1 hour after the last administration. The neurological deficit of rats was evaluated by Zea Longa score. The cerebral infarction volume was detected by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride(TTC) staining. The levels of serum NADPH oxidase(NOX),4-hydroxynonanal(4-HNE),8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG),monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-1β(IL-1β),interleukin-18(IL-18),interleukin-6(IL-6),and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) were detected by ELISA kits. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and Nissl staining were used to observe the pathological changes of brain tissue and the morphology of neurons. The apoptosis of neuronal cells in brain tissue was detected by TUNEL. Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the expression level of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in brain tissue. Western Blot was used to detect the protein expression of NLRP3 and Caspase1 in brain tissue. Results Compared with the sham surgery group,neurological deficit scores in model group increased remarkably (P<0.01). The cerebral infarction volume increased significantly (P<0.01). Serious pathological damage of brain was observed,and neuronal density decreased significantly(P<0.01). The apoptosis rate of cortical cells increased obviously (P<0.01). The levels of serum NOX,4-HNE,8-OHdG,MCP-1,TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-18,IL-6 and ICAM-1 increased significantly (P<0.05,P<0.01). The protein expression of GFAP,NLRP3 and Caspase1 in brain significantly upregulated (P<0.01). Compared with the model group,neurological deficit scores in medium-and high-dose SAFI groups decreased remarkably (P<0.01). The cerebral infarction volume decreased significantly (P<0.01). Neuronal damage was ameliorated to varying degrees,and neuronal density increased significantly(P<0.05,P<0.01). The apoptosis rate of cortical cells decreased obviously (P<0.01). The levels of serum NOX,4-HNE,8-OHdG,MCP-1,TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-18,IL-6 and ICAM-1 decreased significantly (P<0.05,P<0.01). The protein expression of GFAP,NLRP3 and Caspase1 in brain significantly downregulated(P<0.01). Conclusion SAFI has a protective effect on MCAO/R rats,which can significantly reduce oxidative stress and inflammatory responses,thereby reducing pathological damage and apoptosis of brain tissue. Its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of NLRP3/Caspase-1 signaling pathway and astrocyte activation.

Objective:To investigate the expression changes of neuronal nitric oxide synthetase(nNOS)and α7 nic-otinic acetylcholine receptor(α7nAChR)in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus and the effects on the behavioral func-tions of Aβ induced dementia rats.Methods:Forty adult male Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were intracerebroventricular-ly(i.c.v.)injected with condensed-amyloid beta peptides 1-42 to establish dementia model.Two drug treatment groups were respectively i.c.v.injected with the nitric oxide(NO)precursor L-arginine(L-Arg)and α7nAChR agonist choline chloride(CC),and another group were injected with them both.Spatial learning and memory functions of rats were evaluated by Y-maze experiment.The expressions of nNOS and α7nAChR in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus were measured by immunohistochemical staining and Western Blot.Results:The results showed that,in comparison with Aβ+NS group,rats in Aβ+L-Arg group or Aβ+CC group exhibited decreases in the numbers to reach the criteri-on(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01),with significant increases of the protein expressions of nNOS and a7nAChR in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).However,compared with Aβ+L-Arg group or Aβ+CC group,the protein expressions of nNOS and α7nAChR in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of rats were significantly increased(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01),and the numbers to reach the criterion were decreased in Aβ+L-Arg+CC group(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).Conclusion:The combined use of L-Arg and CC in the lateral ventricle can significantly enhance the effects of either on the up-regulation of nNOS and α7nAChR,and the improvement of the cognitive impairment in rats.There-fore,it is speculated that the synergistic effect of central nNOS and nicotine system is more beneficial to improving cog-nitive impairment function in dementia rats.

Objective:To investigate the current status of the use and management of medical devices in various primary medical and health institutions under hierarchical medical diagnosis and treatment.Methods:A stratified random cluster sampling method was used to select 450 medical personnel from 50 township and urban primary medical and health institutions of Shijiazhuang from May to August 2023 and a questionnaire network survey on the use and management of medical devices was conducted,which covered 16 items across three dimensions including the use of commonly used medical devices in primary medical institutions,maintenance and quality control management.Results:A total of 450 questionnaires were distributed and 450 valid questionnaires were collected,including 239 from township primary level medical institutions and 211 from urban primary level ones.According to the results of 211 urban primary level questionnaires,the proportions of the training and examination carried out by the medical staff of urban grass-roots medical and health institutions prior to the use of medical devices,understanding parameters of medical devices and timely detection of malfunction of medical devices were 62.6%(132/211),77.7%(164/211)and 70.1%(148/211),respectively,which were higher than those at the township primary level,the difference was statistically significant(x2=17.750,29.649,22.384,P<0.05).The proportions of urban primary medical and health institutions with maintenance system,inspection and maintenance standards,regular calibration provisions,and equipment calibration standards were 64.0%(135/211),53.6%(112/211),55.9%(118/211)and 55.0%(116/211),respectively,which were higher than those of the township primary level,the difference was statistically significant(x2=5.834,34.728,6.004,25.540,P<0.05).The difference was not statistically significant between urban primary level and township primary level in each item of quality control management(P>0.05).Conclusion:Primary medical and health institutions were required to strengthen training and assessment before medical and health personnel use medical devices;improve related system and standards for medical device maintenance;formulate quality control management system for commonly used medical devices;strengthen analysis and discussion processes after quality control,and promote continuous improvement of medical device quality management.