ObjectiveTo investigate the changing trends of the incidence rate， prevalence rate， mortality rate， and disability-adjusted life years （DALYs） of benign hepatobiliary and pancreatic diseases among people aged 15 — 39 years in China in 1990 — 2021. MethodsThe data of 2021 Global Burden of Disease Study were downloaded to obtain the epidemiological data of liver fibrosis/chronic liver disease， benign gallbladder/biliary tract diseases， and pancreatitis among people aged 15 — 39 years in China， and estimated annual percentage change （EAPC） was calculated to assess the changing trends of incidence， prevalence， mortality， and DALY rates. The Bayesian age-period-cohort model was used to predict the incidence and mortality rates from 2022 to 2030. ResultsIn 2021， there were 10 448 778 new cases of benign hepatobiliary and pancreatic diseases among the individuals aged 15 — 39 years in China， which was increased by 3.8% compared with the data in 1990， while the numbers of prevalent cases， deaths， and DALYs were reduced by 20.4%， 59.6%， and 50.2%， respectively. In 2021， the age-standardized incidence rates of liver fibrosis/chronic liver disease， benign gallbladder/biliary tract diseases， and pancreatitis were 1 104.40/100 000， 1 045.05/100 000， and 16.64/100 000， respectively； the age-standardized prevalence rates were 20 592.37/100 000， 2 364.85/100 000， and 9.43/100 000， respectively； the age-standardized mortality rates were 1.61/100 000， 0.04/100 000， and 0.18/100 000， respectively. From 1990 to 2021， there was a tendency of increase in the age-standardized incidence rate of liver fibrosis/chronic liver disease （EAPC=0.43， 95% confidence interval ［CI］： 0.23 — 0.63）， and there was also a tendency of increase in the age-standardized incidence and prevalence rates of benign gallbladder/biliary tract diseases （incidence rate： EAPC=1.07， 95%CI： 0.91 — 1.24； prevalence rate： EAPC=0.75， 95%CI： 0.59 — 0.89）， while there was a tendency of reduction in the age-standardized mortality rate of all three disease categories. Predictions for 2022 — 2030 indicated a potential reduction in the incidence rate of benign gallbladder/biliary tract diseases and an increase in the incidence rate of pancreatitis. ConclusionThere has been an overall upward trend in the incidence rate of liver fibrosis/chronic liver disease and gallbladder/biliary tract diseases over the past three decades， and it is needed to pay attention to the disease burden of benign hepatobiliary diseases among the people aged 15 — 39 years in China.

Objective To investigate the effects of Cardamonin on the proliferation,migration and invasion of CAL27 cells in tongue squamous cell carcinoma,and to elucidate its possible mechanism of action.Methods CAL27 cells were treated with different concentra-tions of Cardamonin for 24h and 48h respectively.CCK-8 assay was used to detect cell proliferation,and the optimal drug concentration and action time were screened for subsequent experiments.Clonal formation assay was used to detect cell proliferation.Scratch test and Transwell test were used to detecte the ability of cell migration and invasion.Western blot method was used to detecte the expression levels of EMT related protein and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B(PI3K/Akt)pathway related protein.Results Within a cer-tain concentration,Cardamonin inhibited the proliferation,migration and invasion of tongue squamous cell carcinoma CAL27 cells in a concentration-dependent manner,and the inhibitory effect became more obvious with the increase of concentration and time in a certain range.In addition,with the increase of drug concentration,the protein expression of E-cadherin showed an upward trend,while the pro-tein expression of N-cadherin,Vimentin and phosphorylated efferent molecules downstream of PI3K(p-PI3K and p-Akt)showed a downward trend.Treatment with PI3K agonist 740Y-P could partially reverse the anticancer effect of Cardamonin,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Conclusion Cardamonin can inhibit the proliferation,migration and invasion of CAL27 cells in tongue squamous cell carcinoma cells,and its mechanism may be related to the regulation of EMT process by inhibiting PI3K/Akt signaling pathway,which provides a new potential strategy and drug target for the treatment of tongue squamous cell carcinoma.

