Local anesthetics (LAs), such as articaine (AT), exhibit limited efficacy in inflammatory environments, which constitutes a significant limitation in their clinical application within oral medicine. In our prior research, we developed AT-17, which demonstrated effective properties in chronic inflammatory conditions and appears to function as a novel oral LA that could address this challenge. In the present study, we further elucidated the beneficial effects of AT-17 in acute inflammation, particularly in oral acute inflammation, where mitochondrial-related apoptosis played a crucial role. Our findings indicated that AT-17 effectively inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nerve cell apoptosis by ameliorating mitochondrial dysfunction in vitro. This process involved the inhibition of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) production and the subsequent activation of the NRF2 pathway. Most notably, improvements in mitochondria-related apoptosis were key contributors to AT-17's inhibition of voltage-gated sodium channels. Additionally, AT-17 was shown to reduce mtROS production in nerve cells through the Na⁺/NCLX/ETC signaling axis. In conclusion, we have developed a novel local anesthetic that exhibits pronounced anesthetic functionality under inflammatory conditions by enhancing mitochondria-related apoptosis. This advancement holds considerable promise for future drug development and deepening our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of action.

Objective: To construct a scientific and perfect evaluation index system of infectious disease prevention and control ability in colleges and universities, so as to provide reference tools for colleges and universities to effectively respond to infectious disease. Methods: The initial framework of the evaluation index system of infectious disease prevention and control ability in colleges and universities was constructed by using literature analysis method. Experts familiar with infectious disease prevention and control or school health work were selected to conduct two rounds( n =16，18) of Delphi expert consultation for determining the evaluation index system. Analytical hierarchy process was used to calculate the index weights and combined weights. About 198 prevention and control personnel were conveniently selected from 3 universities in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region to comprehensively evaluate the evaluation indicators by using fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. Results: After two rounds of Delphi consultation questionnaire, the effective recovery rates were 80.0% and 90.0%, the expert authority levels were 0.89 and 0.86, the expert harmony coefficients for Kendall W were 0.166 and 0.310, and the variation coefficient of each index was <0.25. Finally, the evaluation index system of infectious disease prevention and control ability of colleges and universities included 4 first level indicators, 14 second level indicators and 75 third level indicators. The weights of prevention and monitoring and early warning, organizational system guarantee, emergency management, rehabilitation and summary were 0.176, 0.476, 0.268 and 0.080, respectively. The top 3 weights of the secondary indexes were 0.623 for infectious disease surveillance and early warning, 0.595 for loss assessment and 0.370 for emergency response. The score of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation of the index system of infectious disease prevention and control ability in colleges and universities was 79.148, suggesting a high level. Conclusion The established evaluation index system of infectious disease prevention and control ability in colleges and universities is scientific and reasonable, which is conducive to provide tool reference for the evaluation of infectious disease prevention and control ability in colleges and universities.

Objective To investigate the predictive value of serum lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2(Lp-PLA2)and homocysteine(Hcy)combined with white matter hyperintensities(WMH)for cognitive impairment in patients with cerebral small vessel disease(CSVD).Methods A total of 240 patients with CSVD were selected.According to the Montreal Cognitive Assessment(MoCA)scale,all subjects were divided into the non-cognitive impairment group(MoCA≥26 points,120 cases)and the cognitive impairment group(MoCA＜26 points,120 cases).Paraventricular white matter high signal(PWMHs)and deep white matter high signal(DWMHs)were scored by Fazekas scale.The sum of the two parts was the total score,and the severity of DWMHs was graded by the score.The basic information,serum Lp-PLA2,Hcy level and severity of WMH were compared between the two groups.Logistic regression was applied to analyze influencing factors of cognitive impairment in CSVD patients.The predictive value of serum level of Lp-PLA2 and Hcy and WMH for cognitive impairment in CSVD patients was analyzed by receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve.Results Compared with the non-cognitive impairment group,patients of the cognitive impairment group were older,had higher serum levels of Lp-PLA2 and Hcy,and had more severe of WMH(P＜0.05).Results of Logistic regression analysis showed that serum Lp-PLA2,Hcy levels and severity of WMH were influencing factors for cognitive impairment of patients with CSVD(P＜0.05).The results of ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve of serum Lp-PLA2,Hcy level combined with severity of WMH predicting cognitive impairment in patents with CSVD was 0.812,the sensitivity was 81.7%and the specificity was 71.7%(P＜0.05).Conclusion Patients with cognitive impairment caused by CSVD have higher serum levels of Lp-PLA2 and Hcy,and more severe WMH.The combination of the three has a relatively high predictive value for cognitive impairment in patents with CSVD.

