Objective To analyze the prevalence and influencing factors of work‑related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) among workers in hypermarkets in a district of Shanghai City. Methods A total of 477 frontline workers from hypermarkets were selected as the study participants using a convenience sampling method. The prevalence of WMSDs during the past year was investigated using the Chinese version of the Musculoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire. Results The prevalence of WMSDs among the participants was 50.3%. The shoulder, neck and lower back were the most affected body regions, with prevalence rates of 20.6%, 18.5% and 14.9%, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that workers who smoked or had quit smoking had a higher risk of WMSDs than non-smokers (P<0.01). Workers who engaged in physical exercise more than three times per month after work had a lower risk of WMSDs than those who did not exercise (P<0.01). Workers in warehouse-style hypermarkets had a lower risk of WMSDs than those in traditional hypermarkets (P<0.01). The risk of WMSDs increased with increasing frequency of heavy load handling among hypermarket workers (all P<0.01). Workers who sometimes performed tasks requiring forceful use of the upper limbs or hands had a higher risk of WMSDs than those who never or rarely performed such tasks (P<0.01). Workers engaged in two-shift schedules and other shift systems had a lower risk of WMSDs than those without shift work (both P<0.05). Conclusion Workers in hypermarkets showed a relatively high prevalence of WMSDs, with the shoulder, neck and lower back being the most frequently affected regions. Smoking/cessation, physical exercise, supermarket type, heavy load handling, and forceful use of the upper limbs or hands were associated with WMSDs. Hypermarkets should implement ergonomic interventions based on job characteristics, optimize work organization, and strengthen occupational health management to reduce the prevalence of WMSDs.

The Cancer Incidence in Five Continents(CI5)database are jointly maintained by the International Agency for Research on Cancer(IARC)and the International Association of Cancer Registries(IACR),both affiliated to the World Health Organization.This paper provides a histori-cal overview of cancer registration efforts in China,systematically summarizes the journey and en-deavors of Chinese cancer registries as they were incorporated into IARC and CI5.Furthermore,it offers a perspective on the strategies for advancing the high-quality development of cancer registra-tion activities within the nation.

Objective:To explore the association between serum selenium levels and total cancer risk in humans.Methods:A systematic search was conducted for Chinese and English literature on the association between selenium and cancer risk published up to December 2023 in the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang, PubMed, EMbase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) databases by using “neoplasms” “selenium” “prospective-studies” (both in English and Chinese) as keywords. The meta-analysis was performed using a random-effect model. The linear dose-response relationship was analyzed using a generalized least squares regression model, and the non-linear dose-response relationship was analyzed using a restricted cubic spline regression model. Publication bias was assessed by funnel plots and Egger′s regression asymmetry test.Results:A total of 12 prospective studies were included from 16 408 articles retrieved, including seven studies from Europe, four from America, and one from Asia, with a total of 4 586 cancer cases reported. Meta-analysis revealed an inverse association between baseline serum selenium levels and total cancer risk ( RR=0.68, 95% CI: 0.57-0.82, P=0.000). Furthermore, serum selenium was found to have a protective effect on both the incidence ( RR=0.66, 95% CI: 0.53-0.84, P=0.001) and mortality ( RR=0.70, 95% CI: 0.50-0.98, P=0.035) of total cancer. The inverse association between serum selenium and the incidence of total cancer was more pronounced in populations with low baseline serum selenium levels ( RR=0.65, 95% CI: 0.48-0.89, P=0.007). Additionally, dose-response meta-analysis showed that for every 10 μg/L increase in baseline serum selenium concentration, there was a 26% reduction in incidence of total cancer ( RR=0.74, 95% CI: 0.46-0.83, P=0.229) and a 6% reduction in mortality of total cancer ( RR=0.94, 95% CI: 0.86-0.96, P=0.229). Conclusion:Serum selenium is negatively associated with the incidence and mortality of total cancer.

