Objective　To detect clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) in Listeria monocytogenes, and analyze the structure and homology of CRISPR loci. Methods Totally 34 strains of Listeria monocytogenes isolated in our laboratory were identified, PCR amplified and sequenced. The repeat sequence structure and spacer sequence homology in CRISPR loci were analyzed by bioinformatics software. Results A total of 7 CRISPR loci were detected in 34 strains. The mutation rate of the first 2 and last 2 bases of the Repeat sequence of CRISPR loci was higher, while the mutation rate of the middle part was lower. Seven CRISPR sites form eight CRISPR structural types, among which the Repeat sequences of CRISPR1 and CRISPR2 are relatively conserved, while the Repeat sequences of CRISPR1 and CRISPR5 can form dumbbell shaped secondary structures. The number of Spacer sequences contained in each CRISPR site ranges from 2 to 15, with an average of 2.43. The 136 Spacer sequences detected were not only homologous to Listeria plasmids and bacteriophages, but also homologous to uncultured virus sequences, staphylococcal bacteriophages, and Listeria innocua. The same CRISPR genotype did not show large-scale clustering, but some strains in the same year were in the same evolutionary cluster with close genetic relationships. Conclusion The CRISPR structure of Listeria monocytogenes in this study exhibits high specificity, and its homology with bacteriophages provides a theoretical basis for the application of bacteriophages in the control and prevention of Listeria monocytogenes.

BACKGROUND:Osteoporosis affects the quality of life of patients and is prone to pathological fractures,and plant-derived exosome-like nanovesicles play an important role in regulating bone balance in patients with osteoporosis.OBJECTIVE:To review the research status and prospect of different plant-derived exosome-like nanovesicles in the treatment of osteoporosis.METHODS:Relevant literature in PubMed,Web of Science,and CNKI databases were searched by computer.Search time was from January 1995 to March 2024.The Chinese and English search terms were"osteoporosis,plant-derived exosome-like nanovesicles,exosomes,osteoblasts,osteoclasts."Finally,53 articles were included and analyzed.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Plant-derived exosom-like nanovesicles have the advantages of low biocompatibility,low toxicity,and natural targeting.These properties not only ensure its stable presence and effective effect in the body,but also avoid unnecessary immune responses,laying the foundation for the design of long-term treatment strategies.Plant-derived exosome-like nanovesicles can be anti-osteoporosis by stimulating osteoblast proliferation,inhibiting osteoclast differentiation,and promoting osteo-inhibition osteoclasts.In addition,some plant-derived exosome-like nanovesicles may be widely used in the diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis in the future as novel tracer targets and treatment options due to their bone-targeting.

The standardized implementation of intraoperative nerve monitoring technology significantly minimizes surgical injury risks. Its application in endoscopic and robotic thyroid surgeries enhances procedural safety. Building upon standardized protocols, our team has innovated technical extensions through accumulated clinical experience, systematically formulated as operational guidelines. This article elucidated these technical extensions through pictures and videos, aiming to improve the safety and procedural fluency of endoscopic and robotic thyroidectomies.

BACKGROUND:Osteoporosis affects the quality of life of patients and is prone to pathological fractures,and plant-derived exosome-like nanovesicles play an important role in regulating bone balance in patients with osteoporosis.OBJECTIVE:To review the research status and prospect of different plant-derived exosome-like nanovesicles in the treatment of osteoporosis.METHODS:Relevant literature in PubMed,Web of Science,and CNKI databases were searched by computer.Search time was from January 1995 to March 2024.The Chinese and English search terms were"osteoporosis,plant-derived exosome-like nanovesicles,exosomes,osteoblasts,osteoclasts."Finally,53 articles were included and analyzed.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Plant-derived exosom-like nanovesicles have the advantages of low biocompatibility,low toxicity,and natural targeting.These properties not only ensure its stable presence and effective effect in the body,but also avoid unnecessary immune responses,laying the foundation for the design of long-term treatment strategies.Plant-derived exosome-like nanovesicles can be anti-osteoporosis by stimulating osteoblast proliferation,inhibiting osteoclast differentiation,and promoting osteo-inhibition osteoclasts.In addition,some plant-derived exosome-like nanovesicles may be widely used in the diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis in the future as novel tracer targets and treatment options due to their bone-targeting.

