Objective: To understand the trend of changes of hygiene status in the teaching environment among primary and secondary schools in Beijing City during 2016-2020, so as to provide basis for further improving the teaching environment and campus hygiene conditions in primary and secondary schools. Methods: A proportional systematic sampling method covered over 50% of schools selected annually in Beijing from 2016 to 2019, and 34% were selected in 2020. Two representative classrooms were selected from each selected school for testing based on their structure and other factors, with 6 196 classrooms supervised, from 2016 to 2020,1 330,1 312,1 384,1 322,848 classrooms were monitored for each year. Results: From 2016 to 2020, the overall lighting qualification rate of classrooms (lighting coefficient 72.8%, window to floor area ratio 41.8%, rear wall reflectance ratio 42.2%, blackboard reflection ratio 37.4%), the overall qualification rate of average blackboard illumination and uniformity (50.6%, 34.9 %), and the overall qualification rate of desk and chair allocation (58.6%) were all below 80%. The overall qualification rate of per capita classroom area (87.5%), blackboard size (83.2%), average desk illumination ( 80.1% ), average desk illumination and uniformity (82.9%), the distance between lamp and desk (99.1%), carbon dioxide ( 86.6% ), temperature (84.9%), and noise (96.6%) were all above 80%. The following indicators, blackboard size, the distance between lamp and desk, average blackboard illumination, lighting coefficient, blackboard reflectance, rear wall reflectance, carbon dioxide, temperature, and noise ( χ 2=78.38, 9.71, 11.76, 320.59, 37.63, 58.45, 236.45, 1 347.56, 101.97), had statistically significance between years. Among those indicators, the qualified rates of blackboard size, blackboard reflectance, lighting coefficient, and noise had been increasing year by year ( χ 2 trend =69.98, 15.82, 240.02, 5.77) ( P <0.05). The qualified rates of per capita classroom area, window to floor area ratio, and blackboard reflection ratio in primary schools (81.6%, 39.8%, 36.3%) were all lower than those in secondary schools (94.9%, 44.5%, 40.3%) ( χ 2=246.32, 12.03, 10.51, P <0.05). The qualified rates of blackboard size, average blackboard illumination, average blackboard illumination and uniformity, and desk and chair allocation (89.3%, 55.6% , 36.0%, and 60.2%) were all higher than those in secondary schools (75.4%, 44.1%, 33.3%, and 56.5%) ( χ 2=209.33, 78.41, 4.44, 8.22) ( P <0.05). The qualified rates of average desk illumination and uniformity, average blackboard illumination, rear wall reflectance ratio, desk and chair allocation, carbon dioxide, temperature, and noise indicators in urban area (82.9%, 84.1% , 51.9%, 45.0%, 60.9%, 91.2%, 89.5%, 97.8%) were all higher than those in suburban area (77.3%, 81.7%, 49.2%, 39.5%, 56.3%, 82.3%, 80.4%, 95.5%) ( χ 2=31.16, 6.28, 4.36, 16.40, 13.39, 105.29, 98.23, 24.66， P <0.05). The qualified rates of the distance between lamp and desk, lighting coefficient, window to floor area ratio, blackboard size, blackboard reflection ratio, average blackboard illumination and uniformity, and per capita classroom area in urban areas (98.8%, 65.2%, 34.3%, 76.7%, 35.9%, 30.1%, 84.6%) were all lower than those in suburban areas (99.4%, 81.4%, 49.8%, 89.7%, 40.2%, 39.6%, 90.3%) ( χ 2=6.80, 171.67, 132.43, 188.46 , 12.45, 60.28, 44.82) ( P <0.05). Conclusions The main problems in the teaching environment of schools in Beijing are classroom lighting, as well as desk and chair allocation. The findings suggest technical rationality and operability of relevant standard should be considered when under revision, and standard training and supervision management should be strengthened, with the aim of teaching environment improvement.

Objective The aim of this study was to explore the role and mechanism of ferroptosis in SiO2-induced cardiac injury using a mouse model. Methods Male C57BL/6 mice were intratracheally instilled with SiO2 to create a silicosis model.Ferrostatin-1(Fer-1)and deferoxamine(DFO)were used to suppress ferroptosis.Serum biomarkers,oxidative stress markers,histopathology,iron content,and the expression of ferroptosis-related proteins were assessed. Results SiO2 altered serum cardiac injury biomarkers,oxidative stress,iron accumulation,and ferroptosis markers in myocardial tissue.Fer-1 and DFO reduced lipid peroxidation and iron overload,and alleviated SiO2-induced mitochondrial damage and myocardial injury.SiO2 inhibited Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2)and its downstream antioxidant genes,while Fer-1 more potently reactivated Nrf2 compared to DFO. Conclusion Iron overload-induced ferroptosis contributes to SiO2-induced cardiac injury.Targeting ferroptosis by reducing iron accumulation or inhibiting lipid peroxidation protects against SiO2 cardiotoxicity,potentially via modulation of the Nrf2 pathway.

