Objective: To analyze the structural changes in whole blood and apheresis platelet donations in Chinese Society of Blood Transfusion (CSBT) sentinel units from 2021 to 2025, and to provide evidence for donor recruitment and blood service management. Methods: Aggregated data reported by sentinel sites were collected and stratified according to six indicators: age, sex, donation history, donation volume, donation site, and organization mode. Pearson χ test, Cramer′V coefficient, Cochran-Armitage trend test and simple linear regression were adopted for analysis. Results: A total of 16 256 973 whole blood donations and 1 576 546 apheresis platelet donations were included. Among whole-blood donations, the proportion of donors aged 18-22 years decreased from 27.30% to 10.60%. The proportion of male donors increased from 58.81% to 63.13%; the proportion of people aged 30 and above increased from 58.40% to 75.30%; the proportion of fixed locations rose from 28.37% to 36.57%; the proportion of social groups increased from 21.69% to 39.69%. The 400-mL donations decreased from 62.12% to 53.46%, while individually initiated voluntary donations remained above 50%. Apheresis platelet donations were predominantly from males, individuals aged 30-39 years, and repeat donors; 2-treatment-unit apheresis platelet donations increased from 67.19% to 74.93%, and individually initiated donations accounted for 92.97%-96.02%. Statistically significant overall annual compositional differences were observed for all six indicators (all P<0.001), whereas linear trends for some sub-categories were not statistically significant. Conclusion: In the participating CSBT sentinel units, among whole blood donations, the proportions of donors aged 18-22 years, university-organized group donations, and donations at blood mobiles decreased, whereas the proportions of organizational group donations and donations at fixed venues increased. The apheresis platelet donation cohort is relatively mature and is evolving toward a high-efficiency donation model. Individual voluntary donation remains the primary organization mode for both donation types. Strategies such as youth donor recruitment, optimized layout of fixed donation sites, and retention of repeat donors should be strengthened to improve the resilience of blood supply.

Objective: Data on syncopal donation-related vasovagal reaction (DRVR) collected from 74 blood centers between 2020 and 2023 was statistically analyzed to provide a reference for developing preventive strategies against syncopal DRVR. Methods: Data on blood donation adverse reactions and basic information of donors from 2020 to 2023 were collected through the information management system at monitoring sentinel sites. Statistical analysis was performed on the following aspects of syncopal DRVR: characteristics of donors who experienced syncope, reported incidence, triggers, duration, presence and occurrence time of syncope-related trauma, clinical management including outpatient and inpatient treatment, and severity grading. Results: From 2020 to 2023, 45 966 donation-related adverse reactions were recorded. Of these, 1 665 (3.72%) cases were syncopal DRVR. The incidence of syncopal DRVR decreased with age, being the highest in the 18-22 age group. Incidence was significantly higher in female donors than male donors, in first-time donors than repeat donors, and in university and individual donors than group donors (all P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference among different blood donation locations (P>0.05). The top three triggers were tension, fatigue, and needle phobia or fear of blood. Among syncopal DRVR cases, 60.36% occurred during blood collection, 87.63% lasted for less than 60 seconds, and 5.05% were accompanied by trauma. Notably, 57.14% of these traumas occurred after donor had left the blood collection site. Syncope severity was graded based on required treatment: grade 1 (fully recovered without treatment, 95.50%); grade 2 (recovered after outpatient treatment, 4.02%); and grade 3 (recovered after inpatient treatment, 0.48%). Conclusion: By analyzing the data of syncopal DRVR cases, it is possible to provide a reference for formulating blood donor safety policies.

Intervention in chronically activated microglia-mediated neuroinflammation is a novel approach to treat Alzheimer's disease (AD). The low permeability of the blood‒brain barrier (BBB) and non-selective distribution in the brain severely restrict AD drugs' disease-modifying efficacy. Here, an immunosuppressant TREM2-lowing antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) and resveratrol co-loaded cationic liposome is developed as an immune reprogramming nanomodulator modified by acid-cleavable BBB-targeting peptide and microglia-targeting peptide (Res@TcMNP/ASO) for AD management. Res@TcMNP/ASO can enter brain endothelial cells via D-T7 peptides. Then D-T7 undergoes an acid-responsive cleavage, facilitating the escape of Res@MNP/ASO from endo/lysosomes to cross the BBB. The detached Res@MNP/ASO specifically targets M1-phenotype microglia via exposed MG1 peptides to prompt the simultaneous delivery of two drugs into activated microglia. This nanomodulator can not only restore the immune function of microglia through TREM2-lowing ASO but also mitigate the immune stimulation to microglia caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) through resveratrol, thereby synergistically inhibiting the chronic activation of microglia to alleviate neuroinflammation in AD. Our results indicate that this combination treatment can achieve significant behavioral and cognitive improvements in late APP/PS1 mice.

