Objective: To analyze the characteristics and key risk factors of abnormal blood disposal throughout the 2024-2025 blood collection and supply process based on nationwide multi-site monitoring data, develop a comprehensive prevention and control strategy across the entire chain, reduce preventable blood waste, and ensure clinical blood safety. Methods: According to the Guidelines for Haemovigilance (T/CSBT 001-2026), we extracted 74 cases of abnormal blood disposal events reported by the China Blood Transfusion Association′s Blood Safety Monitoring System from January 1 2024, to December 31 2025, and conducted descriptive statistical analysis on the distribution of events, types of deviations, root causes, and classifications of disposal manifestations. Results: A total of 664 adverse events related to blood collection and supply were reported over two years, with 74 cases involving discarded abnormal blood units, accounting for 11.1% of the total. Among these, blood component preparation (40.5%) and blood collection (37.8%) remained traditional high-risk stages. The proportion of blood waste occurring during storage, distribution, and transportation increased from 7.7% in 2024 to 34.3% in 2025. Deviations from standard operating procedures (SOP) by personnel were the primary cause, accounting for 74.3% of cases. Discarded blood units were categorized into four types: compromised closed blood bag systems (40 cases), mainly due to inadequate heat sealing, physical damage, or dropped bags; blood out of the cold chain (12 cases), primarily resulting from blood being left at work sites; imbalanced proportion of preservation solution (10 cases), mostly caused by blood collection volumes exceeding the standard capacity of blood bags; and other causes (12 cases). Conclusion: Human operational errors are the core cause of abnormal blood waste. The collection and preparation stages have long been at high-risk, and the risks in the storage and transportation stages have been increasing year by year. We should focus on standardizing personnel management, improving specialized operation norms such as heat sealing, transportation, and storage, establishing a full-process intelligent cold chain monitoring and multi-node visual verification mechanism, and systematically reducing the occurrence rate of abnormal blood waste through a closed-loop quality intervention system, thereby improving the utilization efficiency of voluntary blood donation resources.

Objective: To systematically analyzes the impact of blood donor characteristics on red blood cell (RBC) quality and transfusion outcomes, and to provide a scientific basis for optimizing donor selection criteria and developing personalized transfusion strategies. Methods: A literature search was conducted across electronic databases including CNKI, VIP, Wanfang Data, PubMed, and Embase using combinations of keywords such as "donor characteristics", "blood storage lesion", "blood quality", and "transfusion outcomes" for summary and analysis. Results: Factors associated with the blood donor characteristics including demographic characteristics (sex, age, body mass index), lifestyle habits (smoking, alcohol consumption, exercise), and dietary or pharmacological exposures significantly influence blood storage stability and transfusion efficacy by modulating erythrocyte metabolism, oxidative stress levels, and immune properties. Conclusion: The complexity and diversity of the blood donor characteristics are associated with blood quality and transfusion outcomes. Future efforts should focus on refining donor selection criteria and establishing personalized transfusion strategies to enhance blood product quality and improve patient outcomes.

Objective:To explore the evaluation dimensions and indicators of research hospital, provide empirical evidence for the construction of research hospital.Methods:Non-probability sampling was adopted, physicians from 9 hospitals in Shanghai that have a National Clinical Medical Research Center or Shanghai Clinical Medical Research Center were invited as survey participants. The physician participants were divided into senior and junior groups. For senior group, a questionnaire including 5 dimensions and 21 indicators was provided. The survey participants were consulted to determine whether the indicators can be used to measure this dimension, and also invited to propose additional dimensions and indicators for improvement.For junior group, two open questions were proposed to explore their needs of support in both clinical service and research.Results:Based on suggestions from the research participants, the research team, and other expert consultant, this article tried to propose 5 dimensions and 21 indicators for evaluating research hospitals. Among them, 11 were indicators compiled by the research team based on the literature review and agreed by more than 2/3 of senior physicians surveyed, while others were proposed based on the survey results. The research team planned to use the entropy method to determine the weights of different indicators, thus, the participants were not required to make judgments on the weights of dimensions and indicators.Conclusions:The evaluation of research hospitals has not yet formed a systematic consensus. Through the exploration and establishment of evaluation dimensions and indicators, identify hospitals that are closer to the development goals of research hospitals can provide a basis for future next-step practices.

