Objective:To examine the validity and reliability of the Basic Psychological Needs Satisfaction and Frustration Scale(BPNSFS)in the adult population.Methods:A total of 488 adults were recruited and random-ly divided into 2 groups.One half(n=244)was utilized for item analysis and exploratory factor analysis,while the other half(n=244)was reserved for confirmatory factor analysis.One month later,a convenient sample of 100 in-dividuals was selected for retesting.The Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scale-21(DASS-21)and the Satisfaction with Life Scale(SWLS)were employed as criterion measures.Results:Both subscales of the BPNSFS demonstrated a 3-factor structure,explaining a total variance of 60.99％and 60.31％,respectively.The 3-factor model exhibited good fit indices(x2/df=1.85,2.47;RMSEA=0.06,0.08;CFI=0.95,0.94;TLI=0.94,0.92;SRMR=0.04,0.05).Scores on both subscales and their dimensions were significantly correlated with DASS-21 and SWLS scores(|r|=0.16-0.57,Ps＜0.001).The Cronbach α coefficients for the 2 subscales were 0.87 and 0.89,with Cronbach α values for each dimension ranging from 0.73 to 0.81.The test-retest reliabilities(ICC)for the 2 sub-scales were 0.84 and 0.80,with ICC values for each dimension ranging from 0.65 to 0.83.Conclusion:The validi-ty and reliability of the Chinese version of the Basic Psychological Needs Satisfaction and Frustration Scale demon-strate good measurement properties in assessing the adult population.

Objective To investigate the effect of Echinacoside(Ech)on liver injury in hepatitis B rats.Methods SD rats were divided into control group,Hepatitis B(HBV,5 mL/kg HBV virus was injected into the tail vein twice a week for 3 consecutive weeks),low(Ech-L)and high(Ech-H)doses of Ech were injected into the stom-ach for HBV(8.33 and 33.32 mg/kg,respectively),HBV group was treated with positive drugs(lamivudine,10 mg/kg)and Ech-H+BKM120(40 mg/kg BKM120),with 12 animals in each group.The drug was administered once a day for 8 weeks.The activity of ALT and AST in serum of were detected.Serum level of gam-ma-interferon(IFN-γ)and interleukin(IL-4)was detected by ELISA;Flow cytometry was applied to detect Th1/Th2 in peripheral blood;Chromatin immunoprecipitation was applied to detect HBV DNA expression in liver tissue;HE staining was used to detect the pathological changes of liver tissue and score the damage;Western blot was ap-plied to detect phosphorylated phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase(p-PI3K),phosphorylated protein kinase B(p-AKT)proteins in liver tissue.Results Compared with the control group,hepatocytes in the hepatitis B group were swollen,nuclear staining was excessive,hepatic lobular structure was disorganized,pathological injury score,serum AST,ALT activity,IL-4 level,peripheral blood Th2,HBV DNA expression in liver tissue were all increased.Serum IFN-γ level,Th1,Th1/Th2 in peripheral blood,p-PI3K and p-AKT protein in liver tissue were all decreased(P＜0.05);Treatment with Ech-L,Ech-H and lamivudine reduced the swelling of HBV rat hepatocytes,cleared the structure of some liver cords,reduced pathological injury score,the activity of AST,ALT and IL-4 levels in serum,Th2 in peripheral blood and HBV DNA in liver tissue;The level of serum IFN-γ,Th1,Th1/Th2 in peripheral blood,and protein expression p-PI3K and p-AKT protein in liver tissue were increased(P＜0.05).BKM120 attenuated the ameliorative effect of high-dose Ech on hepatitis B-induced liver injury in rats.Conclusions Ech ameliorates liver in-jury in rats with hepatitis B,and the mechanism may be related to the activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway.

