BACKGROUND:Nobiletin has been found to improve lipopolysaccharide-induced abnormal activation of microglia,excessive release of inflammatory factors and redox imbalance.However,the specific mechanism is not fully understood. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the molecular mechanism by which nobiletin can inhibit lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in BV2 microglia. METHODS:Passage 3 BV2 microglia were divided into three groups:control group was cultured for 24 hours(without any treatment).Lipopolysaccharide group was treated with 10 μg/mL lipopolysaccharide for 24 hours.Lipopolysaccharide+nobiletin group was treated with 20 μmol/L nobiletin for 6 hours and then 10 μg/mL lipopolysaccharide for 24 hours.After the processing,cell proliferation was detected by CCK-8 assay.The level of intracellular reactive oxygen species was detected by fluorescent probe.The mRNA expression levels of nuclear factor κB p65,tumor necrosis factor α,and interleukin-1β were detected by qRT-PCR.The protein expression levels of nuclear factor κB p65,p-nuclear factor κB p65,tumor necrosis factor α,and interleukin-1β were detected by western blot assay. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Compared with the control group,the proliferation activity of lipopolysaccharide group was decreased(P<0.001).Compared with the lipopolysaccharide group,the cell proliferation activity of lipopolysaccharide+nobiletin group was increased(P<0.001).(2)Compared with the control group,the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species was increased in the lipopolysaccharide group(P<0.001).Compared with the lipopolysaccharide group,the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species was decreased in the lipopolysaccharide+nobiletin group(P<0.01).(3)Compared with the control group,the mRNA expression levels of tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin-1β were increased in the lipopolysaccharide group(P<0.001,P<0.01).Compared with the lipopolysaccharide group,mRNA expression levels of tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin-1β were decreased in the lipopolysaccharide+nobiletin group(P<0.01,P<0.05).(4)Compared with the control group,the protein expression levels of p-nuclear factor κB p65,tumor necrosis factor α,and interleukin-1β in were increased the lipopolysaccharide group(P<0.001).Compared with the lipopolysaccharide group,the expression of p-nuclear factor κB p65,tumor necrosis factor α,and interleukin-1β was decreased in the lipopolysaccharide+nobiletin group(P<0.001).(5)These findings suggest that nobiletin attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response in BV2 microglia by suppressing nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway.

Objective: To explore the relationship between related factors of non-suicidal self-injury behavior (NSSI) among middle school students in Guizhou Province, so as to provide the evidence for preventing high risk behaviors in adolescents. Methods: A stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select 1 034 junior and senior middle school students from Zunyi City, Qiannan Prefecture and Tongren City in Guizhou Province from April to October in 2023. Questionnaire survey was conducted to collect information including Adolescent Self injury Scale and Family Assessment Device. The R 4.4.1 software was employed for network analysis visualization, centrality indicators, and result stability assessment. Results: The detection rate of NSSI behavior among middle school students in Guizhou province was 29.6%, with a detection rate of 25.5% for boys and 33.1% for girls, showing a statistically significant difference ( χ 2=7.07, P <0.05). There were statistically significant differences in scores of emotional communication, egoism, family rules, positive communication, problem solving, expression of positive emotions and management of negative emotions self-efficacy, and bullying victimization in various dimensions between middle school students with and without NSSI ( Z =-13.66 to -7.05, P <0.01). NSSI among middle school students was positively correlated with social/relational bullying, depression and anxiety, and there were relatively close connections in the network ( r =0.35, 0.43, 0.42, P <0.01). Centrality indicators showed that the highest in strength and closeness centrality were stress ( Z =1.29, 1.58), the highest in betweenness centrality was for emotional communication ( Z =1.91), and the highest in expected influence index was for physical bullying ( Z =1.44)( P < 0.05). Conclusions Stress, emotional communication and physical bullying have significant impacts in the network of factors related to NSSI. Social/relational bullying, depression and anxiety have strong direct correlations with NSSI behavior among middle school students.