In the past, aortic dissection, aortic aneurysm, and other aortic diseases, primarily rely on surgical intervention. In recent years, due to breakthroughs in materials science, endovascular therapy has become the first choice for the surgical treatment of most aortic diseases. However, traditional endovascular repair cannot fully meet the clinical needs for certain complex lesions involving the aortic arch and the originations of visceral arteries. The emergence of physician-modified stent technology has brought new hope for the treatment of complex aortic diseases. This article provides a detailed introduction to the concept, development, technical characteristics, and applications of physician-modified stents in the treatment of aortic diseases, analyzing their advantages and limitations. Physician-modified stents serve as a powerful complement to traditional endovascular interventions and commercial branched stents, yet further research and refinement are still required.

Objective To explore the valve regurgitation status of left heart after the implantation of left ventricular assist device (LVAD) and its effect on prognosis of patients with LVAD implantation. Methods A total of 35 patients with cardiomyopathy who underwent magnetic levitation LVAD implantation at Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University from February 2021 to July 2024 were retrospectively selected. Clinical data during hospitalization were collected, including preoperative basic data and postoperative valve regurgitation status. Telephone follow-ups were conducted to monitor patients’ survival status and transthoracic echocardiography was used to assess left valve function. Kaplan-Meier survival curves and log-rank test were employed to compare the survival rate of patients with different levels of valve regurgitation. Results The 35 patients had a mean age of (53.9±11.1) years, with 85.7% male, and 3 patients (8.6%) died during hospitalization. Preoperatively, 17 patients (48.6%) had moderate or greater mitral regurgitation, while all 35 patients had less than moderate aortic regurgitation. One month postoperatively, thirty patients were followed up, among which 24 patients (80%) had less than moderate mitral regurgitation, including 11 cases with alleviated regurgitation compared to pre-surgery; 6 patients (20%) had moderate or greater mitral regurgitation, including 4 cases with stable regurgitation and 2 cases with progression of regurgitation compared to pre-surgery; 2 patients (6.7%) had progression of aortic regurgitation to moderate or greater. The follow-up time was 1.2 (1.0, 2.1) years, with 1-year survival rate of 91.4% and 3-year survival rate of 71.1%. Survival analysis showed that the 3-year survival rate of patients with moderate or greater mitral regurgitation one month postoperatively was significantly lower than that of patients with less than moderate regurgitation (66.7% vs 83.3%, P＝0.046). Conclusions After the implantation of magnetic levitation LVAD, most patients showed improvement in mitral regurgitation, while aortic regurgitation remained unchanged. The degree of mitral regurgitation one month postoperatively is associated with prognosis.

Objective:To investigate immunomodulatory effects of methionine enkephalin(MENK)on macrophages,and to explore effect of opsonizing receptors in anti-influenza virus infection of macrophages.Methods:Potential targets for antiviral effects of MENK on macrophages were explored by network pharmacology.Proteomics analysis was used to identify differentially expressed pro-teins(DEPs)in macrophages of MENK-PR8 and PR8 groups.DEPs were analyzed by bioinformatics,and key factors were verified by qPCR and Western blot.Results:MENK had 85 intersection targets with macrophages and influenza viruses,of which 7 were related to phagosome pathway(mmu04145).A total of 215 DEPs were identified by mass spectrometry,which were highly enriched in phago-some(mmu04145)and interaction of viral proteins with cytokines and cytokine receptors(mmu04061)pathways.qPCR and Western blot showed that Fc gamma receptor(FcγR)and complement receptor(CR3)related to phagosome were highly expressed.Conclu-sion:MENK enhances function of phagocytosis and killing virus by upregulating opsonizing receptors via opioid receptor,suggesting that MENK can serve as an immune modulator or a novel preventive drug for influenza viruses.

Objective To investigate the predictive value of serum lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2(Lp-PLA2)and homocysteine(Hcy)combined with white matter hyperintensities(WMH)for cognitive impairment in patients with cerebral small vessel disease(CSVD).Methods A total of 240 patients with CSVD were selected.According to the Montreal Cognitive Assessment(MoCA)scale,all subjects were divided into the non-cognitive impairment group(MoCA≥26 points,120 cases)and the cognitive impairment group(MoCA＜26 points,120 cases).Paraventricular white matter high signal(PWMHs)and deep white matter high signal(DWMHs)were scored by Fazekas scale.The sum of the two parts was the total score,and the severity of DWMHs was graded by the score.The basic information,serum Lp-PLA2,Hcy level and severity of WMH were compared between the two groups.Logistic regression was applied to analyze influencing factors of cognitive impairment in CSVD patients.The predictive value of serum level of Lp-PLA2 and Hcy and WMH for cognitive impairment in CSVD patients was analyzed by receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve.Results Compared with the non-cognitive impairment group,patients of the cognitive impairment group were older,had higher serum levels of Lp-PLA2 and Hcy,and had more severe of WMH(P＜0.05).Results of Logistic regression analysis showed that serum Lp-PLA2,Hcy levels and severity of WMH were influencing factors for cognitive impairment of patients with CSVD(P＜0.05).The results of ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve of serum Lp-PLA2,Hcy level combined with severity of WMH predicting cognitive impairment in patents with CSVD was 0.812,the sensitivity was 81.7%and the specificity was 71.7%(P＜0.05).Conclusion Patients with cognitive impairment caused by CSVD have higher serum levels of Lp-PLA2 and Hcy,and more severe WMH.The combination of the three has a relatively high predictive value for cognitive impairment in patents with CSVD.

