Objective:To analyze the relationships among sense of coherence, social avoidance and distress, and severity of depressive symptoms in adolescent patients with depression.Methods:A total of 98 adolescent patients with depression hospitalized at the Affiliated Mental Health Center of Zhejiang University School of Medicine (Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital) from June 2023 to January 2024 were selected by convenience sampling. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), the Sense of Coherence Scale-13 (SOC-13), and the Social Avoidance and Distress Scale (SADS) were used for assessment. Pearson correlation analysis was conducted to examine the correlations among severity of depressive symptoms, sense of coherence, and social avoidance and distress. A structural equation model was established using AMOS 23.0 software, and the mediating effect was verified by the percentile Bootstrap method with the PROCESS macro.Results:The CES-D total score of the 98 patients was (22.36±1.75) ; the SOC-13 total score was (55.02±3.38), with the highest dimension score in manageability (mean 4.38±0.52 per item). The SADS total score was (19.40±1.39), including a score of (10.26±0.98) for social avoidance and (9.14±1.01) for social distress. Pearson correlation analysis indicated that CES-D total score was negatively correlated with SOC-13 total score and positively correlated with SADS total score ( P<0.05). Mediation analysis showed that social avoidance and distress partially mediated the relationship between sense of coherence and severity of depressive symptoms in adolescents with depression, with a mediation effect value of -0.333, accounting for 62.95% of the total effect (-0.333/-0.529) . Conclusions:Adolescent patients with depression had a generally low level of sense of coherence and a high level of social avoidance and distress. Sense of coherence was negatively correlated with social avoidance and distress.

Objective:To analyze the relationships among sense of coherence, social avoidance and distress, and severity of depressive symptoms in adolescent patients with depression.Methods:A total of 98 adolescent patients with depression hospitalized at the Affiliated Mental Health Center of Zhejiang University School of Medicine (Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital) from June 2023 to January 2024 were selected by convenience sampling. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), the Sense of Coherence Scale-13 (SOC-13), and the Social Avoidance and Distress Scale (SADS) were used for assessment. Pearson correlation analysis was conducted to examine the correlations among severity of depressive symptoms, sense of coherence, and social avoidance and distress. A structural equation model was established using AMOS 23.0 software, and the mediating effect was verified by the percentile Bootstrap method with the PROCESS macro.Results:The CES-D total score of the 98 patients was (22.36±1.75) ; the SOC-13 total score was (55.02±3.38), with the highest dimension score in manageability (mean 4.38±0.52 per item). The SADS total score was (19.40±1.39), including a score of (10.26±0.98) for social avoidance and (9.14±1.01) for social distress. Pearson correlation analysis indicated that CES-D total score was negatively correlated with SOC-13 total score and positively correlated with SADS total score ( P<0.05). Mediation analysis showed that social avoidance and distress partially mediated the relationship between sense of coherence and severity of depressive symptoms in adolescents with depression, with a mediation effect value of -0.333, accounting for 62.95% of the total effect (-0.333/-0.529) . Conclusions:Adolescent patients with depression had a generally low level of sense of coherence and a high level of social avoidance and distress. Sense of coherence was negatively correlated with social avoidance and distress.

The global COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic has infected over 109 million people, leading to over 2 million deaths up to date and still lacking of effective drugs for patient treatment. Here, we screened about 1.8 million small molecules against the main protease (M^pro) and papain like protease (PL^pro), two major proteases in severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 genome, and identified 1851M^pro inhibitors and 205 PL^pro inhibitors with low nmol/l activity of the best hits. Among these inhibitors, eight small molecules showed dual inhibition effects on both M^pro and PL^pro, exhibiting potential as better candidates for COVID-19 treatment. The best inhibitors of each protease were tested in antiviral assay, with over 40% of M^pro inhibitors and over 20% of PL^pro inhibitors showing high potency in viral inhibition with low cytotoxicity. The X-ray crystal structure of SARS-CoV-2 M^pro in complex with its potent inhibitor 4a was determined at 1.8 Å resolution. Together with docking assays, our results provide a comprehensive resource for future research on anti-SARS-CoV-2 drug development.
Humans ; Antiviral Agents/chemistry* ; COVID-19 ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; High-Throughput Screening Assays ; Molecular Docking Simulation ; Protease Inhibitors/chemistry* ; SARS-CoV-2/enzymology* ; Viral Nonstructural Proteins