Objective To understand the level of occupational health literacy (OHL) and its influencing factors among occupational population in five key industries of tertiary industry in Putuo District of Shanghai City. Methods A total of 1 159 front-line workers, from five key industries of tertiary industry in Putuo District of Shanghai City in 2023, were selected as the research subjects using the stratified cluster random sampling method. Their OHL levels were surveyed using the Occupational Health Literacy Questionnaire of National Key Populations. Results A total of 1 159 front-line workers in key industries were surveyed, and 476 had OHL, with an overall OHL level of 41.1%. The OHL levels across four dimensions including basic knowledge of occupational health protection, healthy lifestyle and behavior, legal knowledge of occupational health, and basic skills of occupational health protection from high to low were 72.9%,44.5%,42.2%, and 31.3%, respectively. The results of multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that gender, educational level, and industry category were independent influencing factors for OHL level of the research subjects (all P<0.05). Female workers had higher OHL levels than males (P<0.05). Higher education level was associated with higher OHL level in workers (all P<0.05). Workers in industries of medical health had higher OHL level than those in couriers/delivery transportation, education and environmental health(all P<0.01). Conclusion The OHL level of occupational population in the five key industries of tertiary industry in Putuo District of Shanghai City needs to be further improved. Efforts should focus on enhancing health education on legal knowledge and basic skills of occupational health protection, with special attention to workers OHL in the transportation and courier/delivery industries and those with lower education levels.

Objective: To investigate characteristics of colorectal cancer incidence and mortality in registration areas of Guangdong Province in 2020, so as to provide a basis for optimizing regional prevention and control strategies. Methods: Data on incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer in cancer registration areas of Guangdong Province in 2020 were collected from the Cancer Follow-up Registration System and the All-Cause Mortality Registration Reporting System of the Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention. The crude incidence, crude mortality, truncated rate for 35 to 64 years, and cumulative rate for 0 to 64 years were calculated, and standardized using the Segi's world standard population. Descriptive epidemiological methods were applied to analyze the characteristics of colorectal cancer incidence and mortality by different genders, urban/rural areas and ages. Results: A total of 14 771 cases of colorectal cancer were reported in Guangdong Province in 2020. The crude incidence, world population-standardized incidence, truncated incidence for 35 to 64 years and cumulative incidence for 0 to 64 years were 35.18/100 000, 24.84/100 000, 38.87/100 000 and 1.37%, respectively. A total of 5 384 deaths of colorectal cancer were reported, with crude incidence, world population-standardized incidence, truncated incidence for 35 to 64 years and cumulative incidence for 0 to 64 years were 14.55/100 000, 8.83/100 000, 10.39/100 000 and 0.37%, respectively. The crude incidence and mortality were higher in males than in females (40.35/100 000 vs. 29.88/100 000, 16.51/100 000 vs. 12.54/100 000, both P<0.05). The crude incidence and mortality were higher in urban areas than in rural areas (38.94/100 000 vs. 26.10/100 000, 16.60/100 000 vs. 10.42/100 000, both P<0.05). The crude incidence of colorectal cancer initially increased with advancing age (P<0.05), reaching a peak of 239.36/105 in the 80-<85 age group, followed by a marked decline after 85 years. The crude mortality of colorectal cancer increased with advancing age (P<0.05), reaching a peak of 174.25/100 000 in the ≥85 years age group. Conclusions In 2020, the incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer in registration areas of Guangdong Province were higher than the national averages. There were differences in the characteristics of incidence and mortality among genders, urban/areas and age. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the comprehensive prevention and control efforts for colorectal cancer in males, urban areas, and the elderly population.

