Objective: To investigate the nutritional status and influencing factors among Tibetan and Mongolian children and adolescents aged 7-18 years in high-altitude regions, so as to provide evidence for early prevention and control of malnutrition in this population. Methods: From May to June 2022, a cluster sampling method was employed to recruit 1 019 Tibetan and Mongolian children and adolescents aged 7-18 years from two primary and secondary schools in Golmud City. Physical examinations, dietary frequency questionnaires, and physical activity assessments were conducted. Nutritional status was classified as obesity, combined overweight/obesity, underweight, or central obesity according to national standards including Screening for Overweight and Obesity among School-age Children and Adolescents, Screening Standard for Malnutrition of School-age Children and Adolescents, Blue Book on Obesity Prevention and Control in China. Chi-square tests, t-test and Logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with different nutritional statuses. Results: The detection rates of obesity, combined overweight/obesity, underweight, and central obesity were 8.0%, 18.1%, 5.2%, and 19.7%, respectively. The height of children and adolescents across all age groups was generally lower than the national standard values. Tibetan participants exhibited significantly lower height-for-age Z-scores (HAZ)(9-10, 13-17 years, Z =2.01, 2.78, 4.16, 3.38, 4.12, 3.63, 3.00) and BMI-for-age Z-scores (BAZ) compared to Mongolian participants ( Z =-2.95, -2.47, -2.31, -2.89, -2.14, -2.17)( P < 0.05 ). Multivariate Logistic regression revealed that Mongolian children and adolescents had higher risks of obesity ( OR =2.20) and combined overweight/obesity ( OR = 2.18 ) ( P <0.05). Additionally, insufficient moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was associated with an increased risk of central obesity ( OR =1.48, P <0.05), compared with children and adolescents who meet the standard of MVPA. Conclusions The rates of overweight and obesity among Tibetan and Mongolian children and adolescents in Golmud City are higher, influenced by multiple factors. Nutrition interventions and physical activity strategies tailored to ethnic characteristics should be implemented, with emphasis on promoting MVPA to improve nutritional outcomes in this population.

Objective To establish a brucellosis monitoring and testing technique applicable for the rapid field screening of natural epidemic diseases.Methods A rapid testing technique for Brucella was developed based on a double-antibody sandwich testing model using gradient-variant quantum dots as fluorescent tracers.The sensitivity,linearity,precision,and specificity of the technique were evaluated using suspensions of standard Brucella strains.Methodological comparisons across different sample types were conducted to assess the consistency of the test results.Results The gradient-variant quantum dots detection method was evaluated with standard Brucella strains,exhibiting a sensitivity of 1×103 CFU/mL and a linear correlation coefficient(r)of 0.994(95%CI,0.933-1.055).The maximum coefficient of variation was 12.94%in repeated tests,showing good specificity.A comparative assessment of 305 clinical samples was conducted using the Brucella gradient-variant quantum dots detection method,the Rose Bengal plate agglutination test(RBT),and the serum agglutination test(SAT),yielding a Kappa value of 0.95,indicating almost perfect agreement.Additionally,a comparative assessment of 110 environmental samples collected on-site was conducted using the Brucella gradient-variant quantum dots detection method and quantitative real-time PCR(qPCR).The Kappa values for aerosol collection fluid,surface wipes,and wool samples were all above 0.83,demonstrating near-perfect agreement.For fecal and soil samples,the Kappa values were above 0.62,indicating substantial agreement.Conclusion The Brucella detection method based on gradient-variant quantum dots technology is simple and can be conducted rapidly.The detection method demonstrates high sensitivity,linearity,precision,and specificity.It shows consistent performance in clinical sample testing.It is well-suited for field rapid screening of natural epidemic diseases in field settings and shows good application prospects in the monitoring,prevention,and rapid detection of zoonotic diseases.