Objective:To investigate teachers' evaluation and willingness and the influencing factors regarding the adoption of the flipped classroom teaching mode in undergraduate pediatrics education.Methods:From December 2022 to December 2024, a questionnaire survey was conducted among the teachers who were responsible for teaching Child Health and Disease（Pediatrics) to the eight-year clinical medicine students at Peking University Health Science Center. Their views, evaluation, and willingness of implementing the flipped classroom teaching mode were investigated. Logistic regression analysis was performed using SPSS 26.0 software to explore the factors influencing teachers' willingness to adopt the flipped classroom teaching mode.Results:A total of 102 questionnaires were collected. Among the teachers, 20.59%（ n=21) believed that the teaching effect of the flipped classroom was better than that of the traditional class, 58.82%（ n=60) considered its effectiveness comparable, and 20.59%（ n=21) found it less effective. The most influential factors affecting the effectiveness of flipped classroom were students' self-learning with online videos [(4.39±0.73) points], student participation in the flipped classrooms [(4.26±0.72) points], the adequacy of teachers' pre-class preparation [(4.18±0.65) points], and the suitability of the teaching content for the flipped classroom [(4.11±0.76) points]. Teachers believed that the flipped classroom significantly enhanced students' autonomous learning ability [(4.11±0.63) points], clinical thinking [(4.04±0.58) points], and expression skills [(3.80±0.61) points]. Additionally, 78.43%（ n=80) of the teachers expressed willingness to continue participating in flipped classroom teaching. Factors influencing teachers' willingness to adopt the flipped classroom included gender, satisfaction with students' classroom participation, and personal experience with the effectiveness of the flipped classroom（ P<0.05). Conclusions:The flipped classroom teaching mode is well-accepted by teachers. Students' classroom participation affects teachers' willingness to continue using the flipped classroom teaching mode. In the future, the content of flipped classroom should be arranged individually according to specific teaching objectives to increase students' classroom participation and promote the cultivation of students' ability.

Objective:To investigate teachers' evaluation and willingness and the influencing factors regarding the adoption of the flipped classroom teaching mode in undergraduate pediatrics education.Methods:From December 2022 to December 2024, a questionnaire survey was conducted among the teachers who were responsible for teaching Child Health and Disease（Pediatrics) to the eight-year clinical medicine students at Peking University Health Science Center. Their views, evaluation, and willingness of implementing the flipped classroom teaching mode were investigated. Logistic regression analysis was performed using SPSS 26.0 software to explore the factors influencing teachers' willingness to adopt the flipped classroom teaching mode.Results:A total of 102 questionnaires were collected. Among the teachers, 20.59%（ n=21) believed that the teaching effect of the flipped classroom was better than that of the traditional class, 58.82%（ n=60) considered its effectiveness comparable, and 20.59%（ n=21) found it less effective. The most influential factors affecting the effectiveness of flipped classroom were students' self-learning with online videos [(4.39±0.73) points], student participation in the flipped classrooms [(4.26±0.72) points], the adequacy of teachers' pre-class preparation [(4.18±0.65) points], and the suitability of the teaching content for the flipped classroom [(4.11±0.76) points]. Teachers believed that the flipped classroom significantly enhanced students' autonomous learning ability [(4.11±0.63) points], clinical thinking [(4.04±0.58) points], and expression skills [(3.80±0.61) points]. Additionally, 78.43%（ n=80) of the teachers expressed willingness to continue participating in flipped classroom teaching. Factors influencing teachers' willingness to adopt the flipped classroom included gender, satisfaction with students' classroom participation, and personal experience with the effectiveness of the flipped classroom（ P<0.05). Conclusions:The flipped classroom teaching mode is well-accepted by teachers. Students' classroom participation affects teachers' willingness to continue using the flipped classroom teaching mode. In the future, the content of flipped classroom should be arranged individually according to specific teaching objectives to increase students' classroom participation and promote the cultivation of students' ability.

