Objective To explore the expression of coagulation indexes in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and dry syndrome (pSS) and their relationships with inflammation and immune function. Methods A total of 61 patients with RA who were hospitalized in the Department of Rheumatology of Anhui Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from March 12 to September 9, 2024 were selected as the RA group. And 61 patients with pSS who were hospitalized in the Department of Rheumatology of the same hospital September 4, 2023, to August 17, 2024, were selected as the pSS group. 61 healthy individuals who underwent routine medical checkups at the Physical Examination Center of Anhui Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine during the same period were included as the control group. Baseline clinical indexes before treatment were collected from patients in each group, including prothrombin time(PT), international normalized ratio(INR), thrombia time(TT), fibrinogen(FBG), activated partial thromboplastin time(APTT), fibrin (ogen) degradation products(FDP) and D-Dimer(D-D). Results The expression levels of PT, FBG, TT, FDP, and D-D in the RA group, the pSS group, and the normal group were significantly different. The expression levels of PT, FBG, FDP, and D-D in the RA group were all higher than those in the pSS group and the control group, respectively. And the expression level of TT in the pSS group was lower than that in control group. ROC curve analysis showed that the AUC of PT was 0.638, the AUC of FBG was 0.899, the AUC of FDP was 0.866, and the AUC of D-D was 0.919 in the RA group compared with the normal group. And the AUC of coagulation indexes for joint diagnosis of RA was higher than that of the indexes detected individually. pSS group had an AUC of PT of 0.618 compared with that of the normal group. The AUC of TT was 0.645, and the AUC of coagulation indexes for the joint diagnosis of pSS was higher than the AUC of each index detected separately. Association rule analysis showed that elevated D-D in RA patients had a significant correlation with elevated hs-CRP, CCP and RF, and elevated FBG had a significant correlation with elevated hs-CRP, ESR, RF and CCP. Elevated D-D in pSS patients had a correlation with elevated hs-CRP and anti-SSA, and elevated INR has correlation with elevated hs-CRP, anti-SSA and anti-SSB. Correlation analysis showed that PT, INR, FBG, FDP, and D-D were positively correlated with CRP and ESR, and TT was negatively correlated with CRP and ESR in the RA group. FBG, FDP, and D-D were positively correlated with CRP and ESR in the pSS group. Moreover, coagulation indexes were positively correlated with immune indexes in RA group and pSS group which were all significant. The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that FBG was a positive correlate of hs-CRP and ESR in RA patients. For PSS patients, FBG and FDP were positive correlates of hs-CRP. APTT and FBG were positive correlates of ESR. Conclusion Compared with pSS, coagulation indexes (especially PT, FBG, FDP and D-D) are more informative for the early diagnosis of RA and the judgment of the degree of the disease, and can be used as an important predictor for the confirmation of the diagnosis of RA.
Humans ; Female ; Male ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid/diagnosis* ; Middle Aged ; Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products/analysis* ; Blood Coagulation ; Adult ; Fibrinogen/metabolism* ; Partial Thromboplastin Time ; Prothrombin Time ; Aged ; Inflammation/immunology* ; ROC Curve

Objective:To construct a risk classification model for adverse events of medical consumables,so as to achieve automatic evaluation for risk level of such events,and enhance the capability for risk management of adverse events of medical consumables,and ensure the safety of medical apparatuses.Methods:The data of adverse events of medical consumables of 370 cases of 148 types that were reported by Shandong Provincial Third Hospital from 2020 to 2023 were selected,and they were divided into high-risk and low-risk types.Eight key factors of them,which included the number of cases,injury level,type of registration certificate,with source and without source,high-value and low-value,domestic and imports,product classification,and risk levels,were counted to form a dataset.K-nearest neighbor(KNN),support vector machine(SVM)and decision tree algorithms in machine learning were used to construct a risk classification model for adverse events of medical consumables.The data of 12 adverse events of medical consumables of 5 types of our hospital,which were newly reported in 2024,were integrated for their parameters.Then,the accuracy rate and prediction performance of the model were further analyzed.Results:By comparing the KNN,SVM and decision tree algorithm models,the effect of SVM algorithm model was better,and its accuracy rate was 90.54%,and its area under curve(AUC)value of the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was 0.944,and its Kolmogorov-Smirnov(KS)test value was 0.808.The model had favorable predictive performance.The results,that invoked SVM algorithm model to conduct verification of actual prediction for 12 adverse events of medical consumables of 5 types,indicated it was same between predictive outcomes and risk levels of manual evaluation.Conclusion:The risk classification model of adverse events of medical consumables has established an operational model for assessing the risk level of such events,which can assist monitoring personnel for adverse event of medical apparatuses to quickly and accurately find risk signals of adverse events of medical consumables,and improve the monitoring capability of them for these adverse events.

