Farrerol is a dihydroflavone compound extracted from the dried leaves of Rhododendron dauricum belonging to the Ericaceae family. This article systematically reviews relevant research on farrerol both domestically and internationally， summarizes its pharmacological activities and mechanisms of action， and finds that it exerts cardiovascular and cerebrovascular protective effects by maintaining the homeostasis of vascular endothelial function and inhibiting vascular intimal hyperplasia； exerts renal protective effects by activating the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 （Nrf2） signaling pathway to reduce renal damage； exerts liver protective effects by inhibiting the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathway， activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway， improving insulin resistance， and reducing lipid deposition in the liver； exerts neuroprotective effects by activating the Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway， inhibiting the Toll-like receptor 4 and cyclic GMP-AMP synthase/stimulator of interferon genes signaling pathways to reduce neuroinflammatory damage； exerts bone protective effects by promoting tendon formation and inhibiting osteoclast differentiation； exerts antitumor effects by inducing tumor cell apoptosis and weakening tumor cell invasion and metastasis； and exerts antibacterial effects by downregulating α -toxin expression， interfering with β -lactamase/penicillin-binding protein 2a （PBP2a）， and inhibiting PBP2a oligomerization. Currently， research on the pharmacological effects of farrerol is still mainly focused on animal and cell experiments. Further mechanistic studies and clinical trials are needed to provide theoretical basis for its new drug development and clinical application.

Farrerol is a dihydroflavone compound extracted from the dried leaves of Rhododendron dauricum belonging to the Ericaceae family. This article systematically reviews relevant research on farrerol both domestically and internationally， summarizes its pharmacological activities and mechanisms of action， and finds that it exerts cardiovascular and cerebrovascular protective effects by maintaining the homeostasis of vascular endothelial function and inhibiting vascular intimal hyperplasia； exerts renal protective effects by activating the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 （Nrf2） signaling pathway to reduce renal damage； exerts liver protective effects by inhibiting the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathway， activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway， improving insulin resistance， and reducing lipid deposition in the liver； exerts neuroprotective effects by activating the Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway， inhibiting the Toll-like receptor 4 and cyclic GMP-AMP synthase/stimulator of interferon genes signaling pathways to reduce neuroinflammatory damage； exerts bone protective effects by promoting tendon formation and inhibiting osteoclast differentiation； exerts antitumor effects by inducing tumor cell apoptosis and weakening tumor cell invasion and metastasis； and exerts antibacterial effects by downregulating α -toxin expression， interfering with β -lactamase/penicillin-binding protein 2a （PBP2a）， and inhibiting PBP2a oligomerization. Currently， research on the pharmacological effects of farrerol is still mainly focused on animal and cell experiments. Further mechanistic studies and clinical trials are needed to provide theoretical basis for its new drug development and clinical application.

Shewanella putrefaciens(S.putrefaciens)is an opportunistic pathogen,which rarely causes pulmo-nary infection in clinic.This article reports a case with fever and expectoration as the primary clinical manifestations on the basis of diabetes.It was confirmed as S.putrefaciens infection by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry(MALDI-TOF MS).Relevant literature from China and abroad was reviewed sys-tematically.High-risk factors,clinical manifestations,diagnosis,and drug treatment of infection caused by this pathogen were summarized,so as to improve the understanding on this pathogen and provide reference for the for-mulation of anti-infection programs.

Shewanella putrefaciens(S.putrefaciens)is an opportunistic pathogen,which rarely causes pulmo-nary infection in clinic.This article reports a case with fever and expectoration as the primary clinical manifestations on the basis of diabetes.It was confirmed as S.putrefaciens infection by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry(MALDI-TOF MS).Relevant literature from China and abroad was reviewed sys-tematically.High-risk factors,clinical manifestations,diagnosis,and drug treatment of infection caused by this pathogen were summarized,so as to improve the understanding on this pathogen and provide reference for the for-mulation of anti-infection programs.

