ObjectiveTo investigate and analyze an outbreak of rotavirus infectious diarrhea in a prison in Chongqing Municipality, to provide a basis for adult rotavirus surveillance and prevention, and to explore the public health problems in special settings. MethodsA retrospective survey was conducted to collect and analyze data on individual cases with diarrheal disease on-site. The clinical characteristics, as well as the temporal, spatial and geographical distribution patterns of the epidemic were described. Multi-pathogen detection tests were conducted both on diarrhea cases and environmental samples, with viral genotyping performed on positive samples. A case-control analysis was performed to identify the causes of the outbreak, and an SEIR model was adopted to predict the outbreak trend and evaluate the effectiveness of interventions. ResultsA total of 65 cases were found among the inmates, with an attack rate of 2.03%. The predominant clinical manifestations included diarrhea (89.23%), watery stool (73.85%), and dehydration (18.46%). The epidemic curve indicated a “human-to-human” transmission pattern, with an average incubation period of 5‒6 days. The attack rates among chefs in the main canteen (80.00%, 8/10) and caterers (28.33%, 17/60) were significantly higher than those of other inmates （P<0.05）. Multi-pathogen polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing detected positive for group A rotavirus, with the viral genotyping identified as G9P [8] strain. Factors such as unprotected "bare-handed" food distribution among cases with diarrhea (OR=9.512, 95%CI: 4.261‒21.234) and close contact with diarrhea cases (OR=3.656, 95%CI: 1.719‒7.778) were the possible cause of the outbreak. The SEIR model (r₀=5, α=0.3, β₁=0.08, β₂=0.04) was constructed using prison inmates as susceptible population, aiming at fitting the initial transmission trend of the outbreak, and the epidemic rate declined rapidly after intervention measures were implemented (r_t≈0). ConclusionThis rare rotavirus infection diarrhea outbreak among adults in confined settings suggests that the construction of public health prevention and control systems in prison may be overlooked. Cross infection during meal processing and distribution in the canteens of such settings is likely to be the cause of the outbreak. Given the potential neglect of public heath system construction in special settings, it is imperative to enhance the surveillance and monitoring of rotavirus and other intestinal multi-pathogens among adults, as well as the construction of public health prevention and control systems in these special settings.

Empathy is crucial for communication and survival for individuals. Whether empathy in pain contagion shows sex differences and its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we report that pain contagion can occur in stranger female rats, but not in stranger males. Blocking oxytocin receptors in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) suppressed pain contagion in female strangers, while oxytocin administration induced pain contagion in male strangers. In vitro, corticosterone reduces neuronal activation by oxytocin. During male stranger interactions, higher corticosterone decreased oxytocin receptor-positive neuronal activity in the ACC, suppressing pain contagion. These findings highlight the role of oxytocin in pain contagion and suggest that sex differences in empathy may be determined by the balance of oxytocin and corticosterone in the ACC. This study suggests an approach for the treatment of certain mental disorders associated with abnormal empathy, such as autism and depression.
Animals ; Oxytocin/pharmacology* ; Gyrus Cinguli/drug effects* ; Male ; Female ; Corticosterone/pharmacology* ; Empathy/drug effects* ; Sex Characteristics ; Receptors, Oxytocin/antagonists & inhibitors* ; Pain/psychology* ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Neurons/metabolism*

Objective:To summarize the best evidence for the prevention and management of radiation esophagitis in patients with chest tumors, so as to provide basis for the prevention and management of radiation esophagitis in patients.Methods:The research question was proposed based on the population, intervention, professional, outcome, setting and type of evidence (PIPOST) model, and guidelines, expert consensus, clinical decision-making, evidence summary, systematic review, and randomized controlled trials on the prevention and management of radiation esophagitis in chest tumor patients were systematically searched on UpToDate, BMJ Best Practice, Cochrane Library, PubMed, American Society of Clinical Oncology, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WanFang Data, and other databases and websites based on the "6S" model. The search period was from database establishment to August 1, 2023. Two researchers independently evaluated the quality of the literature and extracted and integrated evidence from the literature that met the quality standards.Results:A total of ten articles were included, including three guidelines, one expert consensus, one systematic review, two systematic evaluations, and three randomized controlled trials. Twenty-three pieces of evidence were summarized from six dimensions of building multidisciplinary teams, screening and evaluation, nutritional support, drug and non-drug prevention, integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine treatment, and health education.Conclusions:The included evidence can provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and management of radiation esophagitis in patients undergoing chest tumor radiotherapy. Clinical medical and nursing personnel can provide personalized interventions to patients based on clinical practice.