Objective:To investigate the pathogenic role and possible mechanism of NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4) in type 1 diabetic keratopathy mouse models.Methods:Forty Nox4 knockout ( Nox4-/-) heterozygous male mice were selected and 120 age- and sex-matched wild-type C57BL/6 ( Nox4+ /+ ) mice were selected as controls. Nox4-/- and Nox4+ /+ mice were randomized into diabetic group (DM group) and non-DM group by random number method.Type 1 DM model was established in DM groups by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin.The DM and non-DM groups of Nox4+ /+ mice were randomized into regular feed group and Nox4 inhibitor GKT137831 (GKT) supplementary feed group by random number method.At 16 weeks after modeling, tear secretion of mice in different groups was measured by the phenol red thread test.Corneal epithelial integrity was evaluated by fluorescent staining.Changes in corneal never fiber density were observed by the in vivo laser scanning confocal microscopy.Reactive oxygen species (ROS) products in corneal epithelium were assayed by CellROX staining.The expressions of E-Cadherin and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) proteins were detected by immunofluorescence staining.Central corneal nerve fiber density was examined by flatmount staining with TUBB3 antibody.The use and care of laboratory animals complied with ARVO statement.The study protocol was approved by Laboratory Animal Care Committee of Xi'an Jiaotong University (No.XJTULAC201301). Results:In Nox4+ /+ mice, the tear secretion was (2.40±1.18)mm/minute in DM group, which was significantly less than (5.30±1.02)mm/minute in non-DM group ( P<0.01).The tear secretion was (4.19±0.63)mm/minute in DM group of Nox4-/- mice, which was significantly more than that in DM group of Nox4+ /+ mice ( P<0.05).Significant difference was found between (2.23±0.83)mm/minute of regular feed group and (4.02±0.71)mm/minute of GKT supplementary feed group ( P<0.01).In Nox4+ /+ mice, the DM group showed significantly increased corneal staining score, reduced corneal nerve fiber density, increased fluorescence intensity of ROS in corneal epithelium, weakened fluorescence intensity of E-Cadherin protein expression, and enhanced fluorescence of NF-κB protein expression compared with non-DM group.In Nox4-/- mice and mice fed with GKT supplementary feed, the increased fluorescence of ROS and decreased fluorescence of E-Cadherin protein expression were seen in the corneal epithelium of the DM groups compared with non-DM groups.In Nox4-/- mice and mice fed with GKT supplementary feed, NF-κB protein fluorescence was weak in corneal epithelial cells in DM groups, which was similar to that in non-DM groups.Immunofluorescence staining of corneal flatmount showed that the density of TUBB3-stained nerve fibers in DM group of Nox4+ /+ mice was significantly lower than that in non-DM group of Nox4+ /+ mice, and there was no significant reduction of nerve fibers in the corneal stromal layer in DM group of Nox4-/- mice or mice fed with GKT supplementary feed. Conclusions:Nox4 is involved in the pathogenic process of diabetic keratopathy, and its mechanism may be related to oxidative stress-induced aggregation of ROS products and activation of NF-κB-mediated inflammatory responses.

Both cholinergic dysfunction and protein citrullination are the hallmarks of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but the relationship between the two phenomena remains unclear. We explored whether and how cholinergic dysfunction accelerates protein citrullination and consequently drives the development of RA. Cholinergic function and protein citrullination levels in patients with RA and collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice were collected. In both neuron-macrophage coculture system and CIA mice, the effect of cholinergic dysfunction on protein citrullination and expression of peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs) was assessed by immunofluorescence. The key transcription factors for PAD4 expression were predicted and validated. Cholinergic dysfunction in the patients with RA and CIA mice negatively correlated with the degree of protein citrullination in synovial tissues. The cholinergic or alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) deactivation and activation resulted in the promotion and reduction of protein citrullination in vitro and in vivo, respectively. Especially, the activation deficiency of α7nAChR induced the earlier onset and aggravation of CIA. Furthermore, deactivation of α7nAChR increased the expression of PAD4 and specificity protein-3 (SP3) in vitro and in vivo. Our results suggest that cholinergic dysfunction-induced deficient α7nAChR activation, which induces the expression of SP3 and its downstream molecule PAD4, accelerating protein citrullination and the development of RA.