Objective:To construct a triple pre-rehabilitation intervention program for patients undergoing radical prostatectomy, to provide a basis for promoting pre-rehabilitation in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy.Methods:Literature analysis was used to search domestic and foreign databases such as China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, PubMed, etc, on triple pre-rehabilitation and rapid rehabilitation of patients undergoing radical prostatectomy, with a search time frame from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2023. The Delphi expert letter consultation was conducted later, and the final draft of the triple pre-rehabilitation intervention program for patients with radical prostatectomy was finally formed.Results:A total of 20 experts completed 2 rounds of inquiries, all were female, with an age of (40.85 ± 5.40) years old. The response rates for the 2 rounds of expert inquiries were both 100%(20/20). The authority coefficients of the experts were 0.87 and 0.90, respectively. Kendall coordination coefficients were 0.11 and 0.21, respectively. The coefficient of variation for each item in the second round of inquiries ranged from 0 to 0.15. The triple pre-rehabilitation intervention program for patients with radical resection of prostate cancer was constructed, including 4 primary indexes, 8 secondary indexes and 25 tertiary indexes.Conclusions:It is scientific, targeted and feasible to construct a triple pre-rehabilitation intervention program for patients undergoing radical prostatectomy based on Delphi method, which can provide clinical basis for pre-rehabilitation of elderly patients undergoing prostate cancer surgery.

Objective:To construct a triple pre-rehabilitation intervention program for patients undergoing radical prostatectomy, to provide a basis for promoting pre-rehabilitation in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy.Methods:Literature analysis was used to search domestic and foreign databases such as China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, PubMed, etc, on triple pre-rehabilitation and rapid rehabilitation of patients undergoing radical prostatectomy, with a search time frame from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2023. The Delphi expert letter consultation was conducted later, and the final draft of the triple pre-rehabilitation intervention program for patients with radical prostatectomy was finally formed.Results:A total of 20 experts completed 2 rounds of inquiries, all were female, with an age of (40.85 ± 5.40) years old. The response rates for the 2 rounds of expert inquiries were both 100%(20/20). The authority coefficients of the experts were 0.87 and 0.90, respectively. Kendall coordination coefficients were 0.11 and 0.21, respectively. The coefficient of variation for each item in the second round of inquiries ranged from 0 to 0.15. The triple pre-rehabilitation intervention program for patients with radical resection of prostate cancer was constructed, including 4 primary indexes, 8 secondary indexes and 25 tertiary indexes.Conclusions:It is scientific, targeted and feasible to construct a triple pre-rehabilitation intervention program for patients undergoing radical prostatectomy based on Delphi method, which can provide clinical basis for pre-rehabilitation of elderly patients undergoing prostate cancer surgery.