Objective To explore the construction method and physicochemical properties of disulfide?bonded hyaluronic acid?functionalized sodium?meter probe for hepatocellular carcinoma, and its biological evaluation in vitro and feasibility of MRI. Methods Synthesis of hyaluronic acid?disulfide?bonded?poly ε?caprolactone (HA?SS?PCL) by disulfide?bonded alkynyl?terminated polycaprolacton (alkyne?SS?PCL) and azido?terminated hyaluronic acid (HA?N3) by clicking chemical reaction, then doxorubicin (DOX) and superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) were encapsulated in HA?SS?PCL core by dialysis method.HA?SS?PCL@DOX/SPIO was prepared and its particle size,DOX and SPIO loading rate were measured. With PBS as control group, the safety of HA?SS?PCL on human hepatocellular carcinoma cells HepG2 and normal liver cells LO2 was evaluated by the methylthiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay, and the cytotoxicity of HA?PCL@DOX/SPIO and HA?SS?PCL@DOX/SPIO on human hepatocellular carcinoma cells HepG2 was evaluated. Immunofluorescence and flow cytometry were used to observe the expression of CD44 receptor on the surface of HepG2 cells in HA?PCL@DOX/SPIO and HA?SS?PCL@DOX/SPIO groups. Through in vitro MRI, PBS was used as the control group to observe the changes of T2 signal intensity of HA?PCL@DOX/SPIO and HA?SS?PCL@DOX/SPIO groups when SPIO concentration was 10, 20, 40, 80 μg / ml. One way ANOVA test and t test were used. Results HA?SS?PCL@DOX / SPIO sodium?meter probes were successfully constructed. The particle size of HA?SS?PCL@DOX/SPIO was (126.9±6.3) nm,and they were spherical with uniform size. The loading rates of DOX and SPIO were 61.4% and 58.7%. MTT assay showed that the survival rate of HepG2 and LO2 cells was more than 80% even at 500 μg/ml of HA?SS?PCL, 66.6% in HA?PCL@DOX/SPIO group and 55.2% in HA?SS?PCL@DOX/SPIO group. Immunofluorescence and flow cytometry showed that HA?PCL@DOX/SPIO and HA?SS?PCL@DOX/SPIO groups all have strong fluorescence, and the latter has stronger fluorescence intensity the former fluorescence intensity was 139.70±8.52,less than the latter 245.06±13.21. In vitro MRI showed that the T2 signal intensity of HA?PCL@DOX/SPIO and HA?SS?PCL@DOX/SPIO was significantly lower than that of the control group (F values were 613.591 and 569.234,P=0.000), the latter decline rate was more significant. Conclusion The disulfide?bonded hyaluronic acid?functionalized sodium?meter probe for hepatocellular carcinoma has excellent physicochemical properties, good targeting and MRI functions on human hepatoma cell HepG2 at the cellular level in vitro.

Objective To preliminarily explore the anti?cancer efficiency of disulfide?bonded hyaluronic acid?functionalized targeted sodium?meter probe for hepatocellular carcinoma and the feasibility of MRI. Methods Twenty?one nude mice models of subcutaneous liver cancer transplantation were randomly divided into saline, hyaluronic acid?poly ε?caprolactone@ doxorubicin/superparamagnetic iron oxide (HA?PCL@DOX/SPIO) and HA?disulfide?bonded?PCL@DOX/SPIO (HA?SS?PCL@DOX/SPIO) groups, with 7 mice in each group. The experimental groups were injected with micelles at a dose of Fe 5 mg/kg through the tail vein, and the control group was injected with the same amount of saline via the tail vein. MRI was performed before and after injection (2 h, 4 h, 8 h). The T2 value of the region of interest (tumor) was measured and its decline rate was calculated. Twenty?one nude mice models of orthotopic liver cancer transplantation were randomly divided into saline group,HA?PCL@DOX/SPIO and HA?SS?PCL@DOX/SPIO groups, with 7 mice in each group. The experimental groups were injected with micelles at a dose of DOX 2 mg/kg through the tail vein by three consecutive times a day apart, and the control group was injected with the same amount of saline through the tail vein. Continuous observation for 15 days to calculate tumor inhibition rate. One way ANOVA test was used. Results The T2 value of HA?SS?PCL@DOX/SPIO group decreased significantly after 2, 4 and 8 hours (P<0.05) than initial time, which was distinct compared with HA?PCL@DOX/SPIO group. The growth rate of tumor in HA?SS?PCL@DOX/SPIO and HA?PCL@DOX/SPIO groups was significantly lower than that in the control group (F=21.513,P<0.05). The former had the most obvious inhibitory effect on orthotopic liver cancer (47.7% and 28.2%). Conclusion Disulfide?bonded hyaluronic acid?functionalized targeted sodium?meter probe for hepatocellular carcinoma(HA?SS?PCL@DOX/SPIO) has high anti?cancer efficiency and imaging function at the animal level in vivo, and can be used to monitor the early therapeutic effect of tumor at the molecular imaging level.