Uncaria rhynchophylla (Miq.)Miq. ex Havil (Gouteng) is a dry and hooked stem branch of Rubiaceae, which contains chemical components including alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids and organic acids. It has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and potential therapeutic effects on various diseases. The characteristics of network pharmacology are multi-component, multi-target and multi-channel, which can analyze the complex mechanism of the active ingredient group of traditional Chinese medicine and the disease markers, and clarify the relationship between drugs, targets and diseases. This review summarises the research progress of the intervention of Gouteng in neurological disorders, cardiovascular diseases, inflammation, and other diseases based on network pharmacology and provides a theoretical foundation for the clinical application of Gouteng.

After kidney transplantation , timely detection of changes in transplanted kidney function may guide clinical managements and prevent or delay irreversible damage to transplanted kidney. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of transplanted kidney is a promising non-invasive technique of acquiring microstructural and microfunctional profiles of transplanted kidney. In recent years, various diffusion imaging modalities, arterial spin labeling (ASL) and blood oxygen level dependent-magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD-MRI) have gradually been applied for transplant kidneys. Transplant kidney function may be evaluated non-invasively from such microscopic perspectives as water molecule diffusion, blood flow perfusion and blood oxygen level. This review focused upon evaluating the renal function and identifying the causes of the renal function decline of transplanted kidney through various fMRI techniques and provide new rationales for clinical diagnosis.

Objective: To understand the trend of changes of hygiene status in the teaching environment among primary and secondary schools in Beijing City during 2016-2020, so as to provide basis for further improving the teaching environment and campus hygiene conditions in primary and secondary schools. Methods: A proportional systematic sampling method covered over 50% of schools selected annually in Beijing from 2016 to 2019, and 34% were selected in 2020. Two representative classrooms were selected from each selected school for testing based on their structure and other factors, with 6 196 classrooms supervised, from 2016 to 2020,1 330,1 312,1 384,1 322,848 classrooms were monitored for each year. Results: From 2016 to 2020, the overall lighting qualification rate of classrooms (lighting coefficient 72.8%, window to floor area ratio 41.8%, rear wall reflectance ratio 42.2%, blackboard reflection ratio 37.4%), the overall qualification rate of average blackboard illumination and uniformity (50.6%, 34.9 %), and the overall qualification rate of desk and chair allocation (58.6%) were all below 80%. The overall qualification rate of per capita classroom area (87.5%), blackboard size (83.2%), average desk illumination ( 80.1% ), average desk illumination and uniformity (82.9%), the distance between lamp and desk (99.1%), carbon dioxide ( 86.6% ), temperature (84.9%), and noise (96.6%) were all above 80%. The following indicators, blackboard size, the distance between lamp and desk, average blackboard illumination, lighting coefficient, blackboard reflectance, rear wall reflectance, carbon dioxide, temperature, and noise ( χ 2=78.38, 9.71, 11.76, 320.59, 37.63, 58.45, 236.45, 1 347.56, 101.97), had statistically significance between years. Among those indicators, the qualified rates of blackboard size, blackboard reflectance, lighting coefficient, and noise had been increasing year by year ( χ 2 trend =69.98, 15.82, 240.02, 5.77) ( P <0.05). The qualified rates of per capita classroom area, window to floor area ratio, and blackboard reflection ratio in primary schools (81.6%, 39.8%, 36.3%) were all lower than those in secondary schools (94.9%, 44.5%, 40.3%) ( χ 2=246.32, 12.03, 10.51, P <0.05). The qualified rates of blackboard size, average blackboard illumination, average blackboard illumination and uniformity, and desk and chair allocation (89.3%, 55.6% , 36.0%, and 60.2%) were all higher than those in secondary schools (75.4%, 44.1%, 33.3%, and 56.5%) ( χ 2=209.33, 78.41, 4.44, 8.22) ( P <0.05). The qualified rates of average desk illumination and uniformity, average blackboard