Objective:To examine the validity and reliability of the Basic Psychological Needs Satisfaction and Frustration Scale(BPNSFS)in the adult population.Methods:A total of 488 adults were recruited and random-ly divided into 2 groups.One half(n=244)was utilized for item analysis and exploratory factor analysis,while the other half(n=244)was reserved for confirmatory factor analysis.One month later,a convenient sample of 100 in-dividuals was selected for retesting.The Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scale-21(DASS-21)and the Satisfaction with Life Scale(SWLS)were employed as criterion measures.Results:Both subscales of the BPNSFS demonstrated a 3-factor structure,explaining a total variance of 60.99％and 60.31％,respectively.The 3-factor model exhibited good fit indices(x2/df=1.85,2.47;RMSEA=0.06,0.08;CFI=0.95,0.94;TLI=0.94,0.92;SRMR=0.04,0.05).Scores on both subscales and their dimensions were significantly correlated with DASS-21 and SWLS scores(|r|=0.16-0.57,Ps＜0.001).The Cronbach α coefficients for the 2 subscales were 0.87 and 0.89,with Cronbach α values for each dimension ranging from 0.73 to 0.81.The test-retest reliabilities(ICC)for the 2 sub-scales were 0.84 and 0.80,with ICC values for each dimension ranging from 0.65 to 0.83.Conclusion:The validi-ty and reliability of the Chinese version of the Basic Psychological Needs Satisfaction and Frustration Scale demon-strate good measurement properties in assessing the adult population.

Objective To explore the effect of galangin(Gal)on inflammation in hepatitis B rats.Methods The rats were randomly divided into control group,hepatitis B group,Gal-L and Gal-H groups,positive drug lamivudine group and Gal-H+AMPK inhibitor(compound C)group with 12 in each.After modeling,medication treatment was performed once a day for 8 weeks.The level of alanine aminotransferase(ALT),total bilirubin(TBIL)and aspartate aminotransferase(AST)in the serum of rats were detected.HE staining microscopy was ap-plied to detect pathological changes in liver tissue.TUNEL staining microscopy was applied to detect cell apoptosis in liver tissue.Chromatin immuno-precipitation was applied to detect HBV viral load in liver tissue.ELISA was ap-plied to detect the levels of monocyte chemotactic protein-1(MCP-1),interleukin-12(IL-12),and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)in liver tissue.Western blot was applied to detect the expression of caspase-3,Bcl-2 associated X protein(Bax),p-AMPK and SIRT1 proteins in liver tissue.Results Compared with hepatitis B group,the liver damage of rats in the Gal-L group,Gal-H group and lamivudine group was alleviated;The level of serum AST,TBIL,and ALT,apoptosis rate,HBV viral load and the level of MCP-1,IL-12,TNF-α as well as the expression of caspase-3 and Bax proteins in liver tissue were all reduced.The expression of p-AMPK and SIRT1 proteins in liv-er tissue increased(P＜0.05).Compound C baffled inhibitory effects of high-dose Gal on inflammation,cell apopto-sis,and HBV viral load in liver tissue of hepatitis B rats.Conclusions The mechanism of Gal in inhibiting inflam-mation,cell apoptosis and HBV virus replication in hepatitis B rats is potentially attributed to up-regulation of the AMPK/SIRT1 pathway.

Objective To analyze the global research status,hotspots,and frontiers of proprotein convertase subtilisin/Kexin type 9(PCSK9)monoclonal antibodies,and to provide a reference for related scientific research and the rational drug use in clinical practice in China.Methods The research literature related to PCSK9 monoclonal antibody included in the Web of Science database was searched for the period from January 2011 to February 2022,and the literature included in the study was visually analyzed by the CiteSpace software.Results A total of 723 articles were included,and the annual number of publica-tions showed an overall upward trend.The top three countries were the United States,France,and the United Kingdom.Sanofi was the organization with the largest number of articles,and the organization with the highest citation of articles was Brigham and Women's Hospital.The hotspots of research mainly included the use of PCSK9 monoclonal antibody in the treatment of patients with hypercholesterolemia,patients who do not tolerate statins,patients with high cardiovascular risk,and the efficacy and safety of PCSK9 monoclonal antibody in lipid-lowering therapy combined statins;The frontiers of research in recent two years is the appli-cation of PCSK9 monoclonal antibodies in patients with acute coronary syndrome and the clinical benefits after reducing the level of lipoprotein(a).Conclusion A large number of studies have confirmed the efficacy and safety of PCSK9 monoclonal anti-bodies in reducing blood lipids,but there is still a lack of research on its economics and application in special populations,which should be the focus of future research.