Objective To investigate the effects of Cardamonin on the proliferation,migration and invasion of CAL27 cells in tongue squamous cell carcinoma,and to elucidate its possible mechanism of action.Methods CAL27 cells were treated with different concentra-tions of Cardamonin for 24h and 48h respectively.CCK-8 assay was used to detect cell proliferation,and the optimal drug concentration and action time were screened for subsequent experiments.Clonal formation assay was used to detect cell proliferation.Scratch test and Transwell test were used to detecte the ability of cell migration and invasion.Western blot method was used to detecte the expression levels of EMT related protein and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B(PI3K/Akt)pathway related protein.Results Within a cer-tain concentration,Cardamonin inhibited the proliferation,migration and invasion of tongue squamous cell carcinoma CAL27 cells in a concentration-dependent manner,and the inhibitory effect became more obvious with the increase of concentration and time in a certain range.In addition,with the increase of drug concentration,the protein expression of E-cadherin showed an upward trend,while the pro-tein expression of N-cadherin,Vimentin and phosphorylated efferent molecules downstream of PI3K(p-PI3K and p-Akt)showed a downward trend.Treatment with PI3K agonist 740Y-P could partially reverse the anticancer effect of Cardamonin,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Conclusion Cardamonin can inhibit the proliferation,migration and invasion of CAL27 cells in tongue squamous cell carcinoma cells,and its mechanism may be related to the regulation of EMT process by inhibiting PI3K/Akt signaling pathway,which provides a new potential strategy and drug target for the treatment of tongue squamous cell carcinoma.

Currently,electroencephalogram(EEG),functional near-infrared spectroscopy(fNIRS),and functional magnetic resonance imaging have been widely studied and applied to neuropsychiatric disorders.In recent years,the devices which can realize the simultaneous acquisition of EEG and fNIRS has been developed and gradually applied in the studies on neuropsychiatric disorders.The review provides an introduction of the techniques of synchronized detection and data analysis for EEG-fNIRS,summarizes the analysis methods and new findings of the recent studies of stroke,epilepsy,and other neuropsychiatric disorders using EEG-fNIRS,and also discusses the future research directions.

Objective: To understand the oral health status and associated factors of preschool children with disabilities in Bengbu City, so as to provide evidence for preventing dental caries in children with disabilities. Methods: From September 2021 to March 2022, a total of 405 preschool children with disabilities from two rehabilitation institutions in Bengbu were randomly selected for oral health examination, questionnaire survey and physical examination. The caries prevalence rate among disabled children was analyzed. After grouping based on childrens BMI, the correlation between body mass index (BMI) and dental caries among children was explored. Multivariate binary Logistic regression analysis was employed to investigate the factors associated with dental caries occurrence in children. Results: The prevalence of dental caries in preschool children with disabilities was 74.07%, with rates of 71.01% for boys and 77.27% for girls. There was a significant difference in caries prevalence between boys and girls aged 5（66.67%，88.24%） (χ2=7.53, P<0.05). There were significant differences in the dmft index among different BMI groups (underweight: 240, normal weight: 606, overweight:30,obese:60,H=35.66,P<0.05). BMI was negatively correlated with dmft（r=-0.50，P＜0.01）. Frequent tooth brushing (2-3 times daily), the use of fluoride toothpaste, limited intake of sugary foods (< 2 times/d) in the past six months, and exclusively breastfeeding within first six months were negatively correlated with the occurrence of dental caries in disabled children (OR=0.09，0.41，0.24, P＜0.05). Sleep forward to eat，parental education level of junior high school or lower, and parental education of vocational school or high school were positively correlated with dental caries (OR=3.18，5.95，3.99，66.95，7.75，P＜0.05). Conclusions The caries prevalence rate of disabled children in Bengbu City is high and is influenced by multiple factors. It is time to strengthen the oral health training for parents and teachers in educational institutions, pay attention to childrens oral health care, and help disabled children improve their quality of life.

