Objective:To explore the effect of the retrieval of previous rewarding episodic memories on current decision-making risk preference under negative and neutral emotional contexts.Methods:Thirty-three undergraduate college students from Henan Medical University were selected as subjects in May 2025. A two-option gambling paradigm was selected as the experimental task, and a two-factor within-subject experiment design of 2 (reward: rewarded, non-rewarded) × 2 (emotional background: negative, neutral) was adopted. The risk decision-making rate of the participants was recorded.Two-factor analysis of variance was conducted using SPSS 22.0 software.Results:There was a significant interaction between the reward of the item and the emotional background on risk decision-making rate ( F(1, 64)=6.67, P<0.05, ηP2=0.17). Under the negative and neutral emotional backgrounds, the high-risk selection rates for the rewarded items (0.60±0.22, 0.56±0.22) were significantly higher than those for non-rewarded items (0.30±0.18, 0.33±0.22) (both P<0.01). Additionally, the difference in high-risk choice rate between the rewarded and non-rewarded items under the negative emotional condition (0.30±0.28) was significantly greater than those under the neutral emotional condition (0.23±0.30) ( t(32)=2.451, P<0.05, d’=0.87). Conclusion:Different emotional backgrounds and reward-related episodic memories can influence the risk decision-making preference of individuals together.The retrieval of the rewarding episodic memory during decision making can increase the high risk propensity of the individuals.

Objective To analyze the status of 2 649 suspected pertussis patients in Xi'an and the changes in laboratory diagnostic indi-cators.Methods 2 649 patients with suspected pertussis who visited the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University from June 2023 to May 2025 were collected as the research subjects.Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from the patients,and pertussis nucleic acid was detected by polymerase chain reaction(PCR)-fluorescence probe method.Laboratory diagnostic indicators were an-alyzed.Results Among the 2 649 samples tested,250 were positive for pertussis nucleic acid,with a positive detection rate of 9.44%.The detection rate in male patients was 9.37%(127/1 356),and in female patients was 9.51%(123/1 293),with difference no was statis-tically significant between the two groups(χ2=0.019,P=0.894).There was a statistically significant difference in the positive detection rate among different age groups(χ2=46.473,P<0.05),with the highest positive detection rate in the 7～19 age group(14.98%).The prevalence of pertussis showed a seasonal characteristic with a peak from April to September.21.2%(53/250)of the positive patients were mixed infections.In the 1～14 age group,the white blood cell count(WBC),lymphocyte percentage(LYMP%),and lymphocyte count(LYMP#)in the pertussis infection group were higher than those in the Mycoplasma pneumoniae(MP)infection group(t=10.179,5.819,8.614)and the Respiratory syncytial virus(RSV)infection group(t=16.570,2.618,7.185),and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.01),respectively.In the＞14 age group,the LYMP%and LYMP#in the pertussis infection group were higher than those in the MP infection group(t=3.275,2.319)and the RSV infection group(t=2.401,4.617),and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05),respectively.Conclusion The pertussis infection status in Xi'an area from 2023 to 2025 shows significant char-acteristics in terms of age,season and laboratory test results.It is necessary to further improve the pertussis surveillance system in this area,optimize the clinical diagnosis and treatment process and strengthen the vaccination work of pertussis vaccine.

Objective:To explore the effect of the retrieval of previous rewarding episodic memories on current decision-making risk preference under negative and neutral emotional contexts.Methods:Thirty-three undergraduate college students from Henan Medical University were selected as subjects in May 2025. A two-option gambling paradigm was selected as the experimental task, and a two-factor within-subject experiment design of 2 (reward: rewarded, non-rewarded) × 2 (emotional background: negative, neutral) was adopted. The risk decision-making rate of the participants was recorded.Two-factor analysis of variance was conducted using SPSS 22.0 software.Results:There was a significant interaction between the reward of the item and the emotional background on risk decision-making rate ( F(1, 64)=6.67, P<0.05, ηP2=0.17). Under the negative and neutral emotional backgrounds, the high-risk selection rates for the rewarded items (0.60±0.22, 0.56±0.22) were significantly higher than those for non-rewarded items (0.30±0.18, 0.33±0.22) (both P<0.01). Additionally, the difference in high-risk choice rate between the rewarded and non-rewarded items under the negative emotional condition (0.30±0.28) was significantly greater than those under the neutral emotional condition (0.23±0.30) ( t(32)=2.451, P<0.05, d’=0.87). Conclusion:Different emotional backgrounds and reward-related episodic memories can influence the risk decision-making preference of individuals together.The retrieval of the rewarding episodic memory during decision making can increase the high risk propensity of the individuals.

