Objective:To identify the risk factors for functional delayed gastric emptying(FDGE)after retroperitoneal tumor resection.Meth-ods:Sixty-seven patients with postoperative FDGE after retroperitoneal tumor resection from September 2017 to December 2022 admited in Peking University International Hospital were included in the observation group,and 836 normal patients who underwent ret-roperitoneal tumor resection during the same period were included in the control group.Medical histories and clinical treatment data were obtained for each group and compared to identify the risk factors for FDGE after retroperitoneal tumor resection.Results:The overall incid-ence of postoperative FDGE was 7.42%.Factors that were significantly elevated(P<0.05)in the observation group relative to the control group included adverse mental factors(37.31%),preoperative digestive tract obstruction(41.79%),postoperative abdominal cavity complic-ations(79.10%),diabetes(29.86%),average age of(61.85±6.11)years,and blood loss(1 011.94±507.30)mL.Pre-and post-surgery albumin levels[(38.22±3.75)g/L and(30.22±3.36)g/L,respectively]were significantly reduced(P<0.05)in the observation group compared to the control group.Risk factor analyses revealed that advanced age,diabetes,preoperative digestive tract obstruction,intraoperative blood loss,perioperative albumin level,postoperative abdominal cavity complications,and adverse mental factors were correlated with postoperative FDGE.Conclusions:Diverse factors could impact the risk of FDGE after retroperitoneal tumor resection.Patients should be accurately evalu-ated;reasonable and detailed prevention and treatment plans should be developed.

Objective:To establish the first Mini-Formative Evaluation of Radiation Oncology (Mini-FERO) scale in China and evaluate its preliminary application value in the standardized training for radiation oncology resident physicians.Methods:Based on the educational curriculum and examination requirements for the standardized training for radiation oncology resident physicians, as well as the standardized Mini-Clinical Evaluation Exercise (Mini-CEX) scale commonly used in clinical practice, the Mini-Formative Evaluation of Radiation Oncology (Mini-FERO) scale was developed to facilitate the standardized training for resident physicians in the field of radiation oncology. In this prospective study, a randomization method using a random number table was employed to select a cohort of 26 resident physicians who completed their rotations in Department of Radiation Oncology at the Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from March 1, 2021 to December 31, 2021. The Mini-FERO scale was administered in the initial, middle, and final stages during the rotation period. The differences in evaluation scores before and after the assessments were analyzed by paired t-test. Furthermore, participating resident physicians and supervising teachers provided satisfaction ratings, and a comprehensive evaluation of the Mini-FERO scale was conducted. Results:The average scores of the three examinations of 26 resident physicians demonstrated a successive improvement, with individual performance in each assessed category also showing progressive enhancement. The second evaluation exhibited a more pronounced score increase compared to the first evaluation, with a mean improvement of (1.43±1.02) points ( t=7.13, P<0.001); while the third evaluation had a mean improvement of (0.41±0.50) points ( t=4.07, P<0.001) compaired to the second evaluation, with a mean difference of (1.02±1.15) points between the two ( t=4.53, P<0.001). The average time required for the assessments was (34.31±24.46) min. Overall satisfaction ratings from the evaluated resident physicians for the Mini-FERO scale were (8.42±0.85) points, and supervising teachers reported an overall satisfaction rating of (8.45±0.85) points. The satisfaction rate was 96% (25/26). Conclusions:In this study, the Mini-FERO scale was successfully developed and validated in the context of clinical teaching practice for radiation oncology resident physicians. The Mini-FERO scale is proven to be a feasible tool for assessing the gradual improvement of resident physicians throughout their learning process in the field of radiation oncology. Importantly, it offers the advantages of short assessment time, thereby avoiding additional burden on supervising teachers. The adoption of the Mini-FERO scale addresses current limitations of lacking of formative evaluation in the standardized training for radiation oncology resident physicians.