Objective To investigate the intervention mechanism of Bushen Zhupai Decoction on polycystic ovary syndrome rats with insulin resistance based on IL-6/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway Methods A rat model of polycystic ovary syndrome with insulin resistance was established by feeding high-fat diet combined with oral administration of letrozole,and the blank group was fed with ordinary diet.The modeled rats were randomly divided into model group,metformin group and Bushen Zhupai Decoction low-,medium-and high-dosage groups.The corresponding intervention were given for 28 days.Fasting blood glucose(FBG)content was detected,and insulin resistance index(HOMA-IR)was calculated.ELISA was used to detect serum fasting insulin(FINS),testosterone(T),estradiol(E2),luteinizing hormone(LH)and follicle stimulating hormone(FSH)contents.HE staining was used to observe the morphology of ovarian tissue.Immunohistochemistry was used to detected the expressions of interleukin(IL)-6,p-PI3K,p-AKT and GLUT4 in ovarian tissue.Western blot was used to detect the protein expressions of IL-6,PI3K,p-PI3K,AKT,p-AKT and GLUT4 in ovarian tissue,while RT-PCR was used to detect the mRNA expressions of IL-6,PI3K,AKT and GLUT4.Results Compared with the blank group,the body mass,FBG,FINS and serum T and LH contents of the model group rats significantly increased(P<0.01),while the serum E2 and FSH contents significantly decreased(P<0.01);ovarian tissue showed polycystic changes,with reduced layers and loose arrangement of granulosa cells,the expression of IL-6 protein and mRNA in ovarian tissue significantly increased(P<0.01),the expressions of p-PI3K,p-AKT and GLUT4 proteins significantly decreased(P<0.01),and the expressions of PI3K,AKT and GLUT4 mRNA significantly decreased(P<0.01).Compared with the model group,the body mass of rats in each administration group decreased,and the contents of FBG,FINS and serum T and LH decreased(P<0.01,P<0.05),while the contents of E2 and FSH increased;polycystic changes in ovarian tissue were reduced,mature follicles increased,and granulosa cells were tightly arranged,the expression of IL-6 protein and mRNA in ovarian tissue decreased,the expressions of p-PI3K,p-AKT,GLUT4 protein and PI3K,AKT,GLUT4 mRNA increased.Bushen Zhupai Decoction high-dosage group showed statistical significance(P<0.01).Conclusion Bushen Zhupai Decoction can improve reproductive and metabolic disorders in polycystic ovary syndrome with insulin resistance rats,and its mechanism may be related to inhibiting IL-6 expression,activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway,and alleviating insulin resistance.

Objective To observe the effects of Hedysarum Polybotrys polysaccharide(HPS)on the glucose metabolism of small intestinal smooth muscle in rats with diabetic gastroparesis(DGP)of spleen qi deficiency syndrome;To explore its mechanism based on AMPK/GLUT4 signaling pathway.Methods Totally 72 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 12 in the blank group and the remaining 60 rats were assigned to the model group.The DGP spleen qi deficiency syndrome model was replicated by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin+irregular feeding with high-fat and high sugar feed combined with swimming exhaustion method.The model rats were randomly divided into model group,metformin group and HPS high-,medium-and low-dosage groups.The metformin group was given 100 mg/kg metformin hydrochloride by gavage,while the HPS high-,medium-and low-dosage groups were given 200,100 and 50 mg/kg HPS by gavage,respectively.The blank group and model group were given purified water by gavage once a day for 8 consecutive weeks.The gastric emptying rate and small intestine propulsion rate in rats were detected,HE staining was used to observe the smooth muscle morphology of gastric antrum and ileal tissue,immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the expression of glucagon like peptide-1(GLP-1)in ileal tissue,ELISA was used to detect the contents of adiponectin(APN),glucagon(Glu)and insulin(INS)in serum,Western blot was used to detect the protein expressions of glucose transporter(GLUT)4,GLUT1,AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK)and p-AMPK in ileal tissue.Results Compared with the blank group,the model group rats showed significantly increased random blood glucose,significantly decreased body mass,gastric emptying rate and small intestinal propulsion rate(P<0.01);the edema in the submucosal layer,loose arrangement of connective tissue,infiltration of a small number of lymphocytes,granulocytes and macrophages,reduced number of goblet cells in the ileal tissue,shedding of intestinal villous epithelial cells and widening of the gap between