Objective To explore the application effect of real-time vascular threshold detection and low-dose contrast agent peak tracking method via 64-slice spiral computed tomography angiography(CTA).Methods A total of 96 patients who underwent 64-slice spiral CT head CTA examination were selected,and all patients were divided into real-time vascular threshold detection group(n=48)and low-dose contrast agent peak tracking group(n=48)according to different scanning methods.The real-time vascular threshold detection group performed the real-time vascular threshold detection method,and the low-dose contrast agent peak tracking group used the low-dose contrast agent peak tracking method,the fulfillment diagnostic rate and radiation dose index between the two groups were compared.Results The fulfillment diagnostic rate of the low-dose contrast agent peak tracking group was significantly higher than that of the real-time vascular threshold detection group(P＜0.05).The volume CT dose index(CTDIvol),dose length product(DLP),and total radiation dose of the low-dose contrast agent peak tracking group were significantly higher than those of the real-time vascular threshold detection group(P＜0.05).Conclusion The low-dose contrast agent peak tracking method can be used in the clinic after substantially improving the image quality and diagnostic rate,and the real-time vascular threshold detection can save the contrast agent consumption,reduce the patient's radiation dose,save time,and benefit the patient's prognosis.

Objective:To identify the main components of Huanglian Jiedu Decoction(HLJDD)using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight-mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS),and to explore the potential mechanism of action of HLJDD in the treatment of gouty arthritis(GA)using network pharmacology and molecular docking methods.Methods:We identi-fied the chemical components of HLJDD by combining UPLC-Q-TOF-MS data acquired in both positive and negative ion modes with reference standards,relevant literature,and database searches.We analyzed the potential therapeutic mechanism of HLJDD for GA by using network pharmacology to determine the intersection targets between the active ingredients of HLJDD and GA for further enrich-ment analysis and visual network mapping.The binding affinity of the active ingredients with the intersection targets was validated through molecular docking.Results:A total of 47 components were identified by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS;54 key components of HLJDD for GA treatment and 37 intersection targets were determined by net-work pharmacology;and the top 10 key targets by Degree value were obtained by protein-protein interaction analysis.The Gene On-tology functional enrichment analysis revealed 20 biological pro-cesses,7 cellular components,and 8 molecular functions.The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis demonstrated 96 GA-related intervention pathways,in which inflammatory signaling pathways such as interleukin-17(IL-17)and tu-mor necrosis factor(TNF)were involved.Molecular docking verified that the key components of HLJDD had high binding affinity with the core targets.Conclusion:The identified key components in HLJDD,such as phellodendrine,coptisine,wogonin,and β-sitosterol,may alleviate GA by regulating multiple core targets in the IL-17 and TNF pathways,such as PTSG2,which provides a theoretical ba-sis for future investigation into the mechanism of action of HLJDD.

Objective To explore the application effect of real-time vascular threshold detection and low-dose contrast agent peak tracking method via 64-slice spiral computed tomography angiography(CTA).Methods A total of 96 patients who underwent 64-slice spiral CT head CTA examination were selected,and all patients were divided into real-time vascular threshold detection group(n=48)and low-dose contrast agent peak tracking group(n=48)according to different scanning methods.The real-time vascular threshold detection group performed the real-time vascular threshold detection method,and the low-dose contrast agent peak tracking group used the low-dose contrast agent peak tracking method,the fulfillment diagnostic rate and radiation dose index between the two groups were compared.Results The fulfillment diagnostic rate of the low-dose contrast agent peak tracking group was significantly higher than that of the real-time vascular threshold detection group(P＜0.05).The volume CT dose index(CTDIvol),dose length product(DLP),and total radiation dose of the low-dose contrast agent peak tracking group were significantly higher than those of the real-time vascular threshold detection group(P＜0.05).Conclusion The low-dose contrast agent peak tracking method can be used in the clinic after substantially improving the image quality and diagnostic rate,and the real-time vascular threshold detection can save the contrast agent consumption,reduce the patient's radiation dose,save time,and benefit the patient's prognosis.