Focusing on the task requirements of high-quality development of public hospitals,based on literature research and comprehensive budget management practice of the sample hospital,it analyzes the current situation of comprehensive budget management of public hospitals,explores possible problems and solutions in the process of comprehensive budget management system construc-tion,and puts forward the general idea of comprehensive budget management system construction,specific steps and processes for implementation.In the process of the construction and innovation of the comprehensive budget management system,public hospitals in prefecture-level cities should adapt to local conditions,be goal-oriented,scientifically use various management tools,deeply deepen the concept of budget,promote the upgrading of information system,and finally form a four-part integrated system of bud-get,finance,cost and performance.

Focusing on the task requirements of high-quality development of public hospitals,based on literature research and comprehensive budget management practice of the sample hospital,it analyzes the current situation of comprehensive budget management of public hospitals,explores possible problems and solutions in the process of comprehensive budget management system construc-tion,and puts forward the general idea of comprehensive budget management system construction,specific steps and processes for implementation.In the process of the construction and innovation of the comprehensive budget management system,public hospitals in prefecture-level cities should adapt to local conditions,be goal-oriented,scientifically use various management tools,deeply deepen the concept of budget,promote the upgrading of information system,and finally form a four-part integrated system of bud-get,finance,cost and performance.

Focusing on the task requirements of high-quality development of public hospitals,based on literature research and comprehensive budget management practice of the sample hospital,it analyzes the current situation of comprehensive budget management of public hospitals,explores possible problems and solutions in the process of comprehensive budget management system construc-tion,and puts forward the general idea of comprehensive budget management system construction,specific steps and processes for implementation.In the process of the construction and innovation of the comprehensive budget management system,public hospitals in prefecture-level cities should adapt to local conditions,be goal-oriented,scientifically use various management tools,deeply deepen the concept of budget,promote the upgrading of information system,and finally form a four-part integrated system of bud-get,finance,cost and performance.

Focusing on the task requirements of high-quality development of public hospitals,based on literature research and comprehensive budget management practice of the sample hospital,it analyzes the current situation of comprehensive budget management of public hospitals,explores possible problems and solutions in the process of comprehensive budget management system construc-tion,and puts forward the general idea of comprehensive budget management system construction,specific steps and processes for implementation.In the process of the construction and innovation of the comprehensive budget management system,public hospitals in prefecture-level cities should adapt to local conditions,be goal-oriented,scientifically use various management tools,deeply deepen the concept of budget,promote the upgrading of information system,and finally form a four-part integrated system of bud-get,finance,cost and performance.

Focusing on the task requirements of high-quality development of public hospitals,based on literature research and comprehensive budget management practice of the sample hospital,it analyzes the current situation of comprehensive budget management of public hospitals,explores possible problems and solutions in the process of comprehensive budget management system construc-tion,and puts forward the general idea of comprehensive budget management system construction,specific steps and processes for implementation.In the process of the construction and innovation of the comprehensive budget management system,public hospitals in prefecture-level cities should adapt to local conditions,be goal-oriented,scientifically use various management tools,deeply deepen the concept of budget,promote the upgrading of information system,and finally form a four-part integrated system of bud-get,finance,cost and performance.

Focusing on the task requirements of high-quality development of public hospitals,based on literature research and comprehensive budget management practice of the sample hospital,it analyzes the current situation of comprehensive budget management of public hospitals,explores possible problems and solutions in the process of comprehensive budget management system construc-tion,and puts forward the general idea of comprehensive budget management system construction,specific steps and processes for implementation.In the process of the construction and innovation of the comprehensive budget management system,public hospitals in prefecture-level cities should adapt to local conditions,be goal-oriented,scientifically use various management tools,deeply deepen the concept of budget,promote the upgrading of information system,and finally form a four-part integrated system of bud-get,finance,cost and performance.