Objective:To investigate the survival rates of patients with liver cancer in Shanghai from 2002 to 2013. Methods:Data on new cases and deaths of liver cancer patients withfollow-up information from 2002 to 2013 were obtained from the Population-Based Cancer Registry and Vital Statistics System of the Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention.Incidence and survival rates were stratified by year of diagnosis,gender,district,age-group and stage at diagnosis for analysis.Statistical indicators,such as case numbers,proportions,median age and mean age were calculated.The 1-to 5-year observed survival rates were calculated based on the life table method.The probabilities of surviving from 0 to 99 years old were estimated with the Elandt-Johnson model,and then cumulative expected survival rates were calculated using the Ederer Ⅱ method.Finally,the 1-to 5-year relative survival rates were calculated. Results:A total of 49 455 new cases of liver cancer were diagnosed from 2002 to 2013 in Shanghai,including 35 115 males and 14 340 females.The ratio of males to females was 2.45:1.The proportions of stage Ⅰ,stage Ⅳ and stage unknown were 3.32％,13.93％and 69.13％,respectively.The median survival time of patients with liver cancer diagnosed from 2002 to 2013 was 0.77 years,the 5-year observed survival rate was 13.23％,and the 5-year relative survival rate was 14.47％.According to the 5-year observed survival rate and 5-year relative survival rate of the cases,both survival indicators were higher in urban areas than in suburban areas,higher in males than in females,higher in cases under 45 years of age than in those over 75 years of age,higher in cases diagnosed from 2011 to 2013 than those diagnosed from 2002 to 2004.Additionally,the survival rate of cases decreased with increasing stage at diagnosis. Conclusion:With the continuous improvement of the diagnosis and treatment of liver cancer in Shanghai,the survival rate of patients with liver cancer has shown a significant upward trend over time.However,compared with various malignant tumors such as gastric cancer and breast cancer,the improvement effect of liver cancer survival rate is still not significant.Additionally,a high proportion of cases with unknown clinical stage at the time of diagnosis and a low survival rate of stage Ⅳ cases were observed.This study provides a basis for the prevention and research of liver cancer.

Objective To explore the association between lipid profiles and left ventricular hypertrophy in a Chinese general population. Methods We conducted a retrospective observational study to investigate the relationship between lipid markers [including triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, non-HDL-cholesterol, apolipoprotein A-I, apolipoprotein B, lipoprotein[a], and composite lipid profiles] and left ventricular hypertrophy. A total of 309,400 participants of two populations (one from Beijing and another from nationwide) who underwent physical examinations at different health management centers between 2009 and 2018 in China were included in the cross-sectional study. 7,475 participants who had multiple physical examinations and initially did not have left ventricular hypertrophy constituted a longitudinal cohort to analyze the association between lipid markers and the new-onset of left ventricular hypertrophy. Left ventricular hypertrophy was measured by echocardiography and defined as an end-diastolic thickness of the interventricular septum or left ventricle posterior wall > 11 mm. The Logistic regression model was used in the cross-sectional study. Cox model and Cox model with restricted cubic splines were used in the longitudinal cohort. Results In the cross-sectional study, for participants in the highest tertile of each lipid marker compared to the respective lowest, triglycerides [odds ratio (OR): 1.250, 95％CI: 1.060 to 1.474], HDL-cholesterol (OR: 0.780, 95％CI: 0.662 to 0.918), and lipoprotein(a) (OR: 1.311, 95％CI: 1.115 to 1.541) had an association with left ventricular hypertrophy. In the longitudinal cohort, for participants in the highest tertile of each lipid marker at the baseline compared to the respective lowest, triglycerides [hazard ratio (HR): 3.277, 95％CI: 1.720 to 6.244], HDL-cholesterol (HR: 0.516, 95％CI: 0.283 to 0.940), non-HDL-cholesterol (HR: 2.309, 95％CI: 1.296 to 4.112), apolipoprotein B (HR: 2.244, 95％CI: 1.251 to 4.032) showed an association with new-onset left ventricular hypertrophy. In the Cox model with forward stepwise selection, triglycerides were the only lipid markers entered into the final model. Conclusion Lipids levels, especially triglycerides, are associated with left ventricular hypertrophy. Controlling triglycerides level potentiate to be a strategy in harnessing cardiac remodeling but deserve to be further investigated.