Objective To analyze the status of 2 649 suspected pertussis patients in Xi'an and the changes in laboratory diagnostic indi-cators.Methods 2 649 patients with suspected pertussis who visited the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University from June 2023 to May 2025 were collected as the research subjects.Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from the patients,and pertussis nucleic acid was detected by polymerase chain reaction(PCR)-fluorescence probe method.Laboratory diagnostic indicators were an-alyzed.Results Among the 2 649 samples tested,250 were positive for pertussis nucleic acid,with a positive detection rate of 9.44%.The detection rate in male patients was 9.37%(127/1 356),and in female patients was 9.51%(123/1 293),with difference no was statis-tically significant between the two groups(χ2=0.019,P=0.894).There was a statistically significant difference in the positive detection rate among different age groups(χ2=46.473,P<0.05),with the highest positive detection rate in the 7～19 age group(14.98%).The prevalence of pertussis showed a seasonal characteristic with a peak from April to September.21.2%(53/250)of the positive patients were mixed infections.In the 1～14 age group,the white blood cell count(WBC),lymphocyte percentage(LYMP%),and lymphocyte count(LYMP#)in the pertussis infection group were higher than those in the Mycoplasma pneumoniae(MP)infection group(t=10.179,5.819,8.614)and the Respiratory syncytial virus(RSV)infection group(t=16.570,2.618,7.185),and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.01),respectively.In the＞14 age group,the LYMP%and LYMP#in the pertussis infection group were higher than those in the MP infection group(t=3.275,2.319)and the RSV infection group(t=2.401,4.617),and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05),respectively.Conclusion The pertussis infection status in Xi'an area from 2023 to 2025 shows significant char-acteristics in terms of age,season and laboratory test results.It is necessary to further improve the pertussis surveillance system in this area,optimize the clinical diagnosis and treatment process and strengthen the vaccination work of pertussis vaccine.

Objective:To investigate the mechanism of 6-sialyllactose (6-SL) in interfering the immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced colitis (ICIC) through the bacterial 16S rDNA sequencing.Methods:BALB/c mice were randomly divided into the normal control (NC) group ( n = 7), dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) group ( n = 6), ICIC group ( n = 6), and ICIC+6-SL group ( n = 6). The DSS group was continuously fed with 3.5% DSS drinking water for 7 days to induce colonic inflammation; the ICIC group was administered cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4, 150 μg) intraperitoneally on days 0 and 4 in addition to 3.5% DSS drinking water to establish the ICIC mouse model; the ICIC+6-SL group was given 6-SL [150 mg/ (kg·d) ] by gavage simultaneously with the establishment of the ICIC model. Changes in mouse body weight and disease activity index (DAI) were statistically analyzed, and all mice were sacrificed on day 7 to observe gross and histopathological morphological changes in the colon and to tally histopathological scores; the fresh colonic feces were collected for 16S rDNA sequencing to statistically analyze the diversity and species differences in the microbiota of mice of each group. Results:The success rate of the ICIC model was 100%, with all mice surviving. At the endpoint of the study (day 7), compared with the NC and DSS groups, the ICIC group had lower mouse body weight ( P < 0.05), higher DAI ( P < 0.05), damaged integrity of colonic mucosal tissue, and typical ulcerative lesions; the ICIC+6-SL group showed significant alleviation of body weight loss, significantly lower DAI scores, and lower pathological scores compared to the ICIC group, with all differences being statistically significant (all P < 0.05). 16S rDNA sequencing of mouse intestinal feces indicated that the alpha diversity of colonic microbiota in the ICIC group was lower than that in the NC and DSS groups (both P < 0.05), while the ICIC+6-SL group had higher alpha diversity than the ICIC group ( P < 0.05). In beta diversity analysis, the ANOSIM statistical value R = 0.376, P = 0.001 for the PCoA analysis of colonic microbiota and a Stress value of 0.125, P = 0.001 for the NMDS analysis indicated differences in the composition of colonic microbiota among the groups, with the greatest difference between the NC and ICIC groups, and the ICIC+6-SL group's microbiota composition was closer to that of the NC group compared to the ICIC group. Lefse analysis and Kruskal-Wallis test-based differential microbiota analysis showed that at the phylum level, compared to the NC group, the abundance of Bacteroidetes was significantly reduced in the ICIC group, while Campilobacterota was increased, and 6-SL administration could increase the abundance of Bacteroidetes and Campilobacterota in the ICIC group. At the genus level, compared to other groups, the abundance of unclassified_f_Lachnospiraceae and norank_f_Muribaculaceae was the lowest in the ICIC group, while Helicobacter, Akkermansia, and Escherichia-Shigella were enriched. Compared to the ICIC group, the abundance of unclassified_f_Lachnospiraceae and norank_f_ Muribaculaceae was increased in the ICIC+6-SL group, while the abundance of Helicobacter and Escherichia-Shigella was significantly suppressed. Conclusions:6-SL, an oligosaccharide derived from human milk, alleviates intestinal inflammatory injury in ICIC mice, reducing disease activity. This beneficial effect may be related to its regulation of gut microbiota profiling, an increased diversity of microbiota, a restoration of Bacteroidetes, and an inhibition of the growth advantage of pathogenic bacteria such as Helicobacter and Escherichia-Shigella.

