Objective: To examine the association of physical activity with cognitive function and mental health among primary school students based on latent subgroup identification and dose response modeling, and to clarify cognitive-psychological profiles and the protective role of physical exercise, so as to provide evidence based support for physical exercise promoting mental health among primary school students. Methods: A study was conducted among 546 primary school students aged 8-12 years old from a primary school in Shanghai from March to June 2025. Physical fitness indicators, including vital capacity, 50 m sprint, sit and reach, and 1 min rope skipping were measured. Physical exercise was assessed by using the Physical Activity Rating Scale-3 (PARS-3), and mental health was assessed by using the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale, 47-item version (RCADS-47). Cognitive function was assessed by using Stroop, N-back, and task-switching tasks. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was performed for cognitive-psychological health of primary school students based on seven cognitive indicators and six psychological indicators. Multivariable Logistic regression, trend test, and restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis were used to examine associations between physical exercise and psychological highrisk status. Results: Five cognitive psychological health subgroups were identified:high symptom and impaired cognition group ( n =40, 7.3%), low cognition and low symptom group ( n =108, 19.8% ), and high cognition and high symptom group ( n =110, 20.2%), cognitive advantage and psychologically healthy group ( n = 272, 49.8%), and extremely high symptom and cognitively vulnerable group ( n =16, 2.9%). Among them, the high symptom and impaired-cognition group and extremely high symptom and cognitively vulnerable group were classified as psychologically high risk types. Significant differences were observed across subgroups in psychological symptoms, cognitive function, some physical fitness indicators and physical exercise level, except for body weight, body mass index, and sit and reach ( F =2.64-297.53, all P < 0.05). The results of the multivariate Logistic regression analysis indicated that high level sports, including high total volume of physical exercise, single session duration >30 min, high intensity, and frequency ≥3 times/week, was associated with lower psychological high risk status ( OR =0.20, 0.36, 0.33, 0.40, all P <0.05). Trend analysis showed that total volume of physical exercise and single session exercise duration were negatively associated with psychological high risk status among primary school students ( OR =0.98, 0.79, both P trend <0.05). RCS analysis showed no statistically significant overall or nonlinear association between total volume of physical exercise and psychological high risk status ( χ 2=2.92, 0.01, both P >0.05). Conclusions Cognitive-psychological health among primary school students is heterogeneous. Physical exercise is associated with psychological health improvement and may show a threshold effect, with total volume of physical exercise and single session exercise duration being the key dimensions.

Background: Inflammation indices are emerging predictors of diseases. Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) is a precancerous state and chronic inflammation may drive MGUS progression. This study aimed to evaluate the association between inflammatory markers and MGUS. Methods: Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III and 1999–2004 were collected from 6,383 participants. MGUS subtypes were identified using immunofixation electrophoresis. Seven inflammatory indices [lymphocyte count (LC), neutrophil count (NC), platelet-neutrophil product (PPN), systemic immune inflammation index (SII), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and C-reactive protein (CRP)] were calculated. Weighted multivariate regression and subgroup analyses assessed the relationships, reported as odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: Of the 6383 patients included in the study, 157 (2.45%) underwent MGUS. There was a significant correlation trend between ln PPN level and the development of MGUS, especially at low levels (OR: 2.62, 95% CI: 1.54–4.75, p-trend = 0.001), while the correlation between PLR level and MGUS was not obvious. In the subgroup analysis, a significant association between PPN level and MGUS was mainly found in the overall population, female sex, nonHispanic black, non-hypercholesterolemia, non-type 2 diabetes (T2D), high school education or above, and divorced or widowed; however, there was no significant interaction between PPN level and MGUS in each subgroup. Conclusion PPN levels were significantly associated with MGUS development. Our study identified PPN as a novel and convenient inflammatory marker with potential clinical relevance. Although preliminary, the observed associations highlight the need for validation through longitudinal studies before considering their clinical applications.

Myxedema coma is a rare condition, typically arising from long-standing, untreated hypothyroidism and triggered by factors such as infection, hypothermia, or severe illness. This report details a successfully treated case of myxedema coma with cardiac attest, accompanied by a literature review, to enhance clinical awareness and improve the diagnosis and management of this critical condition.

Myxedema coma is a rare condition, typically arising from long-standing, untreated hypothyroidism and triggered by factors such as infection, hypothermia, or severe illness. This report details a successfully treated case of myxedema coma with cardiac attest, accompanied by a literature review, to enhance clinical awareness and improve the diagnosis and management of this critical condition.