Objective: To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of lung cancer in cancer registration areas of Guangdong Province in 2020, so as to provide the evidence for improving prevention and control strategies of lung cancer. Methods: Data of incidence and mortality in 2020 from 30 cancer registries in Guangdong Province were collected from the Cancer Follow-up Registration System and the All-Cause Mortality Registration Reporting System of the Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention. The crude incidence, crude mortality, and cumulative rate for 0 to 74 years were calculated. The Chinese population-standardized rate and world population-standardized rate were calculated using the age structure of the standard population from the Fifth National Population Census in 2000 and Segi's world standard population. The incidence and mortality characteristics of lung cancer in different genders, urban/rural areas and ages were described. Results: In 2020, there were 25 357 new cases of lung cancer in Guangdong Province. The crude incidence, Chinese population-standardized incidence, world population-standardized incidence, and cumulative incidence for 0 to 74 years were 60.40/100 000, 43.75/100 000, 43.26/100 000, and 5.30%, respectively. There were 14 366 lung cancer deaths. The crude mortality, Chinese population-standardized mortality, world population-standardized mortality, and cumulative mortality for 0 to 74 years were 38.82/100 000, 24.49/100 000, 24.36/100 000, and 2.88%, respectively. The crude incidence and crude mortality of lung cancer in males were higher than those in females (71.19/100 000 vs. 49.42/100 000, 52.94/100 000 vs. 24.36/100 000, both P<0.05). The crude incidence and crude mortality of lung cancer in urban areas were higher than those in rural areas (66.37/100 000 vs. 45.95/100 000, 40.68/100 000 vs. 35.07/100 000, both P<0.05). The crude incidence and crude mortality of lung cancer exhibited upward trends with increasing age (both P<0.05), peaking in the age of 80-<85 years (347.97/100 000 and 342.14/100 000). Conclusions Comparing to the national data, the incidence of lung cancer in registration areas of Guangdong Province remained relatively high, while mortality remained relatively low. Males, urban residents and the elderly constitute the key populations for lung cancer prevention and control. It is recommend to optimize the allocation of medical resources between urban and rural areas and strengthen lung cancer screening among high-risk groups.

Objective:To investigate the predictive value of different obesity indicators for colorectal cancer (CRC) risk in different gender populations.Methods:This observational study was conducted within the Kailuan Study (Registration Number: ChiCTR-TNC-11001489). From July 2006 to October 2007, a total of 101,510 employed and retired individuals underwent health examinations, including gastrointestinal disease screening, hematological tests, and questionnaires, at Kailuan General Hospital and its 10 affiliated hospitals. After excluding those with incomplete data, 93,606 participants were included in this study and divided into male (74 852) and female (18 754) groups. CRC incidence was collected through physical examinations and questionnaires every two years. Each participant's follow-up period began at the time of the questionnaire and ended upon CRC diagnosis, death, or December 31, 2021. Body Mass Index (BMI), waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) were quartiled (Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4), with Q1 serving as the control group. After adjusting for traditional risk factors such as age, total cholesterol, triglycerides, diabetes, hypertension, smoking status, alcohol consumption, and physical exercise, Cox regression models were used to calculate the correlations between BMI, waist circumference, WHR, WHtR, and CRC incidence in both male and female populations.Results:The age of all patients was (51±12) years, BMI was (25.06±3.49) kg/m 2, waist circumference was (86.94±9.97) cm, hip circumference was (97.30±8.81) cm, WHR was 0.89±0.07, and WHtR was 0.52±0.06.Female participants had significantly lower BMI, waist circumference, WHR, and WHtR compared to males, with statistically significant differences (all P<0.05). The mean follow-up duration for all participants was 15.01 (14.10±2.66) years, during which 718 CRC cases were identified, including 626 males (0.83%) and 92 females (0.49%). Cox proportional hazards models for males showed that CRC risk increased with waist circumference from Q3 (HR=1.43, 95%CI: 1.13-1.79, P=0.003) to Q4 (HR=1.45,95%CI: 1.14-1.82, P=0.002). Similarly, CRC risk increased with WHR from Q3 (HR=1.22, 95%CI: 1.01-1.53, P=0.007) to Q4 (HR=1.43, 95%CI: 1.14-1.79, P=0.002) and with WHtR from Q3 (HR=1.37, 95%CI: 1.08-1.74, P=0.009) to Q4 (HR=1.68, 95%CI: 1.33-2.12, P<0.001). For females, CRC risk increased with waist circumference from Q2 (HR=2.37, 95%CI: 1.20-4.67, P=0.012) to Q3 (HR=2.42, 95%CI: 1.21-4.84, P=0.013) but decreased in Q4 ( HR=2.08, 95%CI: 1.02-4.25, P=0.043). CRC risk increased significantly with WHR from Q2 (HR=2.20, 95%CI: 1.11-4.39, P=0.024) to Q3 (HR=2.89, 95%CI: 1.48-5.67, P=0.002) in females but was not statistically significant in Q4 ( P=0.074). Among females, CRC risk also increased significantly with WHtR in Q2 (HR=2.30, 95% CI: 1.16-4.56, P=0.017) and Q4 (HR=2.64, 95%CI: 1.32-5.29, P=0.006). There were no statistically significant differences in CRC risk associated with BMI in either male or female populations (both P>0.05). Conclusion:Waist circumference, WHR, and WHtR were better predictors of CRC risk than BMI in both male and female populations.

