Objective: To explore impacts of sports games designed based on the information-motivation-behavioral skills model (IMB) on prosocial behavior in children with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) attending regular classes, so as to provide a theoretical basis for promoting the development of prosocial behavior in school age IDD children. Methods: From February to March 2023, 40 children with intellectual disabilities aged 8-9 who were enrolled in ordinary schools in Beijing were recruited by using WeChat parents to send messages. They were randomly divided into an experimental group (19 before intervention, 17 after intervention) and a control group (19 before intervention, 19 after intervention) by lottery method. During the study period, children in both groups received the same frequency and quality of regular physical activities. The experimental group, in addition, underwent a 13 week sports game intervention based on the IMB model, 4 times a week, each session lasting 50 minutes. The sports game intervention scheme based on IMB model was divided into two modules,including basic training and development training:low difficulty sports game intervention based on emotion recognition, and medium low difficulty and medium difficulty sports game intervention based on social training such as "prosocial". The Griffith Empathy Measure (GEM) and the Prosocial Behavior Scale for Adolescents (PBSA) were used to assess empathy ability and prosocial behavior levels of children in both groups before and after the intervention. Results: After intervention, the cognitive empathy dimension, emotional empathy dimension and total score of GEM in the experimental group (39.15±2.85, 38.54±1.94, 77.69±3.95) were higher than control group (32.18±4.18, 32.28± 4.28, 64.56±6.48) and before intervention (33.92±4.94, 31.30±4.61, 65.23±8.47), and the differences were statistically significant ( F =12.06, 6.99, 14.90; 8.95, 7.36, 13.22, P <0.05). After intervention, compliance with public welfare factors, trait factors and total score (31.33±1.97, 16.67±1.03, 71.83±2.93) were higher than control group (22.65±1.58, 12.59±0.71, 59.47± 2.18 ) and before intervention (22.00±1.27, 12.17±0.75, 58.00±1.67), and the differences were statistically significant ( F = 17.00 , 36.54, 12.71; 29.87, 13.09, 13.12, P <0.05). Conclusion Sports game intervention based on IMB model can effectively promote the development of prosocial behavior of children with IDD attending regular classes.

ObjectiveTo investigate the association of menopausal time and menopausal age with the risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease （NAFLD）， and to provide a basis for the early prevention and treatment of NAFLD in clinical practice. MethodsRelated data were collected from 373 postmenopausal women who attended the outpatient service of Department of Spleen， Stomach， Liver and Gallbladder Diseases， The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine， from January 2017 to December 2021， including general information， menopausal age， menopausal time， and presence or absence of NAFLD. The chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data； the independent-samples t test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between groups， and the Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data between groups. A Logistic regression analysis was used to calculate the association intensity and 95% confidence interval （95%CI） of menopausal time and menopausal age for the risk of NAFLD， and the restricted cubic spline （RCS） method was used to investigate the dose-response relationship between menopausal time/age and the risk of NAFLD. ResultsCompared with the women with normal menopause or late menopause， the women with early menopause had a higher prevalence rate of NAFLD and a higher degree of steatosis and fibrosis （all P<0.05）. After adjustment for the confounding factors such as age and age of menarche， the risk of NAFLD in women with a menopausal time of >3 years was 4.80 （95%CI： 1.93‍ ‍—‍‍ ‍11.95， P=0.001） times that in women with a menopausal time of ≤3 years， and the risk of NAFLD in women with early or late menopause was 8.14 times （95%CI： ‍1.77 ‍— ‍37.58， P=0.007） and 0.09 times （95%CI： 0.03 ‍— ‍0.32， P<0.001）， respectively， that in those with a normal menopausal age. There is a dose-response relationship between menopausal time/age and the risk of NAFLD. Menopausal time is positively correlated with the association intensity of NAFLD， while menopausal age is negatively correlated with the association intensity of NAFLD. ConclusionThe longer the menopause time and the earlier the menopause age， the ligher the risk of NAFLD.

Chemical cleaning and disinfection are crucial steps for eliminating infection in root canal treatment.However,irrigant selection or irrigation procedures are far from clear.The vapor lock effect in the apical region has yet to be solved,impeding irrigation efficacy and resulting in residual infections and compromised treatment outcomes.Additionally,ambiguous clinical indications for root canal medication and non-standardized dressing protocols must be clarified.Inappropriate intracanal medication may present side effects and jeopardize the therapeutic outcomes.Indeed,clinicians have been aware of these concerns for years.Based on the current evidence of studies,this article reviews the properties of various irrigants and intracanal medicaments and elucidates their effectiveness and interactions.The evolution of different kinetic irrigation methods,their effects,limitations,the paradigm shift,current indications,and effective operational procedures regarding intracanal medication are also discussed.This expert consensus aims to establish the clinical operation guidelines for root canal irrigation and a position statement on intracanal medication,thus facilitating a better understanding of infection control,standardizing clinical practice,and ultimately improving the success of endodontic therapy.