Objective:By observing the loss(LORR)and recovery of righting reflex(RORR)in mice after anes-thesia and the exploration of Y-maze,explore the role of oxytocin(OXT)in promoting arousal in mice.Methods:The expression of oxytocin receptor(OXTR)in the cell bodies and tyrosine hydroxylase(TH)positive immunoreactive neu-rons in locus coeruleus(LC)was verified by immunofluorescence staining.Using the function of intraperitoneal injec-tion anesthesia and gas anesthesia,and intraperitoneal injection,intrathecal injection,and right LC single tube catheter administration,OXT or saline given as experimental group and control group,respectively,explored the time needed in the induction anesthesia period and anesthesia recovery period of mice after administration,and conducted Y-maze test on groups with statistically different anesthesia results,then explored the exploration of novel arm in Y-maze after 6,9,18 and 24 hours of RORR.Results:In LC,TH and OXTR positive neurons had double labeling.There was no differ-ence in the time of RORR after intraperitoneal injection and intrathecal injection of OXT and saline respectively,and no difference in the time of LORR and RORR after single-tube cannula administration of OXT and saline with intraperitone-al anesthesia and gas anesthesia.Compared with the control group,the recovery time of mice in the experimental group under gas anesthesia given OXT with single cannula was reduced(P＜0.05).In this group,the exploration activities of Y-maze novel arm increased after 9 hours of anesthesia recovery(P＜0.05),but there was no significant statistical difference in the exploration activities of Y-maze novel arm at 6,18 and 24 hours.Western Blot showed that compared with the control group,the expression of TH in LC in the experimental group increased significantly within 9 hours after anesthesia(P＜0.05),and then began to decrease after 9 hours(P＜0.01).Conclusion:OXT can promote the arousal of mice,and the cognitive degree of mice given OXT recovered better after waking up for 9 hours after anesthe-sia.

Objective:By observing the loss(LORR)and recovery of righting reflex(RORR)in mice after anes-thesia and the exploration of Y-maze,explore the role of oxytocin(OXT)in promoting arousal in mice.Methods:The expression of oxytocin receptor(OXTR)in the cell bodies and tyrosine hydroxylase(TH)positive immunoreactive neu-rons in locus coeruleus(LC)was verified by immunofluorescence staining.Using the function of intraperitoneal injec-tion anesthesia and gas anesthesia,and intraperitoneal injection,intrathecal injection,and right LC single tube catheter administration,OXT or saline given as experimental group and control group,respectively,explored the time needed in the induction anesthesia period and anesthesia recovery period of mice after administration,and conducted Y-maze test on groups with statistically different anesthesia results,then explored the exploration of novel arm in Y-maze after 6,9,18 and 24 hours of RORR.Results:In LC,TH and OXTR positive neurons had double labeling.There was no differ-ence in the time of RORR after intraperitoneal injection and intrathecal injection of OXT and saline respectively,and no difference in the time of LORR and RORR after single-tube cannula administration of OXT and saline with intraperitone-al anesthesia and gas anesthesia.Compared with the control group,the recovery time of mice in the experimental group under gas anesthesia given OXT with single cannula was reduced(P＜0.05).In this group,the exploration activities of Y-maze novel arm increased after 9 hours of anesthesia recovery(P＜0.05),but there was no significant statistical difference in the exploration activities of Y-maze novel arm at 6,18 and 24 hours.Western Blot showed that compared with the control group,the expression of TH in LC in the experimental group increased significantly within 9 hours after anesthesia(P＜0.05),and then began to decrease after 9 hours(P＜0.01).Conclusion:OXT can promote the arousal of mice,and the cognitive degree of mice given OXT recovered better after waking up for 9 hours after anesthe-sia.

During the mandate duty in primary military hospital, we conducted continuing neurological education combining with the hospitals trait and department needs. By using the concept of competency-based education, we have explored a pattern of continuing medical education suitable for primary physicians. Thematic approach was implemented for acquiring professional knowledge, formative evaluation was applied for training effect assessment, and scientific clinical thinking was emphasized for promoting the demand of lifelong learning. Under the communication and efforts of teachers and learners, we have obtained good clinical effect and positive social affection by the competency-based neurological education.