Objective:To explore the association between serum selenium levels and total cancer risk in humans.Methods:A systematic search was conducted for Chinese and English literature on the association between selenium and cancer risk published up to December 2023 in the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang, PubMed, EMbase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) databases by using “neoplasms” “selenium” “prospective-studies” (both in English and Chinese) as keywords. The meta-analysis was performed using a random-effect model. The linear dose-response relationship was analyzed using a generalized least squares regression model, and the non-linear dose-response relationship was analyzed using a restricted cubic spline regression model. Publication bias was assessed by funnel plots and Egger′s regression asymmetry test.Results:A total of 12 prospective studies were included from 16 408 articles retrieved, including seven studies from Europe, four from America, and one from Asia, with a total of 4 586 cancer cases reported. Meta-analysis revealed an inverse association between baseline serum selenium levels and total cancer risk ( RR=0.68, 95% CI: 0.57-0.82, P=0.000). Furthermore, serum selenium was found to have a protective effect on both the incidence ( RR=0.66, 95% CI: 0.53-0.84, P=0.001) and mortality ( RR=0.70, 95% CI: 0.50-0.98, P=0.035) of total cancer. The inverse association between serum selenium and the incidence of total cancer was more pronounced in populations with low baseline serum selenium levels ( RR=0.65, 95% CI: 0.48-0.89, P=0.007). Additionally, dose-response meta-analysis showed that for every 10 μg/L increase in baseline serum selenium concentration, there was a 26% reduction in incidence of total cancer ( RR=0.74, 95% CI: 0.46-0.83, P=0.229) and a 6% reduction in mortality of total cancer ( RR=0.94, 95% CI: 0.86-0.96, P=0.229). Conclusion:Serum selenium is negatively associated with the incidence and mortality of total cancer.