Anxiety and depression are prevalent conditions in the geriatric department, leading to significant patient suffering and imposing substantial economic and social burdens.The incidence of anxiety and depression has been on the rise.Currently, the primary treatment approaches encompass drug therapy, physical therapy, and psychological intervention.However, due to the fact that most elderly individuals are unable to tolerate the side effects of medications and have low acceptance of psychological interventions, these treatment options alone are not sufficient for addressing anxiety and depression in this population.As a result, exercise therapy has emerged as a recommended treatment method in both domestic and international guidelines.This approach offers several advantages, including fewer side effects, cost-effectiveness, and controllable implementation.Nevertheless, it is crucial to develop an appropriate exercise prescription that encompasses the specific type, intensity, frequency, and duration of exercises.This paper aims to discuss the effect of exercise therapy, including exercise type, intensity, and frequency, as well as the mechanism of exercise intervention.

Objective:Exploring the clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of tailgut cysts, and improving the understanding of this disease.Methods:A retrospective analysis of 42 patients with tailgut cyst surgically treated from Jan 2012 to Mar 2024 was conducted.Results:This study included 42 patients (28 females,14 males) with a median age of 51 (23-76)years old. Nineteen cases of perineal/abdominal pain, 13 cases of perianal swelling, 10 cases of perianal abscess, 7 cases of sacrococcygeal sinus, and 4 cases of anal mass were observed. These symptoms often occurred simultaneously. All 42 patients had lesions located behind the rectum, with a relative position to the coccyx (7 above the coccyx, 17 below the coccyx, 11 above and between the coccyx levels, and 7 horizontally).Tailgut cysts were located in the pelvic floor, with 3 cases above the levator ani muscle, 17 cases below the levator ani muscle, and 22 cases between the levator ani muscle levels. Forty-one cases were treated with posterior approach, and 1 case was treated with combined approach. Thirty-two were unilocular and 10 multilocular. Female patients with multiple compartments were significantly more common than males ( P<0.05), while tumor location, tumor size, recurrence, and malignancy were all independent of gender. After surgery, 8 cases (19％) experienced recurrences and 5 cases of malignant transformation patients had a long term multiple relapses. Conclusions:Tailgut cysts are rare,while women were common seen.Non-specific symptoms of pain in the perineum or abdomen, perianal swelling or abscess, are usually observed. In addition, multiple relapses could have malignant transformation. Surgical complete resection is the most reasonable treatment method and the appropriate surgical path should be selected based on the size, location, and relationship with adjacent tissues of the tumor.

Objective In order to understand the distribution and drug resistance of the extended-spectrumβ-lactamase-producing (ESBLs) Enterobacteriaceae in female vaginal secretions and to provide the basis for clinical treatment.Methods 939 strains of Enterobacteriaceae isolated from female vaginal secretions were collected from Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University from January 2014 to December 2017.The strain identification and drug sensitivity test of VITECK 2 Compact-totally automatic bacterial identification analyzer were used to analyze the detection rate and drug resistance of ESBLs Enterobacteriaceae.Results 257 strains of ESBLs-producing strains were detected in 939 strains of Enterobacteriaceae with a detection rate of 27％, including 220 Escherichia coli, 34 Klebsiella pneumoniae, 2 Stink-nose Klebsiella and 1 strain of Acidogenic Klebsiella.ESBLs Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were all resistant to Ampicillin and Cefazolin, and to Ceftazidime, Nitrofurantoin, SMZ, Amikacin, Ciprofloxacin, Gentamicin, tobramycin, Ampicillin/Sulbactam, Ceftriaxone, Ertapenem, Piperacillin/Tazobactam, Aztreonam, Cefepime, Levofloxacin the drug resistance rates of were 36％and 44％, 2％ and 41％, 67％ and 68％, 2％ and 15％, 58％ and 38％, 51％ and65％, 14％and 26％, 65％and 76％, 99％and 97％, 0％and 29％, 0％and 3％, 50％and 65％, 26％and 18％, 57％ and 32％, but they are all sensitive to Imipenem and Cefotetan.Conclusion The inicdence of ESBLs Enterobacteriaceae in female vaginal secretions is high, and Imipenem, Cefotetan, Piperacillin/Tazobactam have high antibacterial activity, which can be used as the experience of initial treatment.

