The incidence of delayed chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting is relatively high among pediatric cancer patients. Nausea and vomiting symptoms can exacerbate physical and psychological burdens, potentially leading to aversion and reduced treatment adherence. This paper analyzes and summarizes delayed chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in pediatric cancer patients, covering overview, influencing factors, assessment tools, and non-pharmacological interventions, aiming to provide insights for clinical prevention and intervention strategies targeting delayed chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in pediatric patients.

Diabetes is a chronic disease that requires lifelong medication and long-term management. The longer the duration of the disease, the more likely it is to lead to progressive chronic complications affecting the eyes, kidneys, nervous system, and cardiovascular system. These complications may result in gradual functional decline or even organ failure, and may also trigger severe acute metabolic disorders. The cumulative financial burden on patients and their families can be substantial, giving rise to what is known as financial toxicity, which in turn may negatively affect patients' health outcomes. This review comprehensively explores the concept of financial toxicity in diabetic patients, including its assessment tools, influencing factors, and coping strategies. It also offers targeted suggestions aimed at informing the development of more scientific and effective systemic interventions, with the ultimate goal of improving treatment outcomes and quality of life for individuals living with diabetes.

Objective To analyze the prescription patterns of Professor Huang Feng,a nationally renowned traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)practitioner,in treating osteomyelitis using data mining methods.Methods Prescription data from effective medical records of osteomyelitis treated by Professor Huang Feng between January 2018 and December 2022 were collected and screened.Microsoft Excel,SPSS Modeler 18.0,and SPSS Statistics 25 were used to analyze the frequency and the distribution of properties,flavors,and meridian tropism of prescribed medications,along with association rule analysis and cluster analysis of high-frequency drugs.Results A total of 137 prescriptions involving 86 Chinese medicinals were included.Eighteen high-frequency medicinals(frequency＞30 times)were identified,namely Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma,Astragali Radix,Coicis Semen,Angelicae Sinensis Radix,Smilacis Glabrae Rhizoma,Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix,Bletillae Rhizoma,Rehmanniae Radix,Paeoniae Radix Alba,Dendrobii Caulis,Polygalae Radix,Lablab Semen Album,Corydalis Rhizoma,Angelicae Dahuricae Radix,Drynariae Rhizoma,Sanguisorbae Radix,Poria,and Mume Fructus.Most of the prescribed medicinals were neutral in nature,sweet,bitter,and pungent in flavor,and had the meridian tropism of liver,spleen,and lung meridians.Association rule analysis yielded 67 drug association rules,and the high-support combinations were the drug combinations of Astragali Radix respectively with Coicis Semen,Angelicae Sinensis Radix,Smilacis Glabrae Rhizoma and Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix,reflecting the compatibility principles of supplementing and invigorating qi-blood,activating blood circulation to resolve stasis,and draining dampness to remove toxins.Cluster analysis revealed three core clusters:Cluster 1 consisted of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma,Astragali Radix,Coicis Semen,Smilacis Glabrae Rhizoma,Angelicae Sinensis Radix,Bletillae Rhizoma,Paeoniae Radix Alba,Angelicae Dahuricae Radix,Mume Fructus,Polygalae Radix and Sanguisorbae Radix;Cluster 2 consisted of Rehmanniae Radix and Dendrobii Caulis;Cluster 3 consisted of Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix,Lablab Semen Album,Corydalis Rhizoma and Poria.Conclusion For the treatment of osteomyelitis,Professor Huang Feng follows the principle of combining supporting healthy qi with eliminating pathogens,focuses on clearing damp-heat and pathogenic toxins accompanied by activating blood circulation to resolve stasis,and lays stress on adaptation to local condition and activating spleen-stomach to reinforce vital qi.