Aging-induced changes in the immune system are associated with a higher incidence of infection and vaccination failure. Lymph nodes, which filter the lymph to identify and fight infections, play a central role in this process. However, careful characterization of the impact of aging on lymph nodes and associated autoimmune diseases is lacking. We combined single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) with flow cytometry to delineate the immune cell atlas of cervical draining lymph nodes (CDLNs) of both young and old mice with or without experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU). We found extensive and complicated changes in the cellular constituents of CDLNs during aging. When confronted with autoimmune challenges, old mice developed milder EAU compared to young mice. Within this EAU process, we highlighted that the pathogenicity of T helper 17 cells (Th17) was dampened, as shown by reduced GM-CSF secretion in old mice. The mitigated secretion of GM-CSF contributed to alleviation of IL-23 secretion by antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and may, in turn, weaken APCs' effects on facilitating the pathogenicity of Th17 cells. Meanwhile, our study further unveiled that aging downregulated GM-CSF secretion through reducing both the transcript and protein levels of IL-23R in Th17 cells from CDLNs. Overall, aging altered immune cell responses, especially through toning down Th17 cells, counteracting EAU challenge in old mice.
Aging ; Animals ; Autoimmune Diseases ; Disease Models, Animal ; Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/metabolism* ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Th17 Cells/metabolism* ; Uveitis/pathology* ; Virulence

OBJECTIVE: To develop a self deep breathing training device which can improve lung function compliance and blood oxygen saturation. METHODS: The device consists of four parts:flow tube, measuring cylinder, mobile phone holder and meridian guidance audio-visual synthesis training software. The flow tube measures the flow rate of inhaled gas, the metering cylinder measures the total amount of inhaled gas, and the mobile phone rack is equipped with a mobile phone storing the meridian guidance audio-visual synthesis training software. RESULTS: The device is reasonable in structure and flexible in operation, which can meet the requirements of self deep inspiration training under the guidance of training module. CONCLUSIONS Deep inspiration training under the guidance of guidance training module can form "deep and slow" abdominal breathing, and then improve lung function.
Cell Phone ; Lung ; Meridians ; Software

Age-associated changes in immune cells have been linked to an increased risk for infection. However, a global and detailed characterization of the changes that human circulating immune cells undergo with age is lacking. Here, we combined scRNA-seq, mass cytometry and scATAC-seq to compare immune cell types in peripheral blood collected from young and old subjects and patients with COVID-19. We found that the immune cell landscape was reprogrammed with age and was characterized by T cell polarization from naive and memory cells to effector, cytotoxic, exhausted and regulatory cells, along with increased late natural killer cells, age-associated B cells, inflammatory monocytes and age-associated dendritic cells. In addition, the expression of genes, which were implicated in coronavirus susceptibility, was upregulated in a cell subtype-specific manner with age. Notably, COVID-19 promoted age-induced immune cell polarization and gene expression related to inflammation and cellular senescence. Therefore, these findings suggest that a dysregulated immune system and increased gene expression associated with SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility may at least partially account for COVID-19 vulnerability in the elderly.
Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Aging ; genetics ; immunology ; Betacoronavirus ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; metabolism ; Cell Lineage ; Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly ; Coronavirus Infections ; immunology ; Cytokine Release Syndrome ; etiology ; immunology ; Cytokines ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Disease Susceptibility ; Flow Cytometry ; methods ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Gene Rearrangement ; Humans ; Immune System ; cytology ; growth & development ; immunology ; Immunocompetence ; genetics ; Inflammation ; genetics ; immunology ; Mass Spectrometry ; methods ; Middle Aged ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral ; immunology ; Sequence Analysis, RNA ; Single-Cell Analysis ; Transcriptome ; Young Adult