Objective:To investigate the discriminant function of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in the diagnosis of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) and to evaluate the correlation between vessel density, as measured by OCTA, and visual field mean defect (MD) in patients with POAG.Methods:A case control study was designed.Ninety-five eyes of 54 patients with POAG and ninety-six eyes of 48 healthy subjects in Changsha Aier Eye Hospital were included in this study.The vessel density in the radial peripapillary capillary (RPC) network, the macular vessel density, the ganglion cell complex (GCC) layer thickness, the macular thickness, and the retinal nerve fiber layer thickness were tested for correlation with MD.The aera under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves (AUC), as well as sensitivities at fixed vessel density specificities in the RPC network, and macular regions were analyzed.ROC regression was used to evaluate the effect of covariates on the diagnostic abilities.The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Changsha Aier Eye Hospital.Written informed consent was obtained from all subjects prior to entering the study cohort.Results:Compared with the normal control group, the macular area and vessel density in the RPC network were significantly decreased in the POAG group ( P<0.001). Also in the POAG group, except for the capillary density inside the disc, all other measurements including the density of superficial capillaries in the macula, the density of deep capillaries in the macula, the density of RPC layers around the optic disc, the average capillary density of the optic disc RPC layer, the capillary density of the optic disc RPC layer (above, below, nasal, and temporal), the thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer, the thickness of the whole macular layer, and the thickness of the GCC layer of the macula area were positively correlated with the MD value ( r=0.586, 0.352, 0.610, 0.592, 0.598, 0.589, 0.445, 0.587, 0.578, 0.530, 0.609; all at P<0.01). The AUCs of vessel densities ranged from 0.623 to 0.927.The highest diagnostic efficiency was the RPC vessel density (whole image), the AUC value was 0.927. Conclusions:The OCTA parameters have a high diagnostic ability for POAG, except for the capillary density of inside the disc, all other vascular parameters are positively correlated with the MD value.

OBJECTIVE：To compare chemical composition types and ginsenoside content of Panax notoginseng flowers with different growing years ，and to explore the effect of growing year on the quality of P. notoginseng flowers. METHODS ：Each 10 batches of biennial，triennial and quadrennial P. notoginseng flower were collected and determined by HPLC. The determination was performed on Shim-pack GIST C 18 column with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile- 0.05％ phosphoric acid solution （gradient elution ）at the flow rate of 0.5 mL/min. The column temperature was set at 30 ℃，and the detection wavelength was set at 203 nm. The sample size was 20 μL. Similarity Evaluation System of TCM Chromatogram Fingerprint was used to establish the fingerprint of 30 batches of samples ，identify the diagnostic components and analyze the similarity. Cluster analysis was conducted by using SPSS 22.0 software. The contents of ginsenoside Rb 1，Rb2，Rb3 and Rc in 30 batches of P. notoginseng flower with different growing years were determined by above HPLC . The quality control analysis was conducted by using SPSS 22.0 software. RESULTS：Established fingerprint showed good precision ，stability and reproducibility. There were good linear relationship （R2＞ 0.999），quantitative limit ，precision，stability，repeatability and accuracy of the content determination method . Six common components as ginsenoside Rb 1， Rb2， Rb3 and Rc were Δ 基金项目：云南省地方高校联合专项（No.KX182504Y） identified in P. notoginseng flower with different growing ＊助教，硕士。研究方向：中药资源开发 。电话：0876-2684947。 E-mail：wshuangzaiqiang@163.com years by fingerprint ；ginsenoside Rd was identified in triennial # 通信作者 ：研究员，硕士。研究方向 ：中药资源开发 。电话： P. notoginseng flower. The similarities of the fingerprints 0876-8883731。E-mail：gaomingju@163.com among 10 batches of biennial ，triennial and quadrennial P. 中国药房 2020年第31卷第8期 China Pharmacy 2020Vol. 31 No. 8 ·969· notoginseng flower were 0.881，0.952 and 0.945，respectively. The similarity among samples with different growing ye ars was more than 0.817. Thirty batches of P. notoginseng flower could be grouped into 4 categories，the category Ⅱ was quadrennial samples，the category Ⅲ was triennial samples ，while the categories Ⅰ and Ⅳ were mostly biennial samples and a small number of triennial and quadrennial samples. RSDs of 4 ginsenosides contents and their total contents in biennial samples were 8.90％-21.43％ and total saponin contents were 11.65％-17.76％，respectively. RSDs of 4 ginsenosides contents and their total contents in triennial samples were 6.45％-14.23％，and total saponin contents were 15.74％-19.30％. RSDs of 4 ginsenosides contents and their total contents in quadrennial samples were 7.50％-18.86％，and total saponin contents were 15.92％-20.16％. The results of quality control analysis showed that biennial samples mainly distributed in the areas of Ⅱ and Ⅲ ；triennial and quadrennial samples mainly distributed in the areas of Ⅰ and Ⅱ ；the order of ginsenosides content was Ⅰ ＞Ⅱ ＞Ⅲ. CONCLUSIONS：Chemical components of P. notoginseng flower with different growing years are generally close in types but there still a re some differences ，among which the content of ginsenosides in biennial samples is lower ，fluctuates more ，and the overall quality is slightly poor ；the content of ginsenosides in triennial and quadrennial samples is higher ，fluctuates less ，and the overall quality is higher and tends to be stable.