The unicellular green alga Haematococcus pluvialis is the best source of natural astaxanthin (AST) in the world due to its high content under stress conditions. Although high light (HL) can effectively induce AST biosynthesis, the specific mechanisms of light signal perception and transduction are unclear. In the current study, we used transcriptomic data of normal (N), high white light (W), and high blue light (B) to study the mechanisms of light inducing AST accumulation from the point of photoreceptors. The original data of 4.0 G, 3.8 G, and 3.6 G for N, W, and B were obtained, respectively, by the Illumina Hi-seq 2000 sequencing technology. Totally, 51 954 unigenes (at least 200 bp in length) were generated, of which, 20 537 unigenes were annotated into at least one database (NR, NT, KO, SwissProt, Pfam, GO, or KOG). There were 1 255 DEGs in the W vs N, 1 494 DEGs in the B vs N, and 1 008 DEGs in the both W vs N and B vs N. KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that photosynthesis, oxidative phosphorylation, carotenoid biosynthesis, fatty acids biosynthesis, DNA replication, nitrogen metabolism, and carbon metabolism were the significantly enriched pathways. Moreover, a large number of genes encoding photoreceptors and predicted interacting proteins were predicted in Haematococcus transcriptome data. These genes showed significant differences at transcriptional expression levels. In addition, 15 related DEGs were selected and tested by qRT-PCR and the results were significantly correlated with the transcriptome data. The above results indicate that the signal transduction pathway of "light signal - photoreceptors - interaction proteins - (interaction proteins - transcription factor/transcriptional regulator) - gene expression - AST accumulation" might play important roles in the regulation process, and provide reference for further understanding the transcriptional regulation mechanisms of AST accumulation under HL stress.
Chlorophyta/genetics* ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Signal Transduction/genetics* ; Transcriptome/genetics* ; Xanthophylls

Objective: To systematically evaluate the effectiveness of high intensity interval training (HIIT) on body weight and body composition of overweight and obese female college students. In order to provide a theoretical basis for choosing HIIT method. Methods: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published till December 14, 2020 were searched in PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase, CNKI, CBM, VIP and WanFang Databases. Literature screening was conducted based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, methodological quality evaluation, Meta analysis and publication bias test were conducted on the included literature. Results: There were 20 RCTs, among which 14 studies graded as moderate quality. Meta analysis showed that HIIT could significantly reduce the weight of overweight and obese female college students ( MD =-4.22, 95% CI =-7.20--1.25, P < 0.01 ). Improved body fat rate ( MD =-5.31, 95% CI =-6.88--3.73, P <0.01), BMI ( MD =-2.11, 95% CI =-2.65--1.56, P < 0.01 ), total body fat ( MD =-3.66, 95% CI =-4.89--2.43, P <0.01), abdominal fat ( MD =-0.31, 95% CI =-0.47--0.15, P < 0.01 ), trunk fat ( MD =-2.15, 95% CI =-2.86--1.44, P <0.01) were observed. There was no significant effect on lean body weight ( MD =0.42, 95% CI =-0.94-1.78, P =0.55). Conclusion HIIT can significantly reduce the weight and improve body composition in overweight and obese female college students. It can provide a reliable basis for long term HIIT in overweight and obese female college students.

Objective    To compare the clinical effects of segmentectomy and lobectomy for ≤2 cm lung adenocarcinoma with micropapillary and solid subtype negative by intraoperative frozen sections. Methods    The patients with adenocarcinoma who received segmentectomy or lobectomy in multicenter from June 2020 to March 2021 were included. They were divided into two groups according to a random number table, including a segmentectomy group (n=119, 44 males and 75 females with an average age of 56.6±8.9 years) and a lobectomy group (n=115, 43 males and 72 females with an average of 56.2±9.5 years). The clinical data of the patients were analyzed. Results    There was no significant difference in the baseline data between the two groups (P>0.05). No perioperative death was found. There was no statistical difference in the operation time (111.2±30.0 min vs. 107.3±34.3 min), blood loss (54.2±83.5 mL vs. 40.0±16.4 mL), drainage duration (2.8±0.6 d vs. 2.6±0.6 d), hospital stay time (3.9±2.3 d vs. 3.7±1.1 d) or pathology staging (P>0.05) between the two groups. The postoperative pulmonary function analysis revealed that the mean decreased values of forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in one second percent predicted in the segmentectomy group were significantly better than those in the lobectomy group (0.2±0.3 L vs. 0.4±0.3 L, P=0.005; 0.3%±8.1% vs. 2.9%±7.4%, P=0.041). Conclusion    Segmentectomy is effective in protecting lungs function, which is expected to improve life quality of patients.

It is an important measure to establish an effective communication mechanism for filling in the front page of medical records to ensure the good operation of diagnosis-related groups. Taking cerebral infarction as an example, the authors carried out the pilot work of multidisciplinary cooperation mode based on disease types around its coding axis. The multi-disciplinary assistance model could provide a good platform for communication and learning among multiple disciplines, break the barriers between disciplines, improve the quality of the front page and medical record writing of clinicians, and improve the quality and efficiency of coders′ coding.