Objective To discuss the surgical method and efficacy of adult Dandy-Walker syndrome ( DWS) through retrospective anal-ysis and literature review .Methods There were 3 cases of adult DWS in our hospital from August 2010 to August 2011.One case of them was given posterior cranial fossa cyst peritoneal shunt , and the surgery adopted ordinary high voltage shunt .Case 2 was given left side of the lateral ventricle peritoneal shunt , and the surgery adopted ordinary high voltage shunt .Case 3 was given posterior cranial fossa cyst peritoneal shunt combined with left side of the lateral ventricle peritoneal shunt , and the surgery adopted double-end high voltage shunt .The two ends of the shunt were respectively linked with the diverter valve and abdominal cavity drainage tube through T -branch pipe .Results Among the 3 patients, there was 1 case failed to ease the headache symptoms , and it was relieved one month later .The preoperative symptoms of the oth-er 2 cases disappeared immediately after the surgery .During the 4 years of follow-up,preoperative symptoms of the 3 patients disappeared , and there was no positive signs .Conclusion For adult patients with symptomatic DWS ,shunt surgery can eliminate symptoms ,relieve the tension of the posterior fossa cyst ,achieve good curative effect , and there was no surgical complication .

Background and purpose:Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is with high invasion, poor prognosis and lack of usefull treatment. This study investigated expression status of ICAM-1 protein in TNBC in order to explore its relationship with clinicopathological features and outcome in patients.Methods:Fifty-nine tissue samples of TNBC were collected while 50 cases of para-carcinoma tissue samples were used as negative controls. Immunohistochemical staining was conducted to detect expression level of ICAM-1 protein. The relationship of ICAM-1 protein expression with clinicopathological features (age, tumor size, subtype, grade, status of lymph node metastasis, TNM stage, vascular tumor thrombus, nerve inifltration, Ki-67, p53 and E-cadherin expression) and outcome in patients were analyzed.Results:The ICAM-1 protein expression of TNBC was signiifcantly higher than that in adjacent tissues (P=0.000). ICAM-1 expression was related to status of lymph node metastasis, grade and TNM stage (with aP-value of 0.036, 0.027 and 0.048, respectively), while demonstrated an undeifned relationship with tumor size, subtype, vascular tumor thrombus and expression of Ki-67, p53 and E-cadherin. The disease-free survival (DFS) of ICAM-1 high expression set was shorter than that of the lower one but has nothing to do with overall survival (OS). In addition, Cox proportional hazards model showed that ICAM-1 expression and lymph node metastasis were independent risk factors of DFS in patients (HR=3.2, 95%CI: 1.6 to 6.4, HR=2.7, 95%CI: 1.28 to 5.9,P<0.05).Conclusion:ICAM-1 could serve as a predictive factor for differentiation status of TNBC. The high expression of ICAM-1 in TNBC may indicate poorer prognosis.

To investigate the clinical characteristics,diagnosis and treatment of intrahepatic biliary cystadenoma,a total of 7 patients with intrahepatic biliary cystadenoma admitted in our department from January 2008 to June 2013 were enrolled and the clinical data (i.e.clinical manifestations,imaging features and surgical treatment) were analyzed retrospectively.All the 7 patients were female and diagnosed as intrahepatic biliary cystadenoma.Five cases complained right upper abdominal pain of various severities.Color Doppler ultrasound,CT and MRI confirmed the diagnosis in all patients.The surgery included irregular fight hepatectomy (n =2),left lateral lobe hepatectomy (n =3),and left hepatectomy (n =2).Patients with intrahepatic biliary cystadenoma usually manifest nonspecific clinical symptoms,and thus are prone to be misdiagnosed as simple hepatic cysts.For such patients,surgery is of first choice,and complete resection is the key to avoiding the recurrence and malignancy.