ObjectiveTo observe the clinical effectiveness and safety of Xuandi Ziyin Mixture （玄地滋阴合剂） for central precocious puberty （CPP） in girls with syndrome of yin deficiency and fire exuberance， and to analyse the effect of body mass index （BMI） on the effectiveness. MethodsA total of 236 girls with CPP of yin deficiency and fire exuberance syndrome were included， and all of them were given Xuandi Ziyin Mixture， 30 ml each time， twice a day， for a total treatment period of 6 months. Before and after treatment， children's weight， height and bone age were measured， BMI and BMI Z-score （BMI Z） and the difference between bone age and actual age were calculated； ultrasound was used to detect uterine and ovarian sizes， and to calculate uterine volume （V_uterus）， bilateral ovarian volume （V_{left ovary}， V_{right ovary}）， and bilateral maximal follicle diameters （r_{left follicle} and r_{right follicle}）； and serum sex hormones were measured， including follicle-stimulating hormone （FSH）， luteinising hormone （LH）， prolactin （PRL）， estradiol （E₂）， and testosterone （T）， and were scored for traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndrome. Multiple linear regression was used to analyse the influence factors of the difference between bone age and actual age， and changes in uterine volume. The children were divided into the normal weight group and the overweight/obesity group according to baseline BMI， and the bone age， the difference between bone age and actual age， V_uterus and BMI Z scores before and after treatment were compared between the two groups. ResultsFinally， 199 children entered the statistical analysis. Compared with pre-treatment， the bone age， BMI and BMI Z scores of the children increased after treatment， and the difference between bone age and actual age， TCM syndrome scores， V_uterus， V_{left ovary}， V_{right ovary}， r_{left follicle} and r_{right follicle} decreased； and the levels of serum FSH， LH， E₂， and T significantly decreased （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. The difference between bone age and actual age was negatively correlated with LH and V_uterus （P＜0.05）， and changes in uterine volume were positively correlated with LH （P＜0.01）. Comparing between the groups before and after treatment， the bone age， difference between bone age and actual age， and BMI Z scores of children in the normal weight group （100 cases） were significantly smaller than those in the overweight/obesity group （99 cases） （P＜0.01）. Compared with pre-treatment， the bone age of the children in both groups increased， but the difference between bone age and actual age and V_uterus were significantly smaller （P＜0.01）. Further comparison of Δ bone age and actual age difference and ΔV_uterus （Δ = post-treatment value - pre-treatment value） between the two groups showed no statistically significant difference （P＞0.05）. ConclusionsXuandi Ziyin Mixture can reduce bone age， sex hormone level， ovary and uterus size， and improve clinical symptoms in girls with yin deficiency and fire exuberance syndrome of CPP. It is also effective in overweight/obese children， and the inhibitory effect on bone age in girls with CPP is not affected by BMI， with good safety.

As known, the benefits of photothermal therapy (PTT) are greatly limited by the heat tolerance of cancer cells resulting from overexpressed heat shock proteins (HSPs). Then HSPs further trigger the formation of stress granules (SGs) that regulate protein expression and cell viability under various stress conditions. Inhibition of SG formation can sensitize tumor cells to PTT. Herein, we developed PEGylated pH (low) insertion peptide (PEG-pHLIP)-modified hollow copper sulfide nanoparticles (HCuS NPs) encapsulating the SG inhibitor ISRIB, with the phase-change material lauric acid (LA) as a gate-keeper, to construct a pH-driven and NIR photo-responsive controlled smart drug delivery system (IL@H-PP). The nanomedicine could specifically target slightly acidic tumor sites. Upon irradiation, IL@H-PP realized PTT, and the light-controlled release of ISRIB could effectively inhibit the formation of PTT-induced SG to sensitize tumor cells to PTT, thereby increasing the antitumor effect and inducing potent immunogenic cell death (ICD). Moreover, IL@H-PP could promote the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), repolarizing them towards the M1 phenotype and remodeling the immunosuppressive microenvironment. In vitro/vivo results revealed the potential of PTT combined with SG inhibitors, which provides a new paradigm for antitumor and anti-metastases.

Objective To assess the application of Stroop color-word test ( SCWT) for screening of minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) in patients with liver cirrhosis.Methods Sixty patients aged 18-65 years with liver cirrhosis and 60 age, education level-matched healthy subjects were examined with SCWT.The SCWT indexes were compared between two groups .MHE was identified when patients had abnormal number connection test-A (NCT-A) and/or digit symbol test (DST).Results Time consuming and errors of card 2, 3, 4 and Stroop interference effects ( SIE) reflecting word-interference and color-interference in SCWT were increased significantly in liver cirrhotic patients [(17.28 ±0.69)sec,(12.96 ± 1.10)sec, (30.30 ±1.40)sec, (5.00 ±0.90)sec, (13.74 ±1.22)sec, (0.36 ±0.10) times, (0.50 ± 0.11) times, (0.50 ±0.11) times, (5.00 ±0.90) times,(1.98 ±0.23) times, respectively] compared to those in healthy subjects [(10.18 ±0.57) sec,(7.68 ±0.39)sec,(15.68 ±0.33)sec,(1.94 ±0.37) sec, (6.56 ±0.70)sec, (0.02 ±0.02) times,(0.10 ±0.04)times,(0.10 ±0.04)times,(0.04 ±0.02) times,(0.20 ±0.08) times, respectively; t =12.95, 6.98, 8.19, 7.02, 11.91, 10.09, 8.97,8.15, 17.94,11.37,all P=0.00];while there were no significant differences in time consuming and errors of card 1 between liver cirrhotic patients [ ( 7.10 ±0.40 ) sec and ( 0.04 ±0.03 ) times ] and healthy subjects [(6.72 ±0.36)sec and (0.02 ±0.02) times; t=1.89, 1.91, both P=0.06].The sensitivity of word SIE, color SIE and word SIE +color SIE of SCWT for primary screening of MHE was 0.83(50/60), 0.88 (53/60) and 0.98(59/60) respectively, whereas the specificity was 0.87(52/60), 0.80(48/60) and 0.83(50/60) respectively.ConclusionThe SCWT may serve as a convenient , effective and reliable tool for primary screening MHE.