Objective:To explore the clinical diagnosis and treatment methods and curative effect of retroperitoneal ganglioneuromaMethods:The clinical data of 32 cases of retroperitoneal ganglioneuroma admitted to Peking University International Hospital from Apr 2015 to May 2022 were retrospectively analyzed, and their clinical characteristics, surgical efficacy and prognosis were discussed.Results:Of the 32 patients with retroperitoneal ganglioneuroma, 17 had no obvious clinical symptoms, 7 complained abdominal distension and pain, 6 had lower back pain, and 2 had abdominal mass. Tumors were located near the adrenal and renal regions in 18 cases, on both sides of the spine below the kidneys in 11 cases, and in the pelvis in 3 cases. tumors were single in 28 cases, multiple in 4 cases.Tumors were surrounded by major blood vessels in 12 cases. R 0 or R 1 resection was carried out in 27 cases, and palliative R 2 resection in 5 cases, combined organ resection in 6 cases, and piecemed resection in 8 cases. The maximum tumor diameter was (13.2±4.9)cm, the intraoperative blood loss was 500 (50-6 000 ml), and 6 cases suffered from major postoperative complications. Between patients with tumors encircling and encroaching major blood vessels or not, there were significant differences in age, intraoperative blood loss, R 2 resection rate, and pieceneal resection rate between the two groups ( t=2.44, P=0.021; Z=2.37, P=0.018; χ2=4.57, P=0.033; χ2=11.38, P=0.001). There was no recurrence in patients with R 0 or R 1 resection. Conclusions:The prognosis of complete resection of retroperitoneal ganglioneuroma is good .Major blood vessels encroachment of the tumor often leads to incomplente (R 2) resection.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the genetic basis for a Chinese pedigree affected with microphthalmia. METHODS: Clinical data of the proband was collected. Whole exome sequencing (WES) was carried out to screen potential pathogenic variants in the proband. Candidate variant was verified by Sanger sequencing of the proband and his family members. Pathogenicity of the variant was predicted by searching the PubMed database and bioinformatic analysis. Sanger sequencing of amniotic fluid sample was carried out for prenatal diagnosis. RESULTS: The proband and his father were found to harbor a heterozygous c.151C>G (p.R51G) variant of the MAB21L2 gene. The same variant was not found in his mother and grandparents. Based on the guidelines of American College of Medical Genetics, the c.151C>G (p.R51G) variant was predicted as likely pathogenic. CONCLUSION The c.151C>G (p.R51G) variant of the MAB21L2 gene probably underlay the microphthalmia in the proband. Above finding has facilitated prenatal diagnosis for this pedigree.
China ; Coloboma ; Eye Proteins ; Female ; Humans ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Microphthalmos/genetics* ; Mutation ; Osteochondrodysplasias ; Pedigree ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Diagnosis

Objective:To explore the effect of repetitive high-frequency magnetic stimulation (H-F rTMS) of the dorsolateral part of the prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) combined with smoking-related cues on nicotine addicts′ cigarette craving, the concentration of exhaled CO and sleep quality.Methods:Sixty nicotine addicts were randomly divided into groups A, B and C, each of 20. All were given H-F rTMS five times a week for two weeks, while those in groups A and B watched smoking and non-smoking pictures for ten minutes, respectively. Before and after the intervention, all of the subjects self-reported their cigarette cravings using a visual analogue scale. Exhaled CO (CO ppm) was measured and the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) was evaluated. Results:After the intervention the average craving score, CO ppm and PSQI score had improved significantly in all three groups. The average craving score and CO ppm of group A were both significantly better than in the other two groups. Conclusions:rTMS can significantly improve cigarette craving, CO ppm and sleep quality of cigarette adicts. Viewing smoking-related pictures as an addition to rTMS can even better the effects of rTMS.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the CD 8 +T cells results of clinical automatic analysis platform and the CD8lowT and CD8highT cell subsets.Methods A total of 1316 cases of lymphocyte and flow cytometry data were collected from the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University from December 2015 to September 2016 by cross-sectional study. There were 287 cases of malignant tumor , 389 cases of autoimmune disease , 320 healthy people and 320 cases of HIV infection , then to get automatic analysis platform returns result of CD 8+T cell.FlowJo software was used to analyze the CD8low T and CD8high T lymphocyte subsets in the patients , and the results were compared with the results of CD8 +T cells returned by the clinical automatic analysis platform .Results The results of clinical returns CD8 +T cells were consistent with the results of CD 8high T cells in patients with different diseases , and were not exactly the same as the results of CD8lowT cells, and the difference was as follows:the results of CD8low T cells in HIV-infected patients were significantly lower than those of healthy people (56.2 ±42.0, 68.8 ± 45.9, cells/μl P<0.001), which were different from the clinical results of CD 8 +T cells.The results of clinical report of CD8 +T cells were statistically correlated with CD8high T cells and CD8low T cells, and the correlation between CD8 +T cells and CD8highT were higher than that of CD8lowT cells.There was a positive correlation between CD8low T cell count and CD4 +T cell count ( r=0.204, P<0.001) .CD8low T was significantly higher in patients on antiviral treatment than that in untreated group (58.3 ±43.9, 42.9 ± 26.5, cells/μl, P<0.001).After treatment for more than 2 years, the CD8lowT cells in patients with CD4<500 cells/μl were significantly lower than those in patients with CD 4>500 cells/μl (50.1 ±47.0, 66.3 ±46.6, cells/μl, P<0.001).Conclusions The clinical report of CD8 +T cells was consistent with the results of CD8highT cells, and there was a great difference between the results of CD 8lowT cells and the results of CD8 +T cells.CD8low T cells were significantly reduced in HIV infected patients , and CD8low T cells could be effectively reconstructed by antiviral therapy .