the submucosal layer and the lamina propria;the expression of GLP-1 in ileal tissue was significantly decreased(P<0.05),the contents of serum APN and INS were significantly decreased,and the content of Glu significantly increased(P<0.01),the expressions of GLUT4 and p-AMPK/AMPK proteins in ileal tissue were significantly decreased,while the expression of GLUT1 protein significantly increased(P<0.01).Compared with the model group,rats in metformin group and HPS high-dosage group showed a random decrease in blood glucose,an increase in body mass,gastric emptying rate,and small intestine propulsion rate(P<0.05,P<0.01);a more regular arrangement of gastric antral tissue cells,a reduction of shedding cells and edema,the smooth muscle structure of the ileal tissue was relatively intact,with evenly distributed cells and reduced infiltration of inflammatory cells;the expression of GLP-1 in ileal tissue increased,the contents of serum APN and INS increased,and the content of Glu decreased,the expressions of GLUT4 and p-AMPK/AMPK proteins in ileal tissue increased,while the expression of GLUT1 protein decreased(P<0.05,P<0.01).Conclusion HPS may up-regulate GLUT4 and down-regulate GLUT1 expression through activates AMPK,promotes glucose uptake and utilization by small intestinal smooth muscle,and improves glucose metabolism of DGP rats with spleen qi deficiency syndrome.

Objective To observe the effects of Angelica and Astragalus ultrafiltration membrane extracts on Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway-related factors in diabetes kidney disease(DKD)model rats;To explore its mechanism in treating oxidative stress injury of DKD.Methods Totally 70 SPF-grade male SD rats were randomly divided into 10 rats for the blank group and the remaining 60 rats were fed with high-sugar and high-fat diet,streptozotocin was intraperitoneally injected after 4 weeks to establish the DKD model.The established model rats were randomly divided into the model group,positive control group(GKT137831 30 mg/kg)and TCM high-,medium-and low-dosage groups(Angelica and Astragalus ultrafiltration membrane extracts 6,3,1.5 g/kg),which were orally administered with corresponding drugs.The blank group and model group were given equivalent volume of distilled water orally once daily for 12 consecutive weeks.Random blood glucose,body mass and 24 h urinary total protein content(24 h-UTP)were detected,biochemical assays were conducted to detect serum creatinine(SCr),blood urea nitrogen(BUN),triglycerides(TG),total cholesterol(TC)and albumin(ALB)contents,HE and Masson staining were used to observe the morphology in renal tissue,the contents of reactive oxygen species(ROS),glutathione(GSH)and malondialdehyde(MDA)were measured by ELISA,the protein expressions of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 4(Nox4),Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1(Keap1),nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2),glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit(GCLM)and glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4)in renal tissue were detected by Western blot.Results Compared with the blank group,the random blood glucose at each time point of model group rats significantly increased(P<0.01),the 24 h-UTP significantly increased(P<0.01),the contents of SCr,BUN and serum TG,TC increased(P<0.01),and ALB content decreased(P<0.01);with loose arrangement and disordered structure of renal tissue,consolidation of glomeruli,shedding of renal tubular epithelial cells,and increased deposition of collagen fibers;the contents of serum ROS and MDA were significantly elevated(P<0.01),while GSH contents decreased(P<0.01);the protein expression of Nox4 and Keap1 in renal tissue significantly increased(P<0.01),the expression of Nrf2,GCLM and GPX4 protein significantly decreased(P<0.01).Compared with the model group,the random blood glucose were significantly reduced at 6,8,10,12 weeks in the treatment groups(P<0.01),24 h-UTP decreased(P<0.01),the contents of SCr,BUN,TG,TC in positive control group and TCM high-,medium-dosage group decreased,with increased ALB content(P<0.01,P<0.05);renal tubular and glomerular lesions were improved,and collagen fiber proliferation decreased;serum ROS and MDA contents were reduced,while GSH content increased(P<0.01,P<0.05);the protein expression of Nox4 and Keap1 in renal tissue decreased(P<0.01),and Nrf2,GCLM and GPX4 protein expression increased(P<0.01).Conclusion Angelica and Astragalus ultrafiltration membrane extracts can effectively alleviate injury of renal tissue in DKD rats,and its mechanism may be related to the regulation of the Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway and inhibition of oxidative stress response.