OBJECTIVE To study the effect of different doses of aspirin on clinical efficacy in acute stage of Kawasaki’s disease, and to explore the optimal dose of aspirin. METHODS A total of 150 patients suffered from Kawasaki’s disease were randomly selected by hospital information system from March to May 2022 for retrospective analysis. According to different doses of aspirin, they were divided into three groups: high dose group(>50 mg·kg−1·d−1), medium dose group(30−50 mg·kg−1·d−1) and low dose group(<30 mg·kg−1·d−1). The antipyretic time, the incidence of non-response to intravenous human immunoglobulin, the improvement of laboratory indexes and prevalence of adverse drug reaction were compared among the three groups. RESULTS There was no significant difference in body temperature recovery among the three groups under different doses of aspirin. There was no significant difference in patients with non-response to intravenous human immunoglobulin among the three groups. Before treatment, there were no significant differences in white blood cell(WBC) count, blood platelet(PLT) count and C-reactive protein(CRP) concentration among the three groups. After treatment, the count of WBC, PLT and CRP in the three groups was significantly improved compared with that before treatment, and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the above indexes among the three groups after treatment. There was a higher incidence of adverse reactions in children treated with medium or high dose aspirin. CONCLUSION Different doses of aspirin combined with intravenous human immunoglobulin have good therapeutic effect on Kawasaki’s disease, but considering the safety and economy of aspirin, low dose administration is recommended.

Objective:To explore the clinical characteristics of anaphylaxis caused by gonadorelin in children in gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) stimulation test.Methods:The research subjects were children aged ≤14 years who experienced anaphylaxis using gonadorelin in the Chengdu Adverse Reaction Center database from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2021. The purpose of medication was GnRH stimulation test. Through the hospital information system, the children′s basic information, usage of gonadorelin, occurrence of severe allergic reactions, and treatments and outcomes of anaphylaxis were collected and retrospectively analyzed.Results:A total of 14 cases of anaphylaxis in children caused by gonadorelin in the GnRH stimulation test were collected, including 3 males and 14 females, with an age of (9±2) years. All 14 cases were evaluated with a score of ≥5 using the Naranjo evaluation method. The dose of gonadorelin in the 14 children was (2.55±0.09) μg/kg and the drug was all given by intravenously injection; anaphylaxis occurred in 4 children during the first GnRH stimulation test and in 10 children during the second GnRH stimulation test. The time from medication to anaphylaxis occurence was (6.0±3.5) minutes. The symptoms of anaphylaxis in 14 children were systemic allergic reactions, involving various systems throughout the body. All children had 3 or more types of systemic damage. After anaphylaxis occurrence, gonadorelin was discontinued in all 14 patients; 5 received intramuscular injection of adrenaline, 5 received intravenous injection of adrenaline, 1 received intravenous injection of isoprenaline and intramuscular injection of adrenaline, and 3 received intravenous injection of dexamethasone only. After treatments, all children were improved.Conclusions:Anaphylaxis caused by gonadorelin in children is a rare but severe adverse reaction, and the drug may have a possibility of cross allergy with GnRH analogues. Therefore, when diagnosing and treating precocious puberty in children, medication should be given under monitoring conditions.

Objective:To explore the clinical characteristics of anaphylaxis caused by gonadorelin in children in gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) stimulation test.Methods:The research subjects were children aged ≤14 years who experienced anaphylaxis using gonadorelin in the Chengdu Adverse Reaction Center database from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2021. The purpose of medication was GnRH stimulation test. Through the hospital information system, the children′s basic information, usage of gonadorelin, occurrence of severe allergic reactions, and treatments and outcomes of anaphylaxis were collected and retrospectively analyzed.Results:A total of 14 cases of anaphylaxis in children caused by gonadorelin in the GnRH stimulation test were collected, including 3 males and 14 females, with an age of (9±2) years. All 14 cases were evaluated with a score of ≥5 using the Naranjo evaluation method. The dose of gonadorelin in the 14 children was (2.55±0.09) μg/kg and the drug was all given by intravenously injection; anaphylaxis occurred in 4 children during the first GnRH stimulation test and in 10 children during the second GnRH stimulation test. The time from medication to anaphylaxis occurence was (6.0±3.5) minutes. The symptoms of anaphylaxis in 14 children were systemic allergic reactions, involving various systems throughout the body. All children had 3 or more types of systemic damage. After anaphylaxis occurrence, gonadorelin was discontinued in all 14 patients; 5 received intramuscular injection of adrenaline, 5 received intravenous injection of adrenaline, 1 received intravenous injection of isoprenaline and intramuscular injection of adrenaline, and 3 received intravenous injection of dexamethasone only. After treatments, all children were improved.Conclusions:Anaphylaxis caused by gonadorelin in children is a rare but severe adverse reaction, and the drug may have a possibility of cross allergy with GnRH analogues. Therefore, when diagnosing and treating precocious puberty in children, medication should be given under monitoring conditions.