The overall health condition of patients significantly affects the diagnosis,treatment,and prognosis of endodontic diseases.A systemic consideration of the patient's overall health along with oral conditions holds the utmost importance in determining the necessity and feasibility of endodontic therapy,as well as selecting appropriate therapeutic approaches.This expert consensus is a collaborative effort by specialists from endodontics and clinical physicians across the nation based on the current clinical evidence,aiming to provide general guidance on clinical procedures,improve patient safety and enhance clinical outcomes of endodontic therapy in patients with compromised overall health.

Humans ; Aortic Valve/surgery* ; Retrospective Studies ; Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement ; Sex Factors ; Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation ; Treatment Outcome ; China ; Aortic Valve Stenosis/surgery* ; Risk Factors ; Risk Assessment

Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement/adverse effects* ; Risk Assessment ; China ; Prognosis ; Aortic Valve Stenosis/surgery* ; Treatment Outcome ; Risk Factors ; Aortic Valve

Objective : To explore the regulatory effects of ResolvinD1 (RVD1) on autophagy and apoptosis of cardiomyocytes in aging rats , and the effects of RVD1 on mitochondria⁃associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes (MAMs) of myocardial tissue . Methods : Thirty 18⁃month⁃old SD rats were randomly divided into model group , low⁃dose RVD1 group and high⁃dose RVD1 group , with 10 rats in each group , and another 10 6 ⁃month⁃old SD rats were selected as control group . The low⁃dose RVD1 group and high⁃dose RVD1 group were injected with 50 ng/ml and 100 ng/ml RVD1 through the tail vein , respectively , control group and model group were injected with the same amount of phosphate buffered saline (PBS) for 21 days . The β ⁃galactosidase activity of rat myocardial tissue was determined by p ⁃nitrophenol method , the histopathological changes of rat myocardial tissue were detected by hematoxylin⁃eosin (HE) staining , and the collagen deposition in rat myocardial tissue was observed by Masson staining , apoptosis of rat myocardial cells was detected by dUTP in situ end labeling mediated by terminal deoxynucleotide transferase(TUNEL) , the expression of autophagy marker microtubule⁃associated protein 3 (LC3) was detecotide transferase(TUNEL) , the expression of autophagy marker microtubule⁃associated protein 3 (LC3) was detected by immunohistochemical S ⁃P method , the ratio of LC3 ⁃ Ⅱ/LC3 ⁃ Ⅰ and the expression of Beclin⁃1 , p62 in rat myocardial tissue were determined by Western blot , the structure of MAMs in rat myocardial tissue was observed by transmission electron microscopy , the expression levels of glucose⁃regulatory protein 75 (GRP75) , volt⁃dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1) and mitochondrial fusion protein 2 (Mfn2) in rat myocardial tissue were determined by Western blot . Results : Compared with model group , β ⁃galactosidase activity of myocardial tissue decreased in low⁃dose RVD1 group and high⁃dose RVD1 group (P < 0. 05) , myocardial fiber breakage and myocardial cell damag were significantly alleviated , collagen fiber deposition was significantly reduced , and the proportion of TUNEL positive cells in myocardial tissue decreased (P < 0. 05) , the positive rate of LC3 protein increased (P < 0. 05) , the ratio of LC3 ⁃ Ⅱ/LC3 ⁃ Ⅰ increased , the relative expression level of Beclin⁃1 protein was up⁃regulated and the relative expression level of p62 protein was down⁃regulated ( P < 0. 05) , the structure of MAMs was tighter , and the percentage of MAMs in mitochondrial circumference also increased (P < 0. 05) , the relative protein expressions of GRP75 , VDAC1 and Mfn2 were up⁃regulated (P < 0. 05) . Compared with low⁃dose RVD1 group , β ⁃galactosidase activity in high⁃dose RVD1 group further decreased ( P < 0. 05) , no obvious damage was observed in myocardial tissue , collagen fiber deposition was further decreased , the proportion of TUNEL positive cells in myocardial tissue decreased (P < 0. 05 ) , and the positive rate of LC3 protein increased ( P < 0. 05 ) , LC3 ⁃ Ⅱ/LC3 ⁃ Ⅰ ratio increased , Beclin⁃1 relative expression level was up⁃regulated and p62 relative expression level was down⁃regulated (P < 0. 05) , the structure of MAMs was more compact , and their percentage in mitochondrial circumference further increased (P < 0. 05 ) , the relative expressions of GRP75 , VDAC1 and Mfn2 were further up⁃regulated ( P <0. 05) . Conclusion RVD1 can activate autophagy , alleviate myocardial apoptosis and collagen fiber deposition, and promote mitochondria⁃associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes in aging rats .