illumination, rear wall reflectance ratio, desk and chair allocation, carbon dioxide, temperature, and noise indicators in urban area (82.9%, 84.1% , 51.9%, 45.0%, 60.9%, 91.2%, 89.5%, 97.8%) were all higher than those in suburban area (77.3%, 81.7%, 49.2%, 39.5%, 56.3%, 82.3%, 80.4%, 95.5%) ( χ 2=31.16, 6.28, 4.36, 16.40, 13.39, 105.29, 98.23, 24.66， P <0.05). The qualified rates of the distance between lamp and desk, lighting coefficient, window to floor area ratio, blackboard size, blackboard reflection ratio, average blackboard illumination and uniformity, and per capita classroom area in urban areas (98.8%, 65.2%, 34.3%, 76.7%, 35.9%, 30.1%, 84.6%) were all lower than those in suburban areas (99.4%, 81.4%, 49.8%, 89.7%, 40.2%, 39.6%, 90.3%) ( χ 2=6.80, 171.67, 132.43, 188.46 , 12.45, 60.28, 44.82) ( P <0.05). Conclusions The main problems in the teaching environment of schools in Beijing are classroom lighting, as well as desk and chair allocation. The findings suggest technical rationality and operability of relevant standard should be considered when under revision, and standard training and supervision management should be strengthened, with the aim of teaching environment improvement.

Objective:To investigate the pathogenic role and possible mechanism of NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4) in type 1 diabetic keratopathy mouse models.Methods:Forty Nox4 knockout ( Nox4-/-) heterozygous male mice were selected and 120 age- and sex-matched wild-type C57BL/6 ( Nox4+ /+ ) mice were selected as controls. Nox4-/- and Nox4+ /+ mice were randomized into diabetic group (DM group) and non-DM group by random number method.Type 1 DM model was established in DM groups by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin.The DM and non-DM groups of Nox4+ /+ mice were randomized into regular feed group and Nox4 inhibitor GKT137831 (GKT) supplementary feed group by random number method.At 16 weeks after modeling, tear secretion of mice in different groups was measured by the phenol red thread test.Corneal epithelial integrity was evaluated by fluorescent staining.Changes in corneal never fiber density were observed by the in vivo laser scanning confocal microscopy.Reactive oxygen species (ROS) products in corneal epithelium were assayed by CellROX staining.The expressions of E-Cadherin and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) proteins were detected by immunofluorescence staining.Central corneal nerve fiber density was examined by flatmount staining with TUBB3 antibody.The use and care of laboratory animals complied with ARVO statement.The study protocol was approved by Laboratory Animal Care Committee of Xi'an Jiaotong University (No.XJTULAC201301). Results:In Nox4+ /+ mice, the tear secretion was (2.40±1.18)mm/minute in DM group, which was significantly less than (5.30±1.02)mm/minute in non-DM group ( P<0.01).The tear secretion was (4.19±0.63)mm/minute in DM group of Nox4-/- mice, which was significantly more than that in DM group of Nox4+ /+ mice ( P<0.05).Significant difference was found between (2.23±0.83)mm/minute of regular feed group and (4.02±0.71)mm/minute of GKT supplementary feed group ( P<0.01).In Nox4+ /+ mice, the DM group showed significantly increased corneal staining score, reduced corneal nerve fiber density, increased fluorescence intensity of ROS in corneal epithelium, weakened fluorescence intensity of E-Cadherin protein expression, and enhanced fluorescence of NF-κB protein expression compared with non-DM group.In Nox4-/- mice and mice fed with GKT supplementary feed, the increased fluorescence of ROS and decreased fluorescence of E-Cadherin protein expression were seen in the corneal epithelium of the DM groups compared with non-DM groups.In Nox4-/- mice and mice fed with GKT supplementary feed, NF-κB protein fluorescence was weak in corneal epithelial cells in DM groups, which was similar to that in non-DM groups.Immunofluorescence staining of corneal flatmount showed that the density of TUBB3-stained nerve fibers in DM group of Nox4+ /+ mice was significantly lower than that in non-DM group of Nox4+ /+ mice, and there was no significant reduction of nerve fibers in the corneal stromal layer in DM group of Nox4-/- mice or mice fed with GKT supplementary feed. Conclusions:Nox4 is involved in the pathogenic process of diabetic keratopathy, and its mechanism may be related to oxidative stress-induced aggregation of ROS products and activation of NF-κB-mediated inflammatory responses.