Objective To explore the mechanism of Bushen Zhupai Decoction in treating ovarian fibrosis in polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS)model rats based on IL-17/TRAF6/NF-κB signaling pathway.Methods Totally 60 SPF grade female SD rats were randomly divided into blank group,model group,Yousiyue group and TCM low-,medium-and high-dosage groups,with 10 rats in each group.The PCOS model was replicated by gavage of 1 mg/kg letrozole for 21 days.The Yousiyue group was given a 10 mg/kg solution of drospirenone ethinylestradiol tablets by gavage,TCM low-,medium-and high-dosage groups were given 8.82,17.64 and 35.28 g/kg of Bushen Zhupai Decoction by gavage,once a day for 28 consecutive days.HE and Masson staining were used to observe the morphology of ovarian tissue and ovarian fibrosis,the contents of serum IL-17,IL-18 and IL-1β were detected by ELISA,the mRNA expression of IL-17,TRAF6,NF-κB p65 and TGF-β1 in ovarian tissue were determined by RT-qPCR,the protein expression of TRAF6,NF-κB p65,TGF-β1,α-SMA,E-cadherin and the positive expression of IL-17RA,TRAF6,NF-κB p65,TGF-β1 and α-SMA in ovarian tissue were detected by Western blot and immunohistochemical staining respectively.Results Compared with the blank group,the body mass,ovarian mass and ovarian index significantly increased of rats in model group,with follicular cystic dilation,thinning of granulosa cell layer,and significant increase in fibrosis positive range(P<0.01),the serum contents of IL-17,IL-18 and IL-1β significantly increased(P<0.01),the expressions of IL-17,TRAF6,NF-κB p65,TGF-β1 mRNA and IL-17RA,TRAF6,NF-κB p65,TGF-β1 and α-SMA proteins significantly increased(P<0.01,P<0.05),the expression of E-cadherin protein significantly decreased(P<0.01).Compared with the model group,the ovarian index of rats in Yousiyue group and TCM medium-and high-dosage groups significantly decreased(P<0.01,P<0.05),the rats in TCM high-dosage group showed dominant follicles,increased thickness of granulosa cell layer,and significantly reduced fibrosis positive range(P<0.01),the serum contents of IL-17,IL-18 and IL-1β significantly decreased in Yousiyue group and TCM low-,medium-and high-dosage groups(P<0.01),the mRNA expressions of IL-17,TRAF6,NF-κB p65,TGF-β1,and the protein expressions of IL-17RA,TRAF6,NF-κB p65,TGF-β1 and α-SMA in ovarian tissue significantly decreaed in TCM high-dosage group(P<0.01,P<0.05),the expression of E-cadherin protein significantly increased(P<0.01).Conclusion Bushen Zhupai Decoction can decrease the body mass,improve the ovarian index,decrease the expressions of inflammatory factors and improve the status of ovarian fibrosis in PCOS rats.The mechanism may be related to the regulation of IL-17/TRAF6/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Objective To explore the mechanism of Bushen Zhupai Decoction in treating ovarian fibrosis in polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS)model rats based on IL-17/TRAF6/NF-κB signaling pathway.Methods Totally 60 SPF grade female SD rats were randomly divided into blank group,model group,Yousiyue group and TCM low-,medium-and high-dosage groups,with 10 rats in each group.The PCOS model was replicated by gavage of 1 mg/kg letrozole for 21 days.The Yousiyue group was given a 10 mg/kg solution of drospirenone ethinylestradiol tablets by gavage,TCM low-,medium-and high-dosage groups were given 8.82,17.64 and 35.28 g/kg of Bushen Zhupai Decoction by gavage,once a day for 28 consecutive days.HE and Masson staining were used to observe the morphology of ovarian tissue and ovarian fibrosis,the contents of serum IL-17,IL-18 and IL-1β were detected by ELISA,the mRNA expression of IL-17,TRAF6,NF-κB p65 and TGF-β1 in ovarian tissue were determined by RT-qPCR,the protein expression of TRAF6,NF-κB p65,TGF-β1,α-SMA,E-cadherin and the positive expression of IL-17RA,TRAF6,NF-κB