Objective:To explore the construction and effect of biobank in biological research in nursing field.Methods:Through the establishment of a biological research plan for nursing in Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, the biobank in biological research for nursing was constructed from aspects of biological samples, instruments and equipment, operating software, biobanking team formation, personnel training and standardized process formulation.Results:In August 2020, the Nursing Department and Central Laboratory of Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine established a biobank for biological research in the nursing field, formed a biobank team, conducted personnel training and formulated standardized procedures. From December 1, 2020 to June 30, 2021, biological samples were collected from 264 gastric cancer patients and 56 healthy controls, mainly including whole blood, serum and urine.Conclusions:The construction of biobank for biological research in nursing field can collect abundant biological samples, which lays a foundation for subsequent independent biological research in nursing field.

OBJECTIVE: To establish an improved mouse model of valproic acid (VPA)-induced autism that better mimics human autism. METHODS: We established mouse models of autism in female C57 mice by intraperitoneal injection of sodium valproate either at a single dose (600 mg/kg) on day 12.5 after conception (conventional group) or in two doses of 300 mg/kg each on days 10 and 12 after conception (modified group), and the control mice were injected with saline only on day 12.5. The responses of the mice to VPA injection, the uterus, mortality rate, and abortion rate were compared among the 3 groups. The morphology and development of the offspring mice were assessed, and their behavioral ontogeny was evaluated using 3- chambered social test, social test, juvenil play test, and open field test. RESULTS: The mortality and abortion rates were significantly lower in the modified model group than in the conventional group ( < 0.01). Compared with those in the control group, the offspring mice in both the conventional group and the modified group showed developmental disorders ( < 0.05). The mortality rate of the newborn mice was significantly lower in the modified group than in the conventional group with a rate of curvy tail of up to 100% ( < 0.001). The offspring mice in both the modified group and conventional group exhibited autism-like behavioral abnormalities, including social disorder and repetitive stereotyped behavior ( < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The mouse model of autism established using the modified method better mimics human autism with reduced mortality and abortion rates of the pregnant mice and also decreased mortality rate of the newborn mice.
Animals ; Autistic Disorder ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Mice ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects ; Valproic Acid

Objective To explore the effect of timosaponin B-II ( TB-II) on the differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) into tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) positive neurons in neonatal rats. Methods The biological functions of self-proliferation and multi-differentiation of NSCs were identified by primary culture, cell proliferation counting,morphological observation and immunology. NSCs of SD rats were cultured in vitro and treated with different concentrations of TB-II (10 μg/ml,30 μg/ml ,100 μg/ml) for 7 days. Immuno-histochemistry was used to detect the effect of TB-II on the differentiation of NSCs into TH-positive neurons, and Western blot was used to detect the expression of TH protein in neurons. Results ( 1) The cultured cells had the ability to self-proliferation,expressed nestin protein and differentiated into neurons and glial cells. So the cultured cells were conformed to the biological function of neural stem cells. (2)Compared with the control group,the TH positive cell ratio of TB-II 30 μg/ml group and TB-II 100 μg/ml group increased ((10. 03± 1. 36)%),( 20. 01± 3. 37)%),(31. 32± 3. 98)%) ,the difference was significant ( t=6. 15, 16. 54,both P<0. 05). There was no significant difference between TB-II 10 μg/ml group and control group (P>0. 05). (3)Western results showed that the relative expression of TH protein in TB-II 30 g/ml group and TB-II 100 μg/ml group was higher than that in control group,the difference was statistically significant (con-trol group: (1. 02±0. 24),TB-II 30μg/ml group: (3. 64±1. 78),TB-II 100 μg/ml group: (5. 88±2. 34);t=12. 58,9. 15,both P<0. 05). There was no significant difference between TB-II 10 μg/ml group and con-trol group (P>0. 05). Conclusion TB-II can promote the differentiation of NSCs into TH-positive neurons.