Objective:To explore the risk factors of perioperative outcomes of lung transplantation and establish a predictive model for delayed extubation after lung transplantation.Methods:From January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2022, 104 lung transplantation recipients were retrospectively collected to identify the risk factors of early post-operative outcome.According to the timing of extubation post-lung transplantation, they were assigned into two groups of normal(77 cases)and delayed(27 cases). Baseline profiles, type of primary diagnosis, cold ischemic duration and lung transplantation approach were compared between two groups.The factors with significant difference were examined by univariate and multivariate Logistic regression.Furthermore, multivariate logistic model was visualized by a nomogram.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve and decision curve analysis(DCA) were performed for evaluating the model's predictive performance and its value for clinical utilization.Results:The postoperative mortality rate was 9.6%.Delayed extubation was a strong predictor for postoperative mortality.Cold ischemic time outperformed others variates in terms of delayed extubation prediction.AUC of cold ischemic time and multivariate logistic model was 0.75(95% CI: 0.69-0.81)and 0.87(95% CI: 0.82-0.91). Conclusions:Delayed postoperative extubation is a key predictor of early post-lung transplantation mortality.The established predictive model may effectively identify high-risk patients for preventive intervention and survival improvement post-lung transplantation.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive disease with unknown etiology and limited therapeutic options. Activation of fibroblasts is a prominent feature of pulmonary fibrosis. Here we report that lncRNA DACH1 (dachshund homolog 1) is downregulated in the lungs of IPF patients and in an experimental mouse model of lung fibrosis. LncDACH1 knockout mice develop spontaneous pulmonary fibrosis, whereas overexpression of LncDACH1 attenuated TGF-β1-induced aberrant activation, collagen deposition and differentiation of mouse lung fibroblasts. Similarly, forced expression of LncDACH1 not only prevented bleomycin (BLM)-induced lung fibrosis, but also reversed established lung fibrosis in a BLM model. Mechanistically, LncDACH1 binding to the serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 1 (SRSF1) protein decreases its activity and inhibits the accumulation of Ctnnb1. Enhanced expression of SRSF1 blocked the anti-fibrotic effect of LncDACH1 in lung fibroblasts. Furthermore, loss of LncDACH1 promoted proliferation, differentiation, and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition in mouse lung fibroblasts, whereas such effects were abolished by silencing of Ctnnb1. In addition, a conserved fragment of LncDACH1 alleviated hyperproliferation, ECM deposition and differentiation of MRC-5 cells driven by TGF-β1. Collectively, LncDACH1 inhibits lung fibrosis by interacting with SRSF1 to suppress CTNNB1 accumulation, suggesting that LncDACH1 might be a potential therapeutic target for pulmonary fibrosis.