Objective:To explore the correlation between metabolic syndrome (MS), serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels, their combination and the risk of digestive system malignancies.Methods:A prospective cohort study was conducted in the participants from the Kailuan cohort who took health examination in July 2006. Anthropometric parameters, epidemiological information, and laboratory test results were collected. Incidence and mortality of digestive system malignant tumors were collected through biennial health examinations and questionnaires. The follow-up period ended on December 31, 2021.According to MS status and hs-CRP levels (hs-CRP≤3 or >3 mg/L), the cohort was divided into 4 groups, induding MS -hs-CRP -, MS -hs-CRP +, MS + hs-CRP -, and MS + hs-CRP + group. Chi-squared test, one analysis of variance, and the Kruskal-Wallis H test were used for inter-group comparison among groups. Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate the cumulative incidence of digestive system malignant tumors, and log-rank test was performed to compare the cumulative incidence among groups. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to evaluate the effects of MS and hs-CRP levels on the overall risk of digestive system malignant tumors, as well as the effects of their combination on the risk of digestive system malignant tumors of different site, and relevant confounding factors were adjusted.A sensitivity analysis was conducted by excluding individuals diagnosed with digestive system malignancies within one year of follow-up, as well as those taking antihypertensive, antidiabetic, or lipid-lowering medications. Results:A total of 92 916 participants were included in this study. Among them, 57 933 cases were in the MS -hs-CRP - group, 10 949 cases in the MS -hs-CRP + group, 18 412 cases in the MS + hs-CRP - group, and 5 622 cases in the MS + hs-CRP + group.The median follow-up period was 15.01 years (14.66 to 15.20 years). By the end of follow-up, these were 1 992 cases of new-onset digestive system malignant tumors. The cumulative incidence rates of digestive system malignant tumors of MS -hs-CRP -, MS -hs-CRP +, MS + hs-CRP -, and MS + hs-CRP + groups were 2.0%(1 164/57 933), 2.3%(249/10 949), 2.4%(440/18 412), and 2.5%(139/5 622), respectively. The difference in the cumulative incidence among the 4 groups was statistically significant ( χ2=14.09, P=0.003).The results of multivariate Cox analysis showed that, after hs-CRP level and other confounding factors were adjusted, the risk of developing digestive system malignant tumors in participants with MS was 21.4% higher than that in those without MS ( HR=1.214 (95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.086 to 1.340), P<0.001). After MS status and other confounding factors were adjusted, the risk of developing digestive system malignant tumors in participants with high hs-CRP level (>3 mg/L) was 17.2% higher than those with low hs-CRP level (≤3 mg/L) ( HR=1.172 (95% CI: 1.042 to 1.303), P=0.008). After relevant confounding factors were adjusted, the risks of developing digestive system malignant tumors in the MS -hs-CRP +, MS + hs-CRP -, and MS + hs-CRP + groups increased by 17.2%, 21.4%, and 35.9%, respectively, as compared with that of the MS -hs-CRP - group ( HR=1.172 (95% CI: 1.017 to 1.399), P=0.028; HR=1.214 (95% CI: 1.074 to 1.356), P=0.002; HR=1.359 (95% CI: 1.135 to 1.635), P=0.001). Among the 4 groups, the overall risk of developing digestive system malignant tumors of MS + hs-CRP + group was the highest. After relevant confounding factors were adjusted, the risks of colorectal cancer, liver cancer, and pancreatic cancer of the MS + hs-CRP + group increased by 46.2%, 35.7%, and 88.3%, respectively, as compared with those of the MS -hs-CRP - group ( HR=1.462 (95% CI: 1.088 to 1.956), HR=1.357 (95% CI: 1.132 to 2.089), HR=1.883 (95% CI: 1.052 to 3.342)), suggesting that MS combined with high hs-CRP was a significant risk factor for increased incidences of colorectal cancer, liver cancer, and pancreatic cancer ( P=0.012, 0.016 and 0.033). After participants diagnosed with new digestive system malignancies within one year of follow-up and those taking antihypertensive, antidiabetic, or lipid-lowering medications (108 cases, 10 680 cases, 2 344 cases, 906 cases) were excluded, the results of sensitivity analysis indicated the increased risk of digestive system malignant tumors in the MS -hs-CRP +, MS + hs-CRP -, and MS + hs-CRP + groups were 12.1%, 21.4%, 28.7%; 18.2%, 21.4%, 24.8%; 16.4%, 21.4%, 32.2%; 17.3%, 20.4%, 35.8%. Among the 3 groups, the increased risk of developing digestive system malignant tumors of MS + hs-CRP + group was the highest. Conclusion:MS and hs-CRP >3 mg/L are both independent risk factors for developing digestive system malignant tumors, and their combination further increases the risk of developing digestive system malignant tumors.

Esophageal cancer is one of the global public health problems, which is a serious threat to life and health. Screening is not only an important main measures to reduce the incidence and mortality of esophageal cancer, but also an effective strategy for early prevention and early treatment. There are significant differences in the screening status of esophageal adenocarcinoma and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cancer between China and abroad. Internationally, there are several guidelines for screening and monitoring of Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma, but most guidelines do not recommend screening in the general population. The primary screening by sponge ball then endoscopic diagnosis is a new focus. In China, the screening of esophageal cancer and its precancerous lesions is mainly esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, which has been relatively mature and gradually transformed from population screening to opportunistic screening. However, due to the high cost, high technical difficulty and certain invasiveness, it is difficult to popularize and be applied widely; and the canceration rate of precancerous lesions is low, so it is very important to control the cost of screening and scientific follow-up. Moreover, high-risk population should raise their awareness of cancer prevention, actively take primary prevention and the initiative to participate in screening. About medicine institutions, it is urgent to improve the awareness and capacity of early screening. The multi-disciplinary research cooperation, minimally invasive, simple and economical screening methods and multi-omics biomarkers are still explored to detect and concentrate high-risk populations, which will help to optimize screening programs of esophageal cancer and further reduce the incidence and mortality of esophageal cancer.