Objective To summarize the CT features of pulmonary mucormycosis in post hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) patients with leukemia,to provide timely and accurate guidance for clinical treatment.Methods 9 pulmonary mucormycosis in post HSCT patients with leukemia confirmed by surgery,biopsy and sputum culture were analyzed retrospectively.Distribution,morphology and CT features of the disease were analyzed and summarized.All patients were underwent non-enhanced MSCT.Results Reversed halo sign (n=7);patchy ground glass opacity (GGO) (n =5);bilateral multiple pulmonary nodules and nodular GGO (n=3);bilateral multiple pulmonary micro-cysts with spiculate boundary (n=1);pleural effusion (n=2);pneumo-mediastinum (n 1) were seen.Two or more than two CT signs were seen in some patients.The interval time between the appeared reversed halo sign and the transplantation were 0.5-19 months in 7 patients,which median time was 10 months and 6 cases (85.7％) appeared within 18months.8 patients (88.9 ％) presented cough,expectorated white or yellow phlegm,among them,4 cases (50 ％) presented bloodstained sputum or hemoptysis.3 cases (37.5 ％) presented left chest pain.1 case was asymptomatic.6 patients (66.7 ％) presented significant increased body temperature with the range from 38.4 ℃ to 39.6 C,the median was 39 C.3 patients (33.3％) showed normal temperature.The WBC counting was between 0.16-3.31 × 109/L,the median was 0.7 × 109/L.The neutrophil cell counting was between 0-2.46 × 109/L,with the median of 0.09 × 109/L.Among them,7 patients (77.8％) found reversed halo sign with neutrophil counting between 0-1.63 × 109/L,and the median was 0.09 × 109/L.Conclusion Various imaging manifestations of pulmonary mucormycosis are seen in post HSCT patients with leukemia.When patients is in agranulocytosis phase after transplantation HSCT,it is highly suggested pulmonary mucormycosis infection when the characteristic reversed halo sign is found.

Objective To compare the effects of propofol-and sevoflurane-based anesthesia on postoperative cognitive dysfunction in elderly patients undergoing cardiac valve operation under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).Methods Eighty patients of both sexes,of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅱ or Ⅲ,aged 65-72 yr,weighing 60-80 kg,scheduled for elective cardiac valve operation under CPB,were randomly divided into 2 groups (n =40 each) using a random number table:propofol-based anesthesia group (group P) and sevoflurane-based anesthesia group (group S).In group P,propofo] was given by target-controlled infusion with the target plasma concentration of 0.5-2.0 μg/ml to maintain anesthesia.In group S,0.5％-2.5％ sevoflurane was inhaled for maintenance of anesthesia.Immediately after induction of anesthesia,at the end of operation,and at 6,12 and 24 h after operation,blood samples were taken from the superior vena cava for determination of plasma matrix metalloproteinase-9,S100β protein and neuron-specific enolase concentrations.Cognitive function was assessed at 1 day before operation,and at 3,7 and 30 days after operation.Results Compared with group P,the plasma matrix metalloproteinase-9,S100β protein and neuron-specific enolase concentrations at the end of operation and at 6 h after operation and incidence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction were significantly increased in group S (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Propofol-based anesthesia provides better cerebral protection than sevoflurane-based anesthesia,and the development of postoperative cognitive dysfunction is decreased in elderly patients undergoing cardiac valve operation under CPB.

Objective To compare the cerebral protective effect of propofol and sevoflurane combined with sufentanil anesthesia in the patients undergoing valvular surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).Methods Sixty American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅱ or Ⅲ patients, aged 60-70 yr, scheduled for elective valvular surgery under CPB, were randomly divided into either propofol-based anesthesia group (group PA) or sevoflurane-based anesthesia group (group SA) , with 30 patients in each group.From induction of anesthesia to the end of surgery, group P received targetcontrolled infusion of propofol 0.5-2.0 μg/ml, and group S continuously inhaled 0.5％-2.5％ sevoflurane.Bispectral index value was maintained at 45-55.Immediately after induction (T0), at the end of surgery (T1) , and at 6, 12 and 24 h after surgery (T2-4) , the superior vena cava was retrogradely cannulated for blood sampling, and the concentrations of plasma S-100β protein and neuron-specific enzyme were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results Compared with group SA, the plasma S-100β concentrations at T1,2 and neuron-specific enzyme concentrations at T1-3 were significantly decreased in group PA.Conclusion The cerebral protective effect of propofol combined with sufentanil anesthesia is superior to that of sevoflurane combined with sufentanil anesthesia in the patients undergoing valvular surgery under CPB.