Objectives:To calculate the age-standardized incidence rate, disability-adjusted life years (DALY) rate, and mortality rate of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) among individuals aged ≥60 years globally from 1990 to 2019, and analyze their trends. To assess the impact of population growth, changes in age structure, and epidemiological changes on global changes in COPD incidence, DALYs, and deaths among individuals aged ≥60 years.Methods:The data were derived from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease study. The Joinpoint regression model was used to calculate the average annual percentage change (AAPC) and its 95% uncertainty interval ( UI). Through decomposition analysis, the changes in the number of COPD cases, DALYs, and deaths among individuals aged ≥60 years globally were attributed to three main factors: population growth, changes in age structure, and epidemiological changes. The contributions of these different factors were analyzed to identify the important factor driving the changes. Results:From 1990 to 2019, the age-standardized incidence rate, DALY rate, and mortality rate of COPD in the global population aged ≥60 years all showed a decreasing trend, with AAPCs of -0.12% (95% UI: -0.13%--0.11%), -1.69% (95% UI: -1.80%--1.58%), and -1.77% (95% UI: -1.89%--1.64%), respectively. The overall contributions of population growth, changes in age structure, and epidemiological changes to the changes in the number of COPD cases, DALYs, and deaths in the global population aged ≥60 years were 5.631 million (112.55%), 14.315 million person-years (33.08%), and 799 400 (35.76%), respectively. Specifically, the contributions of population growth were 5.643 million (112.80%), 39.774 million person-years (91.92%), and 2.078 million (92.93%) for incidence, DALYs, and deaths, respectively. The contributions of changes in age structure were 3.228 million (6.45%), 2.231 million person-years (5.15%), and 265 600 (11.88%) for incidence, DALYs, and deaths, respectively. The contributions of epidemiological changes were -335 200 (-6.70%), -27.690 million person-years (-64.00%), and -1.544 million (-69.05%) for incidence, DALYs and deaths, respectively. Conclusions:Globally, from 1990 to 2019, the age-standardized incidence, DALY rate, and mortality of COPD in individuals aged ≥60 years showed a general downward trend while the combined factors, including contribution of population growth, age structure, and epidemiological features, showed positive impacts on the changes in the number of COPD cases, DALYs, and deaths among individuals aged ≥60 years. The largest impact was on the number of cases. Specifically, population growth had the highest contribution ratio to the changes in COPD incidence, DALYs, and deaths among individuals aged ≥60 years, while epidemiological changes had a negative contribution.

The incidence of delayed chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting is relatively high among pediatric cancer patients. Nausea and vomiting symptoms can exacerbate physical and psychological burdens, potentially leading to aversion and reduced treatment adherence. This paper analyzes and summarizes delayed chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in pediatric cancer patients, covering overview, influencing factors, assessment tools, and non-pharmacological interventions, aiming to provide insights for clinical prevention and intervention strategies targeting delayed chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in pediatric patients.

Diabetes is a chronic disease that requires lifelong medication and long-term management. The longer the duration of the disease, the more likely it is to lead to progressive chronic complications affecting the eyes, kidneys, nervous system, and cardiovascular system. These complications may result in gradual functional decline or even organ failure, and may also trigger severe acute metabolic disorders. The cumulative financial burden on patients and their families can be substantial, giving rise to what is known as financial toxicity, which in turn may negatively affect patients' health outcomes. This review comprehensively explores the concept of financial toxicity in diabetic patients, including its assessment tools, influencing factors, and coping strategies. It also offers targeted suggestions aimed at informing the development of more scientific and effective systemic interventions, with the ultimate goal of improving treatment outcomes and quality of life for individuals living with diabetes.

Objectives:To calculate the age-standardized incidence rate, disability-adjusted life years (DALY) rate, and mortality rate of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) among individuals aged ≥60 years globally from 1990 to 2019, and analyze their trends. To assess the impact of population growth, changes in age structure, and epidemiological changes on global changes in COPD incidence, DALYs, and deaths among individuals aged ≥60 years.Methods:The data were derived from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease study. The Joinpoint regression model was used to calculate the average annual percentage change (AAPC) and its 95% uncertainty interval ( UI). Through decomposition analysis, the changes in the number of COPD cases, DALYs, and deaths among individuals aged ≥60 years globally were attributed to three main factors: population growth, changes in age structure, and epidemiological changes. The contributions of these different factors were analyzed to identify the important factor driving the changes. Results:From 1990 to 2019, the age-standardized incidence rate, DALY rate, and mortality rate of COPD in the global population aged ≥60 years all showed a decreasing trend, with AAPCs of -0.12% (95% UI: -0.13%--0.11%), -1.69% (95% UI: -1.80%--1.58%), and -1.77% (95% UI: -1.89%--1.64%), respectively. The overall contributions of population growth, changes in age structure, and epidemiological changes to the changes in the number of COPD cases, DALYs, and deaths in the global population aged ≥60 years were 5.631 million (112.55%), 14.315 million person-years (33.08%), and 799 400 (35.76%), respectively. Specifically, the contributions of population growth were 5.643 million (112.80%), 39.774 million person-years (91.92%), and 2.078 million (92.93%) for incidence, DALYs, and deaths, respectively. The contributions of changes in age structure were 3.228 million (6.45%), 2.231 million person-years (5.15%), and 265 600 (11.88%) for incidence, DALYs, and deaths, respectively. The contributions of epidemiological changes were -335 200 (-6.70%), -27.690 million person-years (-64.00%), and -1.544 million (-69.05%) for incidence, DALYs and deaths, respectively. Conclusions:Globally, from 1990 to 2019, the age-standardized incidence, DALY rate, and mortality of COPD in individuals aged ≥60 years showed a general downward trend while the combined factors, including contribution of population growth, age structure, and epidemiological features, showed positive impacts on the changes in the number of COPD cases, DALYs, and deaths among individuals aged ≥60 years. The largest impact was on the number of cases. Specifically, population growth had the highest contribution ratio to the changes in COPD incidence, DALYs, and deaths among individuals aged ≥60 years, while epidemiological changes had a negative contribution.