Objective To compare the efficacy of uniportal VATS and single utility port VATS in treatment of spontaneous pneumothorax.Method From January 2013 to December 2015, we retrospectively collected clinical data of 53 patients with spontaneous pneumothorax who were treated with uniportal VATS, as study group; compared with control group: 53 patients received single utility port VATS in the same period. The clinical data was compared between the two groups, including the operation time, intraoperative blood loss, drainage time, postoperative extubation time, postoperative pain score, postoperative hospitalization and recurrence.Results All patients were successfully completed the operation, no death and serious complications occurred. There were no significant differences in intraoperative blood lose, duration of chest drainage, duration of hospital stay and incidence of serious postoperative complications between two groups (P > 0.05). Mean Visual Analogic Scale (VAS) score for 24 h post-operative pain was: (2.60 ± 0.71) for uniportal VATS and (3.38 ± 0.84) for single utility port VATS (P > 0.05), 72 h post-operative pain was: (1.30 ± 0.51) for uniportal VATS and (1.58 ± 0.62) for single utility port VATS (P > 0.05). Follow up 5 ~ 36 months, median follow up was 19 months. No recurrence occurred during follow up.Conclusions The study suggested that both surgical approaches to spontaneous pneumothorax are safe and effective. Significant differences were found for early post-operative pain between the two approaches, the uniportal way is better. It is worthy of clinical promoting.

In this study, the Geographic Information System for Global Medicinal Plants (GMPGIS) was used to assess the global production and ecological adaptation of Panax notoginseng. Based on climate factors and soil types of P.notoginseng from 326 sampling sites, which cover both traditional and current major producing regions, as well as on the results of the ecological similarity computing analysis, we obtained the maximum ecological similarity areas for P.notoginseng worldwide. The results indicated that China was the most suitable ecological and cultivated area globally for P.notoginseng, accounting for more than 70% of the total cultivated area in the world. The United States, Brazil, Portugal, and other 22 countries also had a small amount of potential suitable producing area. China has eight potential suitable producing provinces, including Yunnan, Fujian, Guangxi, Guizhou, etc. The prediction is consistent with the new district of P.notoginseng reported in recent years, which verifies the accuracy of the prediction of GMPGIS. We conducted a literature analysis on resource regeneration and quality ecology on P.notoginseng, and summarized the cultivation, wild tending models, and effects of environmental factors on the quality of P. notoginseng. The results provide scientific basis for selection of P.notoginseng, as well as the introduction, cultivation, and production of P. notoginseng worldwide.