ObjectiveTo study the accumulation and absorption of dry matter and nutrients in Curcuma phaeocaulis from Sichuan， the origin of Curcumae Radix （tuber） and Curcumae Rhizoma （rhizome）， to explore the growth and development laws and nutrient demand characteristics of the medicinal species， and thus to lay a theoretical basis for rational fertilization. MethodThe plant growth indexes， dry matter accumulation， and nutrient content of C. phaeocaulis at different growth stages in Sichuan were measured and analyzed. ResultThis medicinal species featured the dominant growth of aboveground leaves and stems before October and growth of underground part （particularly the rhizomes and tubers） from October. During the whole growth period， the accumulation of nitrogen， phosphorus， potassium， calcium， magnesium， iron， manganese， zinc， and copper per plant was 2 450.31， 907.09， 3 171.18， 625.94， 493.38， 14.53， 2.24 ， 2.93， 0.46 mg， respectively， with the order of potassium > nitrogen > phosphorus > calcium > magnesium > iron > zinc > manganese > copper. ConclusionThe species needs sufficient potassium and nitrogen， appropriate amount of phosphorus， calcium， and magnesium， a small amount of iron， and very little zinc， manganese， and copper for growth， and potassium is particularly important. Nitrogen， phosphorus， and potassium fertilizers supply macroelements and nitrogen fertilizer should be supplemented at seedling stage， leafy stage， early rhizome expansion stage， tuber expansion stage， and the second expansion stage of rhizome. Phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should be applied at seedling stage， tuber expansion stage， secondary expansion stage of rhizome， and dry matter accumulation stage of tuber and rhizome. At seedling stage， leafy stage， early rhizome expansion stage， tuber expansion stage， and the second expansion stage of rhizome， a variety of medium and trace elements-containing foliar fertilizers should be used.

Objective:To analyze the clinical features of patients with severe dengue (SD) in Guangdong Province, and to improve the understanding of the diagnosis and treatment of SD in China.Methods:The clinical data, laboratory examination and etiological test results of 257 SD cases from 29 dengue fever designated hospitals in Guangdong Province from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2019 were respectively collected. The relevant indicators of the criteria for severe organ involvement were quantified. Logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze the risk factors for the development of multiple organ failure in SD patients.Results:Among the 257 SD patients, age was (64.1±20.1) years old, with 65.4%(168/257) of them ≥60 years old, 142 were male and 115 were female. One hundred and fifty-two (59.1%) patients had underlying conditions, including 115(44.7%) patients with hypertension. The clinical manifestations were mainly fever (98.4%(253/257)), fatigue (70.0%(180/257)), cough or expectoration (44.4%(114/257)), lethargy or irritability (39.3%(101/257)), vomiting (30.4%(78/257)), abdominal pain or tenderness (20.6%(53/257)), hepatomegaly (2.3%(6/257)), bleeding tendency (59.5%(153/257)), and pleural effusion or ascites (43.6%(112/257)). Platelet count levels were decreased in 90.9%(231/254) of the cases, and 97.1%(234/241) of patients had normal or decreased hematocrit. The most common of severe manifestations were severe organ involvement (61.1%(157/257)), followed by severe bleeding (37.0%(95/257)) and severe plasma leakage (30.0%(77/257)). Severe organ involvements were more common in the kidney (27.6%(71/257)) and heart (26.8%(69/257)). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age (odds ratio ( OR)=1.051, 95% confidence interval ( CI) 1.004 to 1.100, P=0.035), hypertension ( OR=5.224, 95% CI 1.272 to 21.462, P=0.022), elevated aspartate aminotransferase (AST) level ( OR=1.002, 95% CI 1.001 to 1.003, P=0.001), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) ( OR=1.050, 95% CI 1.005 to 1.098, P=0.030), and international normalized ratio (INR) ( OR=4.604, 95% CI 1.601 to 13.238, P=0.005) were risk factors for the development of multiple organ failure in SD patients. The detection results of serum samples form 113 SD patients in acute phase showed that dengue virus (DENV)-1 accounted for 89.4%(101/113), DENV-2 accounted for 9.7%(11/113), and DENV-3 accounted for 0.9% (1/113). Conclusions:Elderly and those with co-existing conditions such as hypertension in SD patients in Guangdong Province are more common. Severe organ involvement such as kidney and heart is the main cause of SD. DENV-1 infection is predominant. Significant elevated levels of AST, BUN and INR may be related to a poor prognosis.