This article reviews the concept and research tools of social distancing, the current situation and influencing factors of social distancing in elderly diabetic patients, in order to provide a basis for the development of targeted intervention strategies for elderly diabetic patients, reduce the sense of social alienation in elderly diabetic patients, and promote their social participation and sense of meaning in life.

BACKGROUND:Traditional Chinese medicine compound prescription has a long history in the treatment of primary osteoporosis,and the curative effect is definite,but the medication rule and mechanism are not clear. OBJECTIVE:Using the methodology of data mining and network pharmacology,to explore and verify the law of drug use and molecular mechanism of modern traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of primary osteoporosis. METHODS:The relevant documents included in CNKI,WanFang,VIP and PubMed were used as data sources,and the relevant data were statistically counted and extracted by Microsoft EXCEL2019,IBMSPSS25.0 and other software.The high-frequency drugs obtained from the data statistics were analyzed by association rules analysis and cluster analysis,and the core drug combination of traditional Chinese medicine compound prescription in the treatment of primary osteoporosis was obtained by combining the two results.The therapeutic mechanism of this combination was explained by network pharmacology and verified by molecular docking. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Finally,151 articles were included and 207 prescriptions were selected,involving 285 flavors of Chinese herbs.(1)Ten groups of important drug combinations were obtained through the above two analyses,among which the core drug combination with the highest confidence and improvement was"Drynaria-Eucommia-Angelica."The key components of the combination in the treatment of primary osteoporosis were quercetin,kaempferol,naringenin and so on.The core targets were SRC proto-oncogene,phosphoinositide-3-Kinase regulatory subunit 1 and RELA proto-oncogene.The main pathways were cancer signaling pathway,JAK-STAT signaling pathway,VEGF signaling pathway,and NF-κB signaling pathway.(2)The key active components were docked with the core targets,and the two showed a good combination.To conclude,Chinese herbal compound therapy in the treatment of primary osteoporosis can use a variety of active components to exert its efficacy through multiple signal pathways and acting on multiple targets,which can provide a theoretical basis for the research and development of new drugs for the follow-up treatment of primary osteoporosis.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy ，safety，and economy of selexipag in the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension（PAH）. METHODS After literature screening ，data extraction and quality evaluation ，the results of included studies were analyzed descriptively by retrieving PubMed ，Embase，Web of Science ，Cochrane Library ，Epistemonikos，SinoMed， CNKI，VIP，Wanfang data ，CBM，official websites of domestic and foreign health technology assessment institutions and relevant database. RESULTS&CONCLUSIONS A total of 7 literature were included ，involving 6 meta-analysis and 1 pharmacoeconomic study. In terms of efficacy ，selexipag could improve patients ’exercise tolerance and hemodynamic indexes ，and reduced the incidence of clinical worsening events and hospitalization . However，intravenous/subcutaneous administration of prostacyclin analog had better effects in improving WHO functional class and reducing all -cause mortality （P＜0.05）. There were no statistically significant differences in the impact on outcome indexes between selexipag and other targeted agents （P＞0.05）. In terms of safety ， the incidence of adverse drug events and drug withdrawal due to adverse reactions was increased by selexipag （P＜0.05），but there were no significant differences between the effects of selexipag and other targeted drugs on adverse events ，serious adverse events and drug withdrawal due to adverse reactions （P＞0.05）. In terms of economy ，based on the background of Canada ’s health system，it was not economical for selexipag to treat PAH ，and there was a lack of economic research based on China ’s national conditions. Further comparative studies on the efficacy and economics of selexipag and prostacyclins in the real world are needed .