p65,TGF-β1 and α-SMA in ovarian tissue were detected by Western blot and immunohistochemical staining respectively.Results Compared with the blank group,the body mass,ovarian mass and ovarian index significantly increased of rats in model group,with follicular cystic dilation,thinning of granulosa cell layer,and significant increase in fibrosis positive range(P<0.01),the serum contents of IL-17,IL-18 and IL-1β significantly increased(P<0.01),the expressions of IL-17,TRAF6,NF-κB p65,TGF-β1 mRNA and IL-17RA,TRAF6,NF-κB p65,TGF-β1 and α-SMA proteins significantly increased(P<0.01,P<0.05),the expression of E-cadherin protein significantly decreased(P<0.01).Compared with the model group,the ovarian index of rats in Yousiyue group and TCM medium-and high-dosage groups significantly decreased(P<0.01,P<0.05),the rats in TCM high-dosage group showed dominant follicles,increased thickness of granulosa cell layer,and significantly reduced fibrosis positive range(P<0.01),the serum contents of IL-17,IL-18 and IL-1β significantly decreased in Yousiyue group and TCM low-,medium-and high-dosage groups(P<0.01),the mRNA expressions of IL-17,TRAF6,NF-κB p65,TGF-β1,and the protein expressions of IL-17RA,TRAF6,NF-κB p65,TGF-β1 and α-SMA in ovarian tissue significantly decreaed in TCM high-dosage group(P<0.01,P<0.05),the expression of E-cadherin protein significantly increased(P<0.01).Conclusion Bushen Zhupai Decoction can decrease the body mass,improve the ovarian index,decrease the expressions of inflammatory factors and improve the status of ovarian fibrosis in PCOS rats.The mechanism may be related to the regulation of IL-17/TRAF6/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Objective:To construct a risk classification model for adverse events of medical consumables,so as to achieve automatic evaluation for risk level of such events,and enhance the capability for risk management of adverse events of medical consumables,and ensure the safety of medical apparatuses.Methods:The data of adverse events of medical consumables of 370 cases of 148 types that were reported by Shandong Provincial Third Hospital from 2020 to 2023 were selected,and they were divided into high-risk and low-risk types.Eight key factors of them,which included the number of cases,injury level,type of registration certificate,with source and without source,high-value and low-value,domestic and imports,product classification,and risk levels,were counted to form a dataset.K-nearest neighbor(KNN),support vector machine(SVM)and decision tree algorithms in machine learning were used to construct a risk classification model for adverse events of medical consumables.The data of 12 adverse events of medical consumables of 5 types of our hospital,which were newly reported in 2024,were integrated for their parameters.Then,the accuracy rate and prediction performance of the model were further analyzed.Results:By comparing the KNN,SVM and decision tree algorithm models,the effect of SVM algorithm model was better,and its accuracy rate was 90.54%,and its area under curve(AUC)value of the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was 0.944,and its Kolmogorov-Smirnov(KS)test value was 0.808.The model had favorable predictive performance.The results,that invoked SVM algorithm model to conduct verification of actual prediction for 12 adverse events of medical consumables of 5 types,indicated it was same between predictive outcomes and risk levels of manual evaluation.Conclusion:The risk classification model of adverse events of medical consumables has established an operational model for assessing the risk level of such events,which can assist monitoring personnel for adverse event of medical apparatuses to quickly and accurately find risk signals of adverse events of medical consumables,and improve the monitoring capability of them for these adverse events.