Objective:To explore the correlation between hip muscle factors measured with CT imaging and recovery of independent mobility within 1 year after surgery in elderly patients with hip fractures.Methods:A prospective cohort study was conducted on the clinical data of 680 elderly patients with hip fractures admitted to Beijing Jishuitan Hospital of Capital Medical University from November 2018 to December 2019. The patients were assigned to dependent group and assistant group according to whether they regained pre-injury independent mobility within 1 year after surgery. Gender, age, body mass index, personal history, living habits, past diseases, Charlson comorbidity index, laboratory test indicators, fracture types, anesthesia types, surgical methods, rehabilitation training, time from injury to surgery, and hip muscle parameters in both groups were recorded. OsiriX software was employed in the measurement of the hip muscles to measure the muscle area and density of the gluteus maximus and gluteus medius/minimus on CT images, and the average values were calculated as hip muscle area and density. Then the variables of hip muscle area and density were converted seperately to gender-normalized Z-scores, and were divided into high-area group ( Z≥0) and low-area group ( Z<0), and high-density group ( Z≥0) and low-density group ( Z<0) respectively. Observable variables were primarily analyzed using univariate analysis between the independent group and assistant group. Those variables with statistically significant differences in the univariate analysis or would potentially affect mobility recovery according to previous researches although there were no statistical significance were included in a multivariate Logistic regression analysis. Three Logistic regression models were designed (Model 1 uncorrected, Model 2 corrected for gender, age and body mass index, Model 3 corrected for variables in Model 2 and other variables included after above-mentioned analysis) to analyze whether muscle parameters were risk factors for recovery of independent mobility. Additionally, generalized estimating equations were used for repeated measurement to analyze the correlation between hip muscle area and recovery of independent mobility after surgery. Results:Compared to the assistant group, the independent group were younger in age, with lower rate of living alone, being housebound, cognitive impairment, and Charlson comorbidity index, lower level of hemoglobin and albumin, higher rate of femoral neck fractures, lower rate of internal fixation, shorter time from injury to surgery, larger hip muscle area, and higher hip muscle density ( P<0.05 or 0.01). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that, in the fully corrected Model 3, only hip muscle area remained significantly correlated with recovery of independent mobility ( P<0.05), while no significant difference was found between the high-density group and low-density group ( P>0.05). In the repeated measurement, patients in the high-area group were 1.84 times more likely to restore independent mobility than those in the low-area group ( OR=1.84, 95% CI 1.33, 2.53, P<0.01). Conclusions:Hip muscle area measured with CT imaging is closely correlated to the recovery of independent mobility within 1 year after surgery in elderly patients with hip fractures. Moreover, larger hip muscle area indicates a larger likelihood of recovery of independent mobility.

