Urine metabolomics serves as a crucial approach for discovering non-invasive biomarkers.It enables the detection of metabolite variations during disease progression and therapeutic interventions,offering novel insights for early disease diagnosis,prevention,and personalized treatment.Compared to other bodily fluids,urine exhibits dis-tinctive advantages,including ease of collection,metabolite abundance,and the capacity to promptly reflect bio-chemical metabolic pathway alterations in vivo.Strict adherence to standardized protocols for sample collection and preservation is imperative in urine metabolomics research.Nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)and mass spectrom-etry(MS)are primary analytical techniques in urine metabolomics studies.Given the complex composition of urina-ry metabolites,appropriate analytical technologies should be selected based on specific research objectives,the combination of multiple techniques often employed to enhance the comprehensiveness and accuracy of metabolite analysis in samples.This review focuses on major technological advancements in urine metabolomics and their appli-cations in biomarker discovery from cancer screening.

Objective:To investigate the effectiveness of probe-based near-infrared autofluorescence imaging (NIRAF) of the parathyroid gland.Methods:A total of 71 patients with thyroid cancer eligible for admission from May 4, 2023 to May 26, 2023 were selected, including 42 patients with thyroid cancer enrolled in the Department of Thyroid (hernia), Department of General Surgery, PLA General Hospital, including 29 females and 13 males, with a median age of 41 years, ranging from 21 to 76 years. A total of 29 patients with thyroid cancer were enrolled in the Department of Thyroid Surgery of Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, including 22 females and 7 males. The median age was 42.5 years, ranging from 24 to 72 years. The follow-up period was 1 month.Results:Among them, 196 suspicious parathyroid tissues were identified by the naked eye, and 207 suspicious parathyroid tissues were identified by probe NIRAF technology. Naked eye identification sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were 84.86%, 56% and 81.89%. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of parathyroid tissue identification by probe NIRAF were 92.66%, 80.00% and 90.53%, which were better than that of naked eye identification, and had a good coincidence rate with the results of immunocolloidal gold test or intraoperative freezing pathology (Kappa=0.61, P<0.001) . Conclusion:The probe-based NIRAF technique has a good ability to identify parathyroid tissue.

Objective:To investigate the effect of mandibular angle osteotomy on the morphological changes of mandible by using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scanning data and three-dimensional cephalometry.Methods:According to included and excluded criteria, the complete CBCT data of 20 female patients (aged 20-35 years with an average age of 25.5 years) from January 2016 to June 2018 who underwent curved mandibular angle osteotomy combined with splitting cortiectomy were selected. Seven items reflecting mandibular morphology before and after surgery were measured respectively. All the data were analyzed by the means of SPSS 12.0; linear correlation analysis and paired t test were used to evaluate the change of andibular morphology.Results:The measurement results of the mandible pre- and post-operative 10 days showed as follows: Go-Go decreased, both sides of Cd-Go, Go-Ri and MR-MA decreased, both sides of Go-Me became longer, both sides of Ar-Go-Me and MP-FH increased. The paired t-test results showed that there was significant difference before and after operation ( P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between the left and right measurement items ( P>0.05). Compared with that in 10 days after operation, the measurement items also changed 6 months after operation. There was no statistical difference between the above measurement items 6 months after surgery and 10 days after surgery ( P>0.05), and no statistical difference between the left and right sides ( P>0.05). Conclusions:The mandibular three-dimensional model which is reconstructed based on CBCT data, not only displays the three-dimensional anatomical structure that cannot be presented on X-ray film visually and comprehensively by means zoom, rotation and other operations, but also precisely and accurately shows the change of the shape of the mandible from the sagittal, coronal and horizontal plane with arbitrary cutting and rotation. The measurement of mandible is more accurate and reliable, and the surgical plan of mandibular angle osteotomy can be accurately planned preoperatively, and the operative effect can be quantitatively evaluated postoperatively.