Objective:To investigate the mechanism of 6-sialyllactose (6-SL) in interfering the immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced colitis (ICIC) through the bacterial 16S rDNA sequencing.Methods:BALB/c mice were randomly divided into the normal control (NC) group ( n = 7), dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) group ( n = 6), ICIC group ( n = 6), and ICIC+6-SL group ( n = 6). The DSS group was continuously fed with 3.5% DSS drinking water for 7 days to induce colonic inflammation; the ICIC group was administered cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4, 150 μg) intraperitoneally on days 0 and 4 in addition to 3.5% DSS drinking water to establish the ICIC mouse model; the ICIC+6-SL group was given 6-SL [150 mg/ (kg·d) ] by gavage simultaneously with the establishment of the ICIC model. Changes in mouse body weight and disease activity index (DAI) were statistically analyzed, and all mice were sacrificed on day 7 to observe gross and histopathological morphological changes in the colon and to tally histopathological scores; the fresh colonic feces were collected for 16S rDNA sequencing to statistically analyze the diversity and species differences in the microbiota of mice of each group. Results:The success rate of the ICIC model was 100%, with all mice surviving. At the endpoint of the study (day 7), compared with the NC and DSS groups, the ICIC group had lower mouse body weight ( P < 0.05), higher DAI ( P < 0.05), damaged integrity of colonic mucosal tissue, and typical ulcerative lesions; the ICIC+6-SL group showed significant alleviation of body weight loss, significantly lower DAI scores, and lower pathological scores compared to the ICIC group, with all differences being statistically significant (all P < 0.05). 16S rDNA sequencing of mouse intestinal feces indicated that the alpha diversity of colonic microbiota in the ICIC group was lower than that in the NC and DSS groups (both P < 0.05), while the ICIC+6-SL group had higher alpha diversity than the ICIC group ( P < 0.05). In beta diversity analysis, the ANOSIM statistical value R = 0.376, P = 0.001 for the PCoA analysis of colonic microbiota and a Stress value of 0.125, P = 0.001 for the NMDS analysis indicated differences in the composition of colonic microbiota among the groups, with the greatest difference between the NC and ICIC groups, and the ICIC+6-SL group's microbiota composition was closer to that of the NC group compared to the ICIC group. Lefse analysis and Kruskal-Wallis test-based differential microbiota analysis showed that at the phylum level, compared to the NC group, the abundance of Bacteroidetes was significantly reduced in the ICIC group, while Campilobacterota was increased, and 6-SL administration could increase the abundance of Bacteroidetes and Campilobacterota in the ICIC group. At the genus level, compared to other groups, the abundance of unclassified_f_Lachnospiraceae and norank_f_Muribaculaceae was the lowest in the ICIC group, while Helicobacter, Akkermansia, and Escherichia-Shigella were enriched. Compared to the ICIC group, the abundance of unclassified_f_Lachnospiraceae and norank_f_ Muribaculaceae was increased in the ICIC+6-SL group, while the abundance of Helicobacter and Escherichia-Shigella was significantly suppressed. Conclusions:6-SL, an oligosaccharide derived from human milk, alleviates intestinal inflammatory injury in ICIC mice, reducing disease activity. This beneficial effect may be related to its regulation of gut microbiota profiling, an increased diversity of microbiota, a restoration of Bacteroidetes, and an inhibition of the growth advantage of pathogenic bacteria such as Helicobacter and Escherichia-Shigella.

Objective To compare the efficiency of National Early Warning Score (NEWS),Chronic Respiratory Early Warning Score(CREWS) and BAP-65(elevated Blood urea nitrogen,Altered mental status,Pulse＞109bpm,age＞65 years)among patients with AECOPD (acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease).Methods Totally 181 patients with AECOPD were investigated by these three scales,and the efficiency of NEWS,CREWS and BAP-65 was compared.Results The scores of NEWS,CREWS and BAP-65 in the death group were higher than those in the survival group and the general ward group(P＜0.01).Regarding the predicted results of hospital death,the area under the ROC curve of NEWS,CREWS and BAP-65 was 0.878,0.836 and 0.774,respectively,and the differences were not statistically significant(P＞0.05);for predicted results of ICU admission,the area under the ROC curve of NEWS,CREWS and BAP-65 was 0.826,0.813 and 0.716,respectively,and the differences were not statistically significant (P＞0.05).Conclusion NEWS,CREWS and BAP-65 have satisfied predictive efficiency for prognosis,and NEWS and CREWS are much easier and faster to use.