Objective:To analyze the patterns of antibacterial agents in Chinese children surveyed by the China multi-center monitoring network for the application of antibacterial agents in children and neonates in 2019 by using World Health Organization (WHO) Access, Watch, Reserve and Not-recommended (AWaRe) and typical anatomical/therapeutic/chemical (ATC) in this study.Methods:The cross-sectional method was adopted.A multi-center cross-sectional survey was conducted on one day from September to December 2019.The information of all inpatients taking antibiotics was uploaded to the network-based data collection system (https: //garpec-31.mobilemd.cn/login.aspx? relogin=true). This study covered 13 hospitals from 10 provinces and cities in China.All hospitalized children in the Respiratory Department, Infectious Disease Department, General Surgery Department, Pediatric Intensive Care Units, Neonatal Intensive Care Units and Neonatology joined in this survey.The clinically used antibacterial agents were classified by AWaRe and ATC, and the AWaRe and ATC distributions of antibacterial agents prescribed for Chinese children and neonates were described.Results:Of the 2 644 antibiotic prescriptions included from 13 hospitals, 2 134 (80.71%) were for children and 510 (19.29%) were for neonates.Of all antibiotic prescriptions, there were 368 (13.92%) Access antibiotics prescriptions, 1 973 (74.62%) Watch prescriptions, 60 (2.27%) Reserve prescriptions and 243 (9.19%) Not-recommended prescriptions.The top-five antibiotics prescribed for children and neonates were third-generation cephalosporins (1 056, 39.94%), macrolides (492, 18.61%), carbapenems (275, 10.40%), beta lactam-beta lactamase inhibitors (246, 9.30%), and second-generation cephalosporins (136, 5.14%). The use ratios of Access, Watch, Reserve and Not-recommended antibiotics in each center ranged from 0 to 30.00%, 36.67% to 97.20%, 0 to 17.02% and 0 to 33.33%, respectively.In 1 360 antibiotic prescriptions for children and neonates with pneumonia, there were 152 (11.18%) Access antibiotics, 1 051 (77.28%) Watch antibiotics, 37 (2.72%) Reserve antibiotics, and 120 (8.82%) Not-recommended antibiotics.The top-five antibiotics prescribed for children with pneumonia were third-generation cephalosporins (522, 38.38%), macrolides (388, 28.53%), beta lactam-beta lactamase inhibitors (141, 10.37%), carbapenems (117, 8.6%) and penicillins (49, 3.60%).Conclusions:Watch antibiotics and broad spectrum antibiotics such as third-generation cephalosporins and macrolides prone to induce resistance are the main antibacterial agents used in Chinese children and neonates with pneumonia.Broad-spectrum antibiotics may be overused in Chinese children and neonates.

Cardiovascular diseases is a kind of circulatory system disease,circulatory system mainly includes the heart and blood vessels,the common disease including myocardial ischemia,cardiomyopathy,heart failure,arrhythmia and sudden cardiac death.With the change of human living environment and habits, cardiovascular diseases has become the leading cause of human death[1].Autophagy is an important regulation method for the steady state of eukaryotic cells,which has been proved to be closely related to various diseases and is a hotspot in the research of human diseases in recent years.Autophagy is closely related to the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases,and plays an important role in the prevention and control of cardiovascular diseases, but the specific mechanism still needs to be further studied.This paper introduces the concept and mechanism of autophagy,and summarizes the mechanism of autophagy in cardiovascular disease.

Aim To investigate the skeletal effects of ginseng flower bud(GF)on osteopenia induced by D-galactose using histomorphometry and biomechanical properties.Methods Fifty three-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups.Rats in NS group(NS)were treated with NS(5 mL·kg-1·d-1)by subcutaneous injection and daily oral gavage with vehicle as control.Rats in the other four groups were given D-galactose at the dose of 100 mg·kg-1·d-1 by subcutaneous injection.Solvent control was performed between NS and DG: gastric irrigation with distilled water of 10 mL·kg-1·d-1.Other groups were: CP was gastric irrigated with integrated medicine(stanozolol 0.54 mg·kg-1·d-1+piracetam 432 mg·kg-1·d-1),GF(L)with ginseng flower bud of 0.486 g·kg-1·d-1 and GF(H)with ginseng flower bud of 2.43 g·kg-1·d-1 for 14 weeks.The longitudinal proximal tibial metaphyseal(PTM),the fifth lumbar vertebral body(LVB)and tibial shaft(Tx)sections were performed undecalcifiedly and used for bone histomorphometric analysis.858 Mini Bionix materials testing system was used to analyze the biomechanic properties of right femur via three-point bending test.The left femur was dried and assimilated,whose bone calcium(Ca),phosphate(P)content and bone hydroxyproline content were tested.Results Compared with D-glagatose group,in PTM of D-galactose treated rats,the％Tb.Ar was increased both in GF(L)and GF(H)treated groups.While the Tb.Sp was decreased.％Oc.S.Pm and Oc.N/mm decreased in GF(L),and those in GF(H)were decreased as well.In Tx,％Ct.Ar was raised,while％Ma.Ar was decreased in GF(L)and GF(H).The elastic load of femur was increased.Conclusions Compared with DG group,there are significant differences in bone histomorphometry of Tx and PTM in all doses of GF,but no significant changes are detected in hydroxyproline,Ca,and P content of femur.