Background: The incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is increasing in recent years, and the etiology and pathogenesis of IBD remain unclear.Studies showed that disorder of bile acid metabolism plays an important role in the pathological process of experimental colitis.However, serum bile acid profile in IBD patients has not been reported.Aims: To investigate the changes of serum bile acid profile in patients with IBD.Methods: Seven healthy controls, 15 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and 16 patients with Crohn's disease (CD) at Shanghai Xin Hua Hospital were enrolled.High-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to determine serum bile acid profile.Results: No significant differences in serum concentrations of primary bile acid cholic acid (CA), chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), glycocholic acid (GCA), taurocholic acid (TCA), glycochenodeoxycholic acid (GCDCA) were found between UC or CD and controls (P>0.05).Compared with controls, serum concentration of secondary bile acid deoxycholic acid (DCA) in UC patients was significantly decreased (P<0.05), glycodeoxycholic acid (GDCA), taurodeoxycholic acid (TDCA) in CD patients were significantly decreased (P<0.05), serum concentration of lithocholic acid (LCA) in UC and CD patients was significantly decreased (P<0.05).Conclusions: The serum bile acid profile in IBD patients is significantly changed, which suggests that it may be involved in the pathological process of IBD.

Currently medical students are short in ability of doctor-patient communication and lack of professional training in doctor-patient communication.It is essential to explore ways and means of teaching clinical doctor-patient communication for medical students.Clinical doctor-patient communication training courses were carried out with internships by way of explaining the establishment of a good doctordoctor-patient communication relationship,preparation and investigation analysis of doctor-patient communication information,doctor-patient communication skills,evaluation and adjustment of doctor-doctor-patient commu-nication,doctor-doctor-patient communication in the legal and regulatory issues.Medical students were trained in the good doctor-doctor-patient communication relationship building,information collection,infor-mation giving,respect and understanding,ending doctor-patient communication skills.And after the training medical students' doctor-patient communication ability obtained a certain improvement,which means this curriculum of clinical doctor-patient communication training courses is worthy of further promotion.

Objective To investigate the diagnosis and treatment of pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) and provide a reference for diagnosis and treatment of PMP.Methods The clinical features,laboratory examinations,treatment and outcomes of 8 PMP misdiagnosed cases were analyzed with recent relevant reference.Results Ultrasonography,CT,peritoneal cytological examination,tumor markers results are helpful for diagnosis of PMP.PMP will be confirmed and classified by pathological examination after operation.Complete cytoreductive surgery (CRS)or major debulking surgery (MDS) of the tumor combined intraperitoneal chemotherapy and systemic chemotherapy,eight patients in seven cases survived 4-71 month range,one patient died of respiratory failure of pulmonary infection after the third operation.Conclusions Ultrasonography,CT,peritoneal cytological examination,tumor markers tests help avoid misdiagnosis of PMP before operations.Intraoperative findings follow after PMP,CRS or MDS should be executed in the operation or the next time.Intraperitoneal chemotherapy and conventional chemotherapy can improve survival in patients with PMP and prolong their survival time.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of computed tomography enteroclysis/enterography (CTE),magnetic resorance enteroclysis/enterography (MRE) and ultrasonography (US) in Crohn's disease (CD) by Meta-analysis.Methods Segmental intestinal wall thickening and strengthening was taken as image diagnostic indicators in CD.Endoscopic and histopathologic findings and follow-up results were set as diagnostic standard.Retrieve and literature inclusion criteria were developed.The papers of CD diagnosed by CTE,MRE and US which met the criteria were searched and screened.The quality of the papers was evaluated by quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies (QUADAS).The diagnostic efficacy of CTE,MRE and US was compared,which included sensitivity,specificity,positive likelihood ratio and negative likelihood ratio,positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV).Results Among the 2197 retrieved literature,a total of 12 papers met the criteria and nine of which were blinded study.The papers were grouped by three different imaging techniques and underwent QUADAS scale scoring.One paper was about CTE and MRE comparative study,so there were six papers in CTE group,the scores of all the six papers were over 10 and all of them were blinded study.There were four papers in MRE group,the scores of three papers were over 10 and all of them were blinded study.There were three papers in US group,the score of one paper was over 10 and two of these three papers were blinded study and one with unclear evaluation.The sensitivity of CTE group was the highest (89 ％),while the specificity (90 ％) was lower than that of US group (95％).The PPV (93％),NPV (95％),positive likelihood ratio (15.16) and negative likelihood ratio (0.17) of US group were the highest,those of CTE were secondary (PPV 91％,NPV 82％,positive likelihood ratio 6.25 and negative likelihood ratio 0.15).The sensitivity (74％),specificity (84％),PPV (80％),NPV (80％),positive likelihood ratio (4.18) and negative likelihood ratio (0.33) of MRE group were lower than both US group and CTE group.Conclusions The sensitivity of CTE in CD diagnosis is better than that of MRE and US,while other diagnostic indicators are poorer than US.Even though US has high diagnostic value in CD,more well designed large sample study were still needed for further evaluation.