Objectives:To explore obesity prevalence and its association with dietary patterns among Tibetan pastoralists during the urbanization transition in Qinghai Province.Methods:Using an open cohort study design, 1 003 subjects were enrolled at baseline in 2018, 599 were followed up, and 1 012 were newly recruited in 2022. A total of 1 913 adults over 18 years were included in the study, and a questionnaire survey and health examination were conducted. Factor analysis was used to identify dietary patterns, and a mixed-effects model was used to analyze the association between dietary patterns and obesity.Results:From 2018 to 2022, the prevalence rates of overweight, obesity, and central obesity were 27.6%, 33.8%, and 54.6%, respectively. Age-sex-standardized prevalence of obesity and central obesity increased. Three dietary patterns were identified: the modern pattern was characterized by frequent consumption of pork, poultry, processed meat, fresh fruits, sugary drinks, salty snacks, etcetera; the urban pattern was characterized by frequent consumption of refined carbohydrates, beef and mutton, vegetables and eggs, etcetera; and pastoral pattern featured frequent consumption of tsamba, Tibetan cheese, buttered/milk tea, and whole-fat dairy products. After adjusting for demographic characteristics, socioeconomic status, and lifestyle factors, compared with the T1, subjects in the T3 of urban pattern scores were more likely to be overweight ( OR=2.09, 95% CI: 1.10-3.95) and overweight/obese ( OR=1.23, 95% CI: 1.00-1.51), whereas those in the T3 of pastoral pattern scores had a lower risk of overweight ( OR=0.45, 95% CI: 0.24-0.84), obesity ( OR=0.81, 95% CI: 0.69-0.95), overweight/obesity ( OR=0.75, 95% CI: 0.61-0.91) and central obesity ( OR=0.58, 95% CI: 0.38-0.89). Conclusions:Prevalence of obesity and central obesity was high among Tibetan pastoralists during the urbanization transition. Urban dietary pattern was a risk factor for overweight and overweight/obesity, whereas pastoral dietary pattern was a protective factor for overweight, obesity, overweight/obesity, and central obesity. Tailored interventions are needed to improve local people's health.

Objective This study was to evaluate the safety of 640 corneal donors by analysing the serological testing results.Methods We retrospectively analyzed the serological testing results from Changsha Aier Eye Bank and Chengdu Kangqiao Aier Eye Bank from January 2011 to December 2015,hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg),hepatitis C virus (HCV),treponema pallidum (TP) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) were detected by colloidal gold or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results There were 83 out of 640 serum samples showed positive immuno-reaction assayed markers,the positive rate was 12.97％,including HBsAg(n=60,9.38％),HCV(n=3,0.47％),TP(n=11,1.72％) and HIV(n=2,0.31％).Moreover,3 corneal donors were both positive against HBsAg and HCV,2 donors positive against HCV and TP,1 donor positive against HBsAg and HIV,1 donor positive against HBsAg and TP.Conclusions There is a high proportion of positive results of blood-borne diseases in cornea donors,which is a potential threat to corneal receptors and eye bank workers.Therefore,it is very important to detect serological test strictly for corneal donors.

Objective To evaluate the clinical effect of itraconazole oral solutions on pulmonary candidiasis albicans in ICU patients.Methods A total of 71 patients with candida ablicans in their sputum clutures were randomized into two groups.The itraconazole group(n= 36)received itraconazole 200 mg,p.o.(including nasal feeding),q12h for 14 days.The fluconazole group(n=35)received fluconazole 400 mg for the first dose,then 200 mg,i.v.drip,qd for 14 days.Results There were 31 patients in the itraconazole group and 29 paitents in the fluconazole group who completed their treatment.In the itraconazole and fluconazole group,the clearance of candida ablicans was 64.52%(20/31)vs.65.55%(19/29),cleaning time(10.12?2.57)vs(8.87?1.95)days,effective rate 58.06%(18/31)vs 62.07%(18/29),recovery rate is 19.35%(6/31)vs 17.24%(5/29),occurrence of hepatic dysfunction is 25.81%(8/31)vs 24.14%(7/29),and withdrawal for inefficacy was 3.23%(1/31)vs 6.90%(2/29),respectively.These parameters did not have statistical significance.Conclusion Itraconazole oral solutions can be used effectively and safely in the treatment of pulmonary candidiasis albicans in ICU.Patients with renal dysfunction do not need to adjust the dosage.

OBJECTIVE To comprehend the main pathogens and their drug resistance of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome(MODS) patients in ICU.METHODS We retrospectively analyzed all the bacteria isolated from 40 MODS patients in ICU.RESULTS The number of bacteria strains isolated was 173,92 G-bacteria strains made up 53.18%,60 G+ bacteria strains made up 34.68%,and 21 fungi strains made up 12.14%.The top six were Staphylococcus aureus(23.70%,MRSA was 13.87%),Pseudomonas aeruginosa(14.45%),Acinetobacter baumannii(11.56%),Stenotrophomonas maltophilia(8.67%),Candida tropicalis(8.09%),and Enterococcus faecalis(7.51%).The susceptive rate of S.aureus and Enterococcus to vancomycin was all 100%,the susceptive rate of A.baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae to carbapenems was high.64% patients had the multiplicity of infection(MOI) which always linked with long period in ICU,respiratory failure and mechanical ventilation.CONCLUSIONS MODS patients have a high morbility of G+ bacteria,fungi and MOI,most pathogens show multi-resistance to commonly used antibiotics.Strengthening the monitoring of infection and reasonable using antibiotics should be taken.