Objective: This study aimed at determining the characteristics of the glucose homeostasis and its relationship with iron overload of the patients with β-thalassemia major (β-TM). Method: From Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital between January 2014 and December 2015, a total of 57 transfusion-dependent β-TM patients with 5-18 years old were enrolled in this study and fasting blood glucose(FBG) and insulin level, serum ferritin (SF), serum iron, transferrin, total iron binding capacity, unsaturated iron binding capacity were determined.Insulin resistance index (IRI), insulin sensitivity index and β-cell function index (BFI) were also estimated. Besides, in 36 patients cardiac T2* and liver T2* were estimated. Result: (1) Four patients(7%) with β-TM were diagnosed diabetes mellitus, and 14(24%) had impaired fasting glucose. (2) The incidence of abnormal glucose metabolism was significantly different according to levels of SF and degrees of the cardiac iron overload(χ²=9.737, P<0.05; χ²=17.027, P<0.05). It rose while the level of SF increased and the degree of cardiac iron overload aggravated. (3) The incidence of abnormal glucose level was not significantly different in cases with different degree of liver iron overload.The severe group of liver iron overload had significantly higher levels of INS, HOMA-βFI, HOMA-ISI, HOMA-βFI than the non-severe group (Z=-2.434, -2.515, F=8.658, all P<0.05), while no differences were found in the level of FBG, HOMA-βFI between two groups. (4) The result of logistic regression analysis indicated that the cardiac T2* was a significant predictor for the incidence of abnormal glucose metabolism in TM patients (P=0.035, OR=1.182%, 95%CI=1.048 to 1.332). Conclusion The high prevalence of abnormal glucose metabolism in β-TM patients was mainly closely related with the internal iron overload, especially in organs.The cardiac T2* was an independent risk factor for the incidence of abnormal glucose metabolism in TM patients.

Objective To explore the efficacy and safety of Solitaire stent arterial embolectomy in the treatment of acute cardiogenic cerebral embolism.Methods The data of 24 patients who underwent Solitaire stent arterial embolectomy,either alone or in combination with reorganization type tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) intravenous thrombolysis,to treat acute cardiogenic cerebral embolism in our hospital were collected.These results between October 2012 and March 2016 were compared with 21 control patients who were treated using only rtPA Ⅳ thrombolysis.The short-term efficacy,long-term clinical outcomes,complications,and mortality rate of these two groups were compared,and the clinical outcomes of these patients with posterior circulation infarction in the two groups were further assessed.Results The time between onset and rt-PA administration in the study group (median time:3.17 h) was significantly shorter than that in the control group (4.00 h,P＜0.05);rt-PA dose used in both two groups was 50 mg.NIHSS scores and Glasgow Coma scale scores at discharge,and modified Rankin scale (mRs) scores 3 and 6 months after treatment in the study group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P＜0.05).There were no significant differences in symptomatic intra-cerebral hemorrhage,high perfusion encephalopathy,incidence of hernia,or mortality between the two groups (P＞0.05).The mRS scores 3 months after treatment in patients with posterior circulation infarction (2) were significantly lower than those in the control group (3,P＜0.05).Conclusions As compared with simple venous thrombolytic therapy,Solitaire stent embolectomy can significantly improve short-term neurological function and long-term prognosis in patients with acute cardiogenic cerebral embolism,enhance their life quality,without increasing the complication incidence and mortality rate.It is safe and effective,and patients with posterior circulation infarction can also be treated by arterial embolectomy.