Objective To report three cases of fulminant ulcerative colitis (FUC) treated with infliximab (IFX) and the positive result for clinical purpose. Methods Three patients with FUC were infused with IFX (5 mg/kg) at interval of 0, 2, 6 wk. Sulfasalazine or probiotics was used for the maintanance of remission. The mucosal healing was evaluated by endoscopy and patholoic examination. ResultsComplete remission was found in 3 patients with FUC. Eight weeks after IFX withdraw, complete remission was found in two of three cases demonstrated by endoscopy, except for one case died from refractory ventricular tachycardia. The remaing 2 cases showed no active manifestation during 8 months' follow-up. Conclusion IFX therapy results in complete remission in 3 cases with FUC. However, further randomized control study is warranted for concrete evaluation on salty and application clinically.

BACKGROUND: Effect of hypoxia on osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) has been differently reported. Those differences might cause by varying volume fraction of oxygen and varying source of BMMSCs. OBJECTIVE: To compare the biological differences between placenta and BMMSCs under hypoxia.METHODS: Human placenta amniotic mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) and rabbit BMMSCs were isolated by two step proteinases and whole bone marrow adhesion, respectively. hAMSCs and BMMSCs at the same passage were seeded in 12-well plates at an initial cell density of 2 × 10~4 cells per well with α-MEM containing 10% FBS. Then, the cells were cultured under 5% O_2 or 20% O_2 for 12 days. hAMSCs and BMMSCs at the same passage were seeded in 12-well plates at an initial cell density of 1 × 10~5 cells per well with osteogenic medium. Then, the cells were cultured under 5% O_2 or 20% O_2 for 14 days. Cell growth curve, the specific glucose consumption rates and specific lactate production rates, and osteogenic differentiation were detected. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared to normal oxygen, hypoxia promoted the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. When compared to BMMSCs, statistically significant enhancement of the growth of hAMSCs by hypoxia was observed. hAMSCs cultured under hypoxia exhibited lower glucose consumption and lactate production in contrast with BMMSCs. Furthermore, comparison between hAMSCs and BMMSCs showed that the alkaline phosphatase expression of BMMSCs was significantly enhanced by hypoxia and was markedly higher compared with hAMSCs. The amount of calcium deposition was also enhanced by hypoxia, but there were no statistically significant differences between hAMSCs and BMMSCs.

Objective To further elucidate the CT characteristics and diagnostic approaches to non-acquired immune deficiency syndrome patients with pulmonary cryptococcosis. Methods The histories of forty-two pulmonary cryptococcosis (PC) patients diagnosed in Zhongshan Hospital from 2003 -2008 were collected and analyzed for demography data, underlying conditions, clinical symptoms, chest CT and diagnostic studies. Results None of the 42 PC patients had avian or its feces contacting history, and 71.4% (30/42) of them were immunocompetent. The most frequent CT lesions were multiple nodules (67. 9% ) with peripheral predominance (67. 9% ), and cavitations (50%) often presented within them. Masses/consolidation (31.4%) and patching lesions (2. 9% ) could exist occassionally. Positive detection rates of non-aggressive examinations including sputum, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and bronchofibroscope aspiration were 4. 3%, 8. 3% and 6. 3% respectively, while those of aggressive approaches including transbrunchial lung biopsy (TBLB), thin needle aspiration biopsy (TNAB) and pneumonectomy by surgery were 64. 7%, 64. 3% and 100% respectively. Non-aggressive serum cryptococcus antigen test was performed in 14 patients who had been diagnosed by histopathology or pathogen culture, and all of them were positive. Conclusion Our study suggests that PC is common in immunocompetent population. Avian or its feces contacting is not so important as used opinion to PC differential diagnosis. CT characteristics of PC are diversiform and always change very slowly. Besides the most frequent multiple nodules with subpleural predominance, pulmonary lesions can present as masses, consolidation or patchings. Aggressive techniques such as TBLB and TNAB are benefit to clinical diagnosis of PC, and non-aggressive serum cryptococcus antigen test may be promising for its early diagnosis as well as clinical course follow-up and therapeutic effect evaluation.