Magnetic anchoring and traction technique is one of the core technologies of magnetic surgery. With the "non-contact" traction force of the outer magnet on the inner magnet, we can drive the inner magnet and the gripper to multiple directions, and pull tissue or organ to required position in operations, so as to get a clearer surgical field of view. On the basis of the previous animal experiments, we applied magnetic anchoring and traction device in 3 human (males aged 63-71 years) thoracoscopic esophagectomies. Using the magnetic anchoring device, we could pull the esophagus dorsally or ventrally to assist in exposing the anatomical plane without special equipment or pleural puncture for retraction of the esophagus. The interference between operating instruments reduced. The mean blood loss in operation was 83 mL, the mean total operation time was 253 min and the mean length of hospital stay was 10 d. Postoperative follow-up showed that all 3 patients had good short-term prognosis. There was no swellling or pain in magnetic anchoring zone of chest wall.

Alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.)is the most important legume forage crop worldwide with high nutritional value and yield.For a long time,the breeding of alfalfa was hampered by lacking reliable information on the autotetraploid genome and molecular markers linked to important agro-nomic traits.We herein reported the de novo assembly of the allele-aware chromosome-level genome of Zhongmu-4,a cultivar widely cultivated in China,and a comprehensive database of genomic variations based on resequencing of 220 germplasms.Approximate 2.74 Gb contigs(N50 of 2.06 Mb),accounting for 88.39％of the estimated genome,were assembled,and 2.56 Gb contigs were anchored to 32 pseudo-chromosomes.A total of 34,922 allelic genes were identified from the allele-aware genome.We observed the expansion of gene families,especially those related to the nitrogen metabolism,and the increase of repetitive elements including transposable elements,which probably resulted in the increase of Zhongmu-4 genome compared with Medicago truncatula.Population structure analysis revealed that the accessions from Asia and South America had rela-tively lower genetic diversity than those from Europe,suggesting that geography may influence alfalfa genetic divergence during local adaption.Genome-wide association studies identified 101 sin-gle nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)associated with 27 agronomic traits.Two candidate genes were predicted to be correlated with fall dormancy and salt response.We believe that the allele-aware chromosome-level genome sequence of Zhongmu-4 combined with the resequencing data of the diverse alfalfa germplasms will facilitate genetic research and genomics-assisted breeding in variety improvement of alfalfa.

Objective    To verify the feasibility of a self-designed magnetic anchoring and traction device (MATD) for assisting two-port video-assisted thoracoscopic esophagectomy. Methods    Three Beagle dogs were selected as animal models with age ranging from 1-6 years and weight ranging from 8-12 kg, and they underwent two-port video-assisted thoracoscopic esophagectomy after general anesthesia. We used the MATD to retract the esophagus to different directions, which assisted mobilizing esophagus, detecting the nerves along esophagus and dissecting paraesophagus lymph nodes. The operation time, blood loss and feasibility of the MATD were recorded. Results    With the aid of the MATD, we successfully retracted and mobilized the esophagus, detected the nerves and dissected the lymph nodes in three Beagle dog models. During the operation, the MATD provided sufficient and steady traction of esophagus to achieve a good exposure of the operative field, effectively decreasing the interference between working instruments. The MATD worked well. The mean operation time was 30 min, and the mean intraoperative blood loss was about 10 mL. Conclusion    It is effective to use the MATD to assist retracting esophagus during video-assisted thoracoscopic esophagectomy. The magnetic anchoring and traction technique can assist to expose the surgical field, decrease the interference between the working instruments and have the potential clinical application.