ObjectiveTo investigate the status and explore methods to improve the quality of diabetic education for young and middle-aged patients.MethodsOutpatients took part in diabetic education program and young and middle-aged diabetic patients that visited the eastern district of affiliated hospital of Qingdao university medical college from May 1st,2010 to Oct.30th,2010 were investigated with questionnaire for their diabetic education status and demands.ResultsA total of 381 patients were enrolled in this study.59.1％ clinical diabetic education program participants were aged 60 or older and only 40.9％ were aged 20 to 59 years,of whom 66.7％ had been diagnosed with diabetes more than 5 years and only 33.3％ had been diagnosed with diabetes less than 5 years.According to the survey of 101 young and middle-aged diabetic patients,only 16.8％ patients younger than 60 took part in different kinds of diabetic education programs but about 95％ young and middle aged patients wished to participate in diabetic education programs.ConclusionYoung and middle-aged diabetic patients have received much less diabetic education than elderly patients.Diabetic education for young and middle-aged patients needs to be strengthened urgently.

Characteristics of fructification and seed ripening of Panax stipuleanatus were studied in this paper with a view to better understand the species' biological characteristics and promote cultivation. Dynamic of fructification and types of fruits were observed in a period of 80 days. The seeds' biological characteristics were evaluated by observing embryo's vitality and changes in form in a period of 225 d. The findings and conclusions were as follows: A plant produces an average of (38.7 +/- 6.5) seeds; Seeds become fully mature 80 days after setting fruit, and fruits grow more rapidly in 0-40 days with an increase of 1 500.83% in fresh weight. Three types of fruits were found, that is mono-seed type, bi-seeds type and triple-seeds type, and the proportion is 9.53%, 58.66%, 1.81%, respectively. The seeds are (5.16-6. 52) mm in length and (3.12-4.95) mm in width. The weight of 1000 seeds is (0.648 +/- 0.014) g with a moisture content of (55.23 +/- 0.49)%. The after-ripening of embryo in Panax stipuleanatus is morphological form, embryos develop 75 days after the seeds' detaching from mother plant and become mature in 165-180 days with the ending of the process of after-ripening. The vitality of embryo reaches 70% , and the length of embryo is (3.217 +/- 0.406) mm and the width (0.872 +/- 0.165) mm. The seeds will germinate in 195 d.
Fruit ; growth & development ; Germination ; physiology ; Kinetin ; biosynthesis ; metabolism ; physiology ; Panax ; chemistry ; physiology ; Physiological Phenomena ; Seeds ; physiology

OBJECTIVETo reveal the flowering characteristics of Panax stipuleanatus and provide theoretical basis for distant hybridization between P. stipuleanatus and P. notoginseng.

METHODDuring the blossom of P. stipuleanatus, we observed and investigated blooming phenophase, growth dynamics of inflorescence, pollination and seed setting of its population and the flowering process and its period, the regularity of flowering and pollinating of the floret. Statistic analyses were carried out.

RESULT AND CONCLUSIONThe population florescence of P. stipuleanatus was about 60 d. The average florets quality of umbel was 44-47. The average natural pollination rates were 73.32%-95.39%. The average seed setting rates was 35.65%-51.76%. The highest growth periods of inflorescence are from March 25 to April 4. The diameter, the height and the length of its inflorescence in 10 d increased 44.65%, 42.19% and 106.25%, respectively. The whole stereotype period was the May beginning. The time that the floret from petal opening to withering it generally needed 36-48 h, 60 percent of the floret finished auther pollinating during the same day and 40 percent until the next day. The flowering and pollinating peak periods were 14:00-15:00, the flowering numbers was 28.48% of the total flowering amount and the pollinating numbers were 38.63% of the total pollinating amount. The high temperature (20-30 degrees C) and the low humidity (RH < 60%) were beneficial to flowering and pollinating.

Flowers ; growth & development ; physiology ; Inflorescence ; growth & development ; physiology ; Panax ; growth & development ; physiology ; Pollination ; Seeds ; physiology