Objective:To investigate immunomodulatory effects of methionine enkephalin(MENK)on macrophages,and to explore effect of opsonizing receptors in anti-influenza virus infection of macrophages.Methods:Potential targets for antiviral effects of MENK on macrophages were explored by network pharmacology.Proteomics analysis was used to identify differentially expressed pro-teins(DEPs)in macrophages of MENK-PR8 and PR8 groups.DEPs were analyzed by bioinformatics,and key factors were verified by qPCR and Western blot.Results:MENK had 85 intersection targets with macrophages and influenza viruses,of which 7 were related to phagosome pathway(mmu04145).A total of 215 DEPs were identified by mass spectrometry,which were highly enriched in phago-some(mmu04145)and interaction of viral proteins with cytokines and cytokine receptors(mmu04061)pathways.qPCR and Western blot showed that Fc gamma receptor(FcγR)and complement receptor(CR3)related to phagosome were highly expressed.Conclu-sion:MENK enhances function of phagocytosis and killing virus by upregulating opsonizing receptors via opioid receptor,suggesting that MENK can serve as an immune modulator or a novel preventive drug for influenza viruses.

China prospective multicenter birth cohort (Prospective Omics Health Atlas birth cohort, POHA birth cohort) study was officially launched in 2022. This study, in collaboration with 12 participating units, aims to establish a high-quality, multidimensional cohort comprising 20 000 naturally conceived families and assisted reproductive families. The study involves long-term follow-up of parents and offspring, with corresponding biological samples collected at key time points. Through multi-omics testing and analysis, the study aims to conduct multi-omics big data research across the entire maternal and infant life cycle. The goal is to identify new biomarkers for maternal and infant diseases and provide scientific evidence for risk prediction related to maternal diseases and neonatal health.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical application of urine sediment score (USS) in early diagnosis, etiological differentiation, staging and prognosis of acute kidney injury (AKI), and to investigate the diagnostic efficacy of independent USS and its combination with blood urea nitrogen(Bun) serum creatinine(sCr) and uric acid(UA) in AKI.Methods:From August 23 to September 28, 2023, 9 020 morning urine samples of hospitalized patients in the First Hospital of Jilin University were detected by Sysmex UF5000.A total of 3 226 ssamples with small and round cell (SRC) > 1/μl and/or CAST>1/μl were screened for microscopic examination, and 404 cases with positive renal tubular epithelial cells and/or cast were enrolled in this study. There were 218 males and 186 females, aged 59.5 (49.0, 71.0) years. The 404 cases were divided into the USS AKI group (345 cases) and the USS non-AKI group (59 cases) according to the USS results based on the microscopic findings. According to Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria, they were divided into KDIGO criteria AKI group (63 cases) and KDIGO criteria non-AKI group (341 cases), and the AKI group was divided into renal AKI group (33 cases) and non-renal AKI group (30 cases). According to the clinical diagnosis recorded in the medical records, they were divided into clinically diagnosed AKI group (29 cases) and clinically diagnosed non-AKI group (375 cases).The χ 2 test or Fisher exact test was used to compare USS in different AKI causes and stages. Logistic regression was used to calculate the odds ratio of renal AKI and stage 3 AKI. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was used to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of USS, sCr, UA and Bun alone and in combination in the diagnosis of AKI, and the best cut-off value, sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of AKI were calculated. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results:The USS was used to identify the etiology of KDIGO standard AKI group,and there were significant differences in USS between renal AKI group and non-renal AKI group (χ 2=11.070, P<0.001). Compared to USS=1, the odds ratio of renal AKI was 8.125 when USS≥2 (95% CI 2.208—29.901). There was a statistically significant difference in the comparison of USS between groups in each stage of the AKI staging study based on USS (χ 2=15.724, P<0.05). Compared to USS=1, the odds ratio of stage 3 AKI was 9.714 when USS≥2 (95% CI 1.145-82.390). The AUC of independent USS in the diagnosis of AKI was 0.687 (95% CI 0.618-0.757, P<0.001), the specificity was 65.7% and the sensitivity was 61.9%. The AUC of USS combined with Bun, sCr, UA in the diagnosis of AKI was 0.794 (95% CI 0.608-0.980, P<0.05), the specificity was 82.4%, and the sensitivity was 88.9%. Conclusions:There wasan increased likelihood of renal AKI or stage 3 AKI while USS≥2,and whose combination with Bun, sCr and UA will improve the diagnostic efficiency of AKI.