Objective To investigate the intervention mechanism of Bushen Zhupai Decoction on polycystic ovary syndrome rats with insulin resistance based on IL-6/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway Methods A rat model of polycystic ovary syndrome with insulin resistance was established by feeding high-fat diet combined with oral administration of letrozole,and the blank group was fed with ordinary diet.The modeled rats were randomly divided into model group,metformin group and Bushen Zhupai Decoction low-,medium-and high-dosage groups.The corresponding intervention were given for 28 days.Fasting blood glucose(FBG)content was detected,and insulin resistance index(HOMA-IR)was calculated.ELISA was used to detect serum fasting insulin(FINS),testosterone(T),estradiol(E2),luteinizing hormone(LH)and follicle stimulating hormone(FSH)contents.HE staining was used to observe the morphology of ovarian tissue.Immunohistochemistry was used to detected the expressions of interleukin(IL)-6,p-PI3K,p-AKT and GLUT4 in ovarian tissue.Western blot was used to detect the protein expressions of IL-6,PI3K,p-PI3K,AKT,p-AKT and GLUT4 in ovarian tissue,while RT-PCR was used to detect the mRNA expressions of IL-6,PI3K,AKT and GLUT4.Results Compared with the blank group,the body mass,FBG,FINS and serum T and LH contents of the model group rats significantly increased(P<0.01),while the serum E2 and FSH contents significantly decreased(P<0.01);ovarian tissue showed polycystic changes,with reduced layers and loose arrangement of granulosa cells,the expression of IL-6 protein and mRNA in ovarian tissue significantly increased(P<0.01),the expressions of p-PI3K,p-AKT and GLUT4 proteins significantly decreased(P<0.01),and the expressions of PI3K,AKT and GLUT4 mRNA significantly decreased(P<0.01).Compared with the model group,the body mass of rats in each administration group decreased,and the contents of FBG,FINS and serum T and LH decreased(P<0.01,P<0.05),while the contents of E2 and FSH increased;polycystic changes in ovarian tissue were reduced,mature follicles increased,and granulosa cells were tightly arranged,the expression of IL-6 protein and mRNA in ovarian tissue decreased,the expressions of p-PI3K,p-AKT,GLUT4 protein and PI3K,AKT,GLUT4 mRNA increased.Bushen Zhupai Decoction high-dosage group showed statistical significance(P<0.01).Conclusion Bushen Zhupai Decoction can improve reproductive and metabolic disorders in polycystic ovary syndrome with insulin resistance rats,and its mechanism may be related to inhibiting IL-6 expression,activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway,and alleviating insulin resistance.

Objective To observe the effects of Hedysarum Polybotrys polysaccharide(HPS)on the glucose metabolism of small intestinal smooth muscle in rats with diabetic gastroparesis(DGP)of spleen qi deficiency syndrome;To explore its mechanism based on AMPK/GLUT4 signaling pathway.Methods Totally 72 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 12 in the blank group and the remaining 60 rats were assigned to the model group.The DGP spleen qi deficiency syndrome model was replicated by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin+irregular feeding with high-fat and high sugar feed combined with swimming exhaustion method.The model rats were randomly divided into model group,metformin group and HPS high-,medium-and low-dosage groups.The metformin group was given 100 mg/kg metformin hydrochloride by gavage,while the HPS high-,medium-and low-dosage groups were given 200,100 and 50 mg/kg HPS by gavage,respectively.The blank group and model group were given purified water by gavage once a day for 8 consecutive weeks.The gastric emptying rate and small intestine propulsion rate in rats were detected,HE staining was used to observe the smooth muscle morphology of gastric antrum and ileal tissue,immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the expression of glucagon like peptide-1(GLP-1)in ileal tissue,ELISA was used to detect the contents of adiponectin(APN),glucagon(Glu)and insulin(INS)in serum,Western blot was used to detect the protein expressions of glucose transporter(GLUT)4,GLUT1,AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK)and p-AMPK in ileal tissue.Results Compared with the blank group,the model group rats showed significantly increased random blood glucose,significantly decreased body mass,gastric emptying rate and small intestinal propulsion rate(P<0.01);the edema in the submucosal layer,loose arrangement of connective tissue,infiltration of a small number of lymphocytes,granulocytes and macrophages,reduced number of goblet cells in the ileal tissue,shedding of intestinal villous epithelial cells and widening of the gap between the submucosal layer and the lamina propria;the expression of GLP-1 in ileal tissue was significantly decreased(P<0.05),the contents of serum APN and INS were significantly decreased,and the content of Glu significantly increased(P<0.01),the expressions of GLUT4 and p-AMPK/AMPK proteins in ileal tissue were significantly decreased,while the expression of GLUT1 protein significantly increased(P<0.01).Compared with the model group,rats in metformin group and HPS high-dosage group showed a random decrease in blood glucose,an increase in body mass,gastric emptying rate,and small intestine propulsion rate(P<0.05,P<0.01);a more regular arrangement of gastric antral tissue cells,a reduction of shedding cells and edema,the smooth muscle structure of the ileal tissue was relatively intact,with evenly distributed cells and reduced infiltration of inflammatory cells;the expression of GLP-1 in ileal tissue increased,the contents of serum APN and INS increased,and the content of Glu decreased,the expressions of GLUT4 and p-AMPK/AMPK proteins in ileal tissue increased,while the expression of GLUT1 protein decreased(P<0.05,P<0.01).Conclusion HPS may up-regulate GLUT4 and down-regulate GLUT1 expression through activates AMPK,promotes glucose uptake and utilization by small intestinal smooth muscle,and improves glucose metabolism of DGP rats with spleen qi deficiency syndrome.