Objective To evaluate the methodological performance of the new enzymatic method for detecting glycated hemo-globin(HbAIc)and its influencing factors.Methods HbAIc was detected by the enzymatic method.The precision,anti-interfer-ence,recovery rate,accuracy and the influence of pre-processing(anti-coagulation,preservation,centrifugation)on the detection re-sults were evaluated,its correlation with HPLC and the bias degree were analyzed.Results The within-run coefficients of variation (CVs)for high,middle and low value QC samples in the enzymatic assay were 1.04%,1.26% and 1.37% respectively and the be-tween-run CVs were 1.83%,2.24% and 2.64%,respectively;the enzymatic method showed the linear correlation with HPLC(r=0.996,P <0.01);the HbA1c target value concentrations were 5.20%,6.40%,7.60%,8.80%,10.00% and 11.20% respectively, the recovery rates were 100.15%,98.91%,98.84%,98.20%,103.62% and 99.82% respectively;the interference test showed that this method had no significant interference on the detection results when glucose <15.50 mmol/L,UA<516.00 μmol/L,bili-rubin <217.00 μmol/L,triglyceride<10.20 mmol/L,urea<11.50 mmol/L,albumin<50 g/L and globulin <50 g/L.The HbA1c detection results in the samples with anti-coagulation by heparin sodium,EDTA-2K and sodium citrate stored for 3 d under -20-20 ℃ had no obvious change (P >0.05);the sample was centrifuged at 500,1 000 r/min(R=15 cm)for different time(1,2,5,10 min)and at 2 000 r/min for 1 min,their detection results had statistical differences compared with the sample centrifuged=3 000 r/min for 5 min (P <0.05).Conclusion The precision,anti-interference,accuracy and linearity range of the enzymatic method all conform to the clinical requirement.Compared with the conventional method,its correlation is good with small deviation,which can entirely satisfy the demand of the HbAIc detection in clinic.

Objective To analyze the influencing factors of cone-beam CT (CBCT) imagine registration in lung cancer. Methods From Mar. 2007 to Dec. 2007, 20 patients with lung cancer were treated with IGRT. The imagines of CBCT were collected from 6 to 19 fractions during the patients' radiotherapy. To compare the difference of set-up errors between the two groups according to the distance from the lesion in lung to the centrum. At the same time, CBCT imagines from the first, middle and the last fraction of these patients' radiotherapy were registrated in bone and grey methods by four doctors. The difference of set-up errors between different doctors and registrated methods were compared. Results The mean values of set-up errors were ＜2 mm in the two groups without significant difference (x:-1.31mm vs 0. 10 mm (t=0. 07,P=0.554);y:1.24 mm vs 1.37 mm (t=0. 05,P=0. 652);z: - 1.88mm vs -1.26mm (t= -0. 12,P=0.321)). The mean values of set-up errors were ＜ 1.3 mm in four doctors and registrated methods without significant difference, for bone registration,x: -0. 05 mm, -0. 01 mm,0. 05 mm, -0.12 mm and -1.31 mm ( F=-0.01,P=0.887) ;y:0.56 mm,0.35 mm,0.51 mm and 0.43 mm (F= -0.01,P=0.880);z: -1.16 mm, -1.20 mm, -0.88 mm and -1.03 mm (F= -0.04,P=0. 555 ), for grey registration ,x: -0.32 mm, -0.341 mm, -0.395 mm and - 0.37 mm(F=-0.01, P=0.874);y:0.34 mm,0.54 mm, -0.04 mm and 0.27 mm (F= -0.03,P=0.622);x:-1.12 mm,- 1.15 mm, - 1.13 mm and - 1.04 mm (F=0. 00,P=0. 812). Conclusions With the same registrated box and imagine quality, the location of the lesions in lung, registred methods and different doctors are not the influencing factors for CBCT imagine registration.

Objective To analyze the outcome and prognostic factors in breast cancer at high-risk of recurrence and evaluate the role of radiotherapy. Methods 381 breast cancer patients treated with mastec-tomy and axillary dissection were retrospectively analyzed. The including criterias were pathologic diagnosis of invasive breast cancer, T_3-T_4 and/or four or more positive axillary nodes. The survival rates was calculat-ed by Kaplan-Meier method, and compared by Logrank test. Cox regression model was used to select poten-tial prognostic variables. Results The median follow up was 48 months. The 5-year overall survival (OS) and locoregional recurrence-free survival (LRFS) rates were 76.8% and 89.7%, respectively. Radiothera-py significantly improved the OS (80.9% vs. 62.3%, χ~2=15.47, P=0.001) and LRFS (93.4% vs. 77.1% χ~2=19.95,P=0.000). The use of ipsilateral chest wall and supraclavicular nodal radiation was associated with increased 5-year chest wall recurrence free survival (96.8% : 86.2%, χ~2= 12.66, P=0.001) and 5-year supraclavicular node recurrence free survival (97.7% : 90.7 %, χ~2= 9.98, P=0.002).However, axillary irradiation had no impact on 5-year axillary recurrence free survival (98.4% : 96.1% ,χ~2=0.74, P=0.389). In multivariate analysis, absence of radiotherapy (χ~2=14.42, P=0.000), 10 or more positive axillary nodes (χ~2=21.60, P=0.000), and T_4 stage (χ~2=10.79, P=0.001) were inde-pendent unfavorable prognostic factors for overall survival. Conclusions Radiotherapy improves the overall survival of breast cancer patients with T_3, T_4 and/or four or more positive axillary nodes. The chest wall and supraclavicular